Ultrastructure of bacteria adhesion in cell membrane of young mouse lingual mucosa

A mucosa lingual de camundongos jovens foi examinada através de imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e de varredura de alta resolução. Os espécimes foram fixados em solução modificada de Karnovsky e emblocadas em resina Spurr para a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Cortes finos de 80 nm foram feitos e examinados em um microscópio eletrônico de transmissão Jeol 1010. Para a microscopia eletrônica de varredura de alta resolução os espécimes foram imersos na mesma solução, pós fixados em tetróxido de ósmio, secos e cobertos com paládio. As amostras foram examinadas em um microscópio eletrônico de varredura Hitachi S-900. Os resultados revelaram grupos de bactéria aderidos à superfície queratinizada das células epiteliais. Estes estreptococos e cocos aderidos à membrana celular foram notados em imagens tridimensionais. Em aumentos maiores, as imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão demonstraram a adesão de bactéria à membrana celular através de numerosas fimbrias compondo o glicocalice. A estrutura fibrilar emergindo da bactéria foi claramente observada.Lingual mucosa of young mouse was examined by transmission and high resolution scanning electron microscopic images (HRSEM). The specimens were fixed with modified Karnovsky solution and embedded in Spurr resin for transmission electron microscopy. Thin sections of 80 nm were cut and examined in the Jeol 1010 transmission electron microscope. For HRSEM method, the specimens were fixed in the same solution, postfixed in osmiun tetroxide, critical point dried and coated with palladium. The samples were examined under Hitachi S-900, SEM microscope. The results revealed groups of bacteria attached to the surface of keratinized epithelial cells. These streptococcus and coccus attached on the cell membrane were noted in the three-dimensional SEM images. At high magnification, the transmission electron microscopic images demonstrated the adhesion of bacteria to the cell membrane through numerous fimbria comprising the glycocalyx. The fine fibrillar structure rising from bacteria were clearly seen

Ultrastructure of the adhesion of bacteria to the epithelial cell membrane of three-day postnatal rat tongue mucosa: a transmission and high-resolution scanning electron microscopic study

Togue mucosa surface of 3-day postnatal rats was examined under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). For HRSEM analysis, the specimens were fixed in the same solution for 24 h, postfixed in 2% osmiun tetroxide, critical-point dried and coated with platinum-palladium. For TEM analysis, the specimens were fixed using modified Karnovsky solution and embedded in Spurr resin. The results revealed the presence of numerous microplicae in the membrane surface of keratinized epithelial cells to which groups of bacteria were attached. These bacteria were staphylococcus and coccus organized either in rows or at random, which were visualized in three-dimensional HRSEM images. At high magnification, the TEM images revealed the adhesion of bacteria to the cell membrane through numerous filamentous structures comprising the glycocalyx. The fine fibrillar structures rising from each bacterium and from cell membrane were clearly seen. These characteristics on bacteria structure may be used for future control or prevention of bacterial diseases and for installation of the oral native flora.A superfície lingual de ratos de três dias de idade foi examinada em microscópia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e em microscópia eletrônica varredura de alta resolução (MEVAR). Para o método de MEVAR, os espécimes foram fixados na mesma solução por 24 h, pós fixados em solução de tetróxido de ósmio a 2%, secos em ponto crítico e cobertos com platina- paládio. Para análise em MET, os espécimes foram fixados utilizando-se solução de Karnovsky modificada e emblocadas em resina Spurr. Os resultados mostraram a presença de numerosas micropregas na membrana superficial das células epiteliais queratinizadas, nas quais estavam aderidos grupos de bactérias. Estas bactérias eram estafilococos e cocos, organizados em fileiras ou a esmo, e puderam ser observadas em imagens tri-dimensionais em MEVAR. Em maiores aumentos, as imagens em MET revelaram a adesão de bactérias nas células por meio de numerosas estruturas filamentares compondo o glicocálice. As delicadas estruturas filamentares na periferia das bactérias e das células foram nitidamente identificadas. Estas características da estrutura bacteriana podem ser utilizadas, no futuro, para controle e prevenção de doenças bacteriana, bem como para a instalação da flora oral nativa.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences Department of AnatomyFukuoka University Department of AnatomyFederal University of São Paulo Department of MorphologyUniversity of São Paulo School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto Department of Morphology and StomatologyUNIFESP, Department of MorphologySciEL

Estudo da Proporção Áurea em pacientes jovens Classe II, divisão 1 tratados ortodonticamente

 Objetivo: verificar se o tratamento ortodôntico com a técnica Bioprogressiva de Ricketts provocou alterações benéficas ou não nas proporções áureas avaliadas. Material e métodos: Resultados: Conclusão:  durante o tratamento ortodôntico em questão, a maior parte das proporções faciais iniciais que não apresentavam valores próximos da proporção divina, aproximaram-se dos valores considerados como ideais, havendo uma melhora estética da face. a avaliação cefalométrica mostrou que as proporções áureas (A-1/1-Pm; Xi-6/Xi-Pm e 6-1/6-PTV) apresentaram diferença significativa entre os valores pré e pós tratamento e as proporções (FH-A/A-PM e Xi-Co/Xi-Pm) não apresentaram nenhuma alteração significativa entre o início e final dos tratamentos ortodônticos realizados neste estudo. Quatro proporções (FH-A/A-Pm; A-1/1-Pm; Xi-6/Xi-Pm; e 6-1/6-PTV) apresentaram aproximação do valor áureo enquanto uma (Xi-Co/Xi-Pm) se distanciou desse valor. A terceira proporção (Xi-6/Xi-Pm) foi a que apresentou o melhor restabelecimento em comparação com o valor áureo. foram realizadas 54 telerradiografias em norma lateral, com as quais se obteve os cefalogramas antes e pós-tratamento ortodôntico completo de uma amostra composta por 27 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, portadores de má oclusão Classe II, divisão 1. Eles apresentaram uma média de idade de 10,5 e 16,5 anos no início e no final do tratamento ortodôntico, respectivamente

Terminações nervosas sensitivas na mucosa da bochecha de ratos: estudo ao microscópio eletrônico

The sensory nerve endings of the rat cheek mucosa were studied using the transmission electron microscopy. The specimens were fixed in modified Karnovsky solution and embedded in Epon resin. The sensory nerve endings showed a central terminal axon containing numerous mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules and clear vesicles. The proximal part of corpuscle revealed the cytoplasmic extensions of lamellar cells and the perineural cells. The fine bundles of collagen fibers are identified in the interlamellar spaces and the external part of corpuscle. Numerous concentric lamellae showed caveolae, interlamelar spaces filled with amorphous material, desmosome-type junctions between adjacent lamellae and the inner lamellar cells and the axoplasmic membrane. These fine structures are important to recognise and understand the morphological characteristics in the oral mucosa.As terminações nervosas sensitivas da mucosa da bochecha de ratos foram estudadas utilizando-se microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de Karnovsky modificada e inclusas em resina do tipo Epon. As terminaçãos nervosas sensitivas mostraram um axônio central terminal contendo numerosas mitocôndiras, neurofilamentos, microtúbulos e vesículas claras. A porção proximal dos corpúsculos revelaram projeções citoplasmáticas de células lamelares e células perineurais. Delgados feixes de fibras colágenas foram identificados nos espaços interlamelares e na região externa dos corpúsculos. Numerosas lamelas concêntricas apresentavam caveolas, espaços interlamelares preenchidos por material amorfo, desmossomos do tipo juncional entre lamelas adjacentes e células lamelares internas e membrana axolplásmatica. Essas estruturas delgadas mostram-se importantes na identificação e estudo das características da mucosa oral

Sensory nerve endings in the rat cheek mucosa: an electron microscopic study

As terminações nervosas sensitivas da mucosa da bochecha de ratos foram estudadas utilizando-se microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de Karnovsky modificada e inclusas em resina do tipo Epon. As terminaçãos nervosas sensitivas mostraram um axônio central terminal contendo numerosas mitocôndiras, neurofilamentos, microtúbulos e vesículas claras. A porção proximal dos corpúsculos revelaram projeções citoplasmáticas de células lamelares e células perineurais. Delgados feixes de fibras colágenas foram identificados nos espaços interlamelares e na região externa dos corpúsculos. Numerosas lamelas concêntricas apresentavam caveolas, espaços interlamelares preenchidos por material amorfo, desmossomos do tipo juncional entre lamelas adjacentes e células lamelares internas e membrana axolplásmatica. Essas estruturas delgadas mostram-se importantes na identificação e estudo das características da mucosa oral

Evaluation of the articular cartilage in the knees of rats with induced arthritis treated with curcumin.

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a curcumin treatment on the knee of rats with induced osteoarthritis. Fifteen adult rats were used and divided in three groups: the osteoarthritis group (OAG), control group (CG-without induction of osteoarthritis), and curcumin-treated osteoarthritis group (COAG). Osteoarthritis was induced in the right knee of rats in the OAG and COAG by administering an intra-articular injection of 1 mg of zymosan. Fourteen days after induction, 50 mg/kg curcumin was administered by gavage daily for 60 days to the COAG. After the treatment period, rats from all groups were euthanized. Medial femoral condyles were collected for light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of SOX-5, IHH, MMP-8, MMP-13, and collagen 2 (Col2) was analyzed. The COAG exhibited an increase in the number of chondrocytes in the surface and middle layers compared with that of the OAG and CG, respectively. The COAG also showed a decrease in the thicknesses of the middle and deep layers compared with those of the OAG, and an increase in Col2 expression was observed in all articular layers (surface, middle, and deep) in the COAG compared with that in the OAG. SOX-5 expression was increased in the surface and deep layers of the COAG compared with those in the OAG and CG. Based on the results of this study, the curcumin treatment appeared to exert a protective effect on cartilage, as it did not result in an increase in cartilage thickness or in MMP-8 and MMP-13 expression but led to increased IHH, Col2, and SOX-5 expression and the number of chondrocytes

Pluripotent stem cell transcription factors during human odontogenesis

Stem cells are capable of generating various cell lines and can be obtained from adult or embryonic tissues for clinical therapies. Stem cells from deciduous dental pulp are among those that are easily obtainable from adult tissues and have been widely studied because of their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell lines in the presence of various chemical mediators. We have analyze the expression of several proteins related to the differentiation and proliferative potential of cell populations that compose the tooth germ of human fetuses. We evaluate 20 human fetuses of both genders. After being paraffin-embedded, cap and bell stages of tooth germ development were subjected to immunohistochemistry for the following markers: Oct-4, Nanog, Stat-3 and Sox-2. the studied antibodies showed nuclear or cytoplasmic immunnostaining within various anatomical structures and with various degrees of expression, indicating the action of these proteins during tooth development. We conclude that the interrelationship between these transcription factors is complex and associated with self-renewal and cell differentiation. Our results suggest that the expression of Oct-4, Nanog, Sox-2 and Stat-3 are related to differentiation in ameloblasts and odontoblasts.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Morfol & Genet, São Paulo, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Biol Celular, São Paulo, BrazilInst Butantan, Genet Lab, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Morfol & Genet, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2010/08085-7Web of Scienc

Ultrastructural Aspects of Female Aging Wistar Rat Epithelium Tongue: A HRSEM and TEM Study

Background: There is general consensus that the effects of intrinsic aging on the oral mucosa are relatively small, though potentially important to understanding the pathologies present in the aged animals. Objective: In this paper, the development of dorsal surface of rat tongue was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) in order to understand the age-related structural and ultrastructural changes experimentally. Methods: In this study, we used female rats 75 and 720 days old (adult and aging). Tissues of rat tongue were prepared and the specimens submitted to HRSEM and TEM techniques. Results: The analysis of HRSEM and TEM demonstrated that the same characteristic keratinous epithelium was found in aging animals, however with some modifications. Conclusion: We agree that there are obvious changes in the oral mucosa with aging and these modifications can be observed starting from the ultrastructural aspects. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Base

Allogenous bone grafts improved by bone marrow stem cells and platelet growth factors: Clinical case reports

In order to increase the amount of available bone where dental implants must be placed, the present study has associated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) from bone marrow aspirate and bone scaffold (BS) in 32 patients aged between 45 and 75 years old. the MNC attainment and the adherence to the BS were confirmed through histology, cell culture, and scanning electron microscopy. the clinical results, analyzed by computed tomography, have showed that the scaffolds were well integrated and adapted to the cortical bone. We can conclude that the process of healing observed in the patients was due to the presence of mesenchymal stem cell in MNC fraction in the bone grafts.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Morfol Genet, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023900 São Paulo, BrazilClin CERA LTDA, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Hosp Clin, Fac Med, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Genoma Humano, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Morfol Genet, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023900 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc