Habilidades para o teletrabalho: demandas de aprendizagem

Mandatory telework introduced requirements for performing activities remotely. Some were different from those required for voluntary telework. Being full-time at home brought substantial changes to the workers’ lives who were not adapted to this modality of work. This study aimed to identify the skills deemed necessary for teleworking. It was based on the perspective of 2,409 professionals working in 95 Brazilian public institutions. The results were divided into two central categories: hard skills and soft skills. Some of the features pointed out by the participants that needed to be improved were: being able to master the technological tools used to communicate remotely; productivity management; and time management. When gaps in expressing such skills are identified, relevant educational actions can be promoted. In addition, it is possible to leverage the benefits and reduce the risks associated with telework.O teletrabalho compulsório introduziu condições para desempenhar as atividades remotamente, algumas diferentes daquelas exigidas no teletrabalho voluntário. Estar em tempo integral em casa trouxe mudanças substanciais aos trabalhadores não adaptados à modalidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo mapear as habilidades percebidas como necessárias para a atuação em teletrabalho durante a pandemia a partir da perspectiva de 2.409 profissionais de 95 organizações públicas brasileiras. Os resultados apontaram duas categorias centrais: hard skills e soft skills. Dentre as necessidades de aperfeiçoamento da capacidade de trabalhar remotamente, estão: o domínio de ferramentas tecnológicas para viabilizar as comunicações remotas; a gestão da produtividade; e a gestão do tempo. Os relatos dos participantes indicam que a atuação em teletrabalho requer desenvolver e consolidar habilidades diferenciadas. Ao se identificar lacunas na expressão de tais habilidades, ações educacionais pertinentes capazes de saná-las poderão ser promovidas. Além disso, é possível alavancar os benefícios e reduzir os riscos associados ao teletrabalho.El teletrabajo obligatorio introdujo condiciones para realizar actividades a distancia, algunas diferentes a las exigidas en el teletrabajo voluntario. Estar en casa a tiempo completo ha provocado cambios sustanciales a los trabajadores no adaptados a la modalidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las habilidades percibidas como necesarias para el teletrabajo durante la pandemia, desde la perspectiva de 2.409 profesionales de 95 organizaciones públicas brasileiras. Los resultados apuntaron a dos categorías centrales: habilidades duras y habilidades blandas. Entre las necesidades para mejorar la capacidad de teletrabajar se encuentran: el dominio de las herramientas tecnológicas; la gestión de la productividad; y la gestión del tiempo. Los informes de los participantes indican que el teletrabajo requiere desarrollar y consolidar habilidades diferenciadas. Al identificar estas deficiencias en la ejecución de tales habilidades, se pueden promover acciones educativas pertinentes capaces de eliminarlas. Además, es posible aumentar los beneficios y reducir los riesgos asociados al teletrabajo.Revista do Serviço Público - RSP, v. 75, n. 2, 387-410 p.Governo e Transformação DigitalInovaçãoISSN Impresso: 0034-9240 ISSN Eletrônico: 2357-801

Epidemiological and molecular surveillance of norovirus in the Brazilian Amazon: description of recombinant genotypes and improvement of evolutionary analysis

Noroviruses are highly infectious, genetically diverse viruses. Global outbreaks occur frequently, making molecular surveillance important for infection monitoring. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to monitor cases of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Brazilian Amazon. Fecal samples were tested by immunoenzymatic assay, RT-PCR and genetic sequencing for the ORF1/ORF2 and protease regions. Bayesian inference with a molecular clock was employed to construct the phylogeny. The norovirus prevalence was 25.8%, with a higher positivity rate among children aged 0-24 months. Genogroup GII accounted for 98.1% of the sequenced samples, while GI accounted for 1.9% of them. The GII.P16/GII.4 genotype was the most prevalent, with an evolution rate of 2.87x10−3 and TMRCA estimated in 2012. This study demonstrates that norovirus is a primary causative agent of gastroenteritis and provides data on viral genetic diversity that may facilitate infection surveillance and vaccine development

Detection of the pandemic norovirus variant GII.4 Sydney 2012 in Rio Branco, state of Acre, northern Brazil

Noroviruses (NoVs) are important cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Genotype GII.4 is responsible for the majority of outbreaks reported to date. This study describes, for the first time in Brazil, the circulation of NoV GII.4 variant Sydney 2012 in faecal samples collected from children aged less than or equal to eight years in Rio Branco, state of Acre, northern Brazil, during July-September 2012

ESTRATÉGIAS DIDÁTICAS NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA: em foco o uso de paródias

O ensino de Química, por muitas vezes, é considerado como difícil devido às atividades associadas à memorização de fórmulas, estruturas e conhecimentos que podem desmotivar o aluno no estudo e aprendizagem. Desse modo, os recursos didáticos podem ser utilizados como motivadores do interesse dos alunos pela aula, podendo assim, auxiliar no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Nessa perspectiva, a música, sob a forma de paródia, é considerada uma ferramenta relevante em atividades educacionais, tornando-se aliada na construção de saberes. O presente trabalho refere-se a um relato de experiência desenvolvido em 2015 com 28 alunos e 12 professores de Química. A metodologia envolveu a elaboração de paródias por alunos da 3ª série do Ensino Médio, a partir do conteúdo considerado como mais difícil de ser ensinado por professores de três cidades interioranas de Goiás. Observamos que houve receptividade por parte da maioria dos envolvidos na proposta. Desse modo, ressaltamos que ao proporcionar uma aula diferenciada por meio da música parodiada, podemos abranger a discussão de situações cotidianas e envolver diferentes conhecimentos, propiciando assim o estímulo da contextualização e da interdisciplinaridade, contribuindo de maneira eficiente com o aprendizado dos alunos

Molecular epidemiology and temporal evolution of norovirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Amazonas state, Brazil

Abstract Background Globally, Norovirus (NoV) is considered the most common cause of diarrheal episodes across all age groups. Despite its wide genetic diversity, the GII.4 strain is the most predominant and has been associated with epidemics worldwide. In this study, we characterized sporadic cases of diarrhea from NoV-positive children, during a five-year period (2010–2014). Methods A total of 250 NoV-positive samples identified by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were subjected to RT-PCR and partial nucleotide sequencing for polymerase and capsid genes. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify NoV genotypes using the binary classification. In addition, sequences from the P2 subdomain (capsid) gene of GII-4 variants were characterized by evolutionary analyses, using the MCMC method implemented in the BEAST package. A 3D structure was built using protein modeling. Results Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a predominance of genotype GII.4 (52.4% - 99/189), variants New Orleans_2009 and Sydney_2012 followed by GII.P7/GII.6 with 6.3% (12/189). Amino acid analyses of the GII.4 strains showed several important amino acid changes. A higher evolutionary rate was found, 7.7 × 10− 3 in the Sydney variant and 6.3 × 10− 3 in the New Orleans. Based in evolutionary analysis the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) has been calculated as estimates of the population divergence time. Thus, TMRCA for New Orleans and Sydney variant were 2008.7 and 2010.7, respectively. Also, we observed a lineage of transition between New Orleans and Sydney. Conclusion This study describes the different strains of norovirus isolated from Amazonas state in Brazil during a five-year period. Considering that NoV are capable of changing their antigenic epitopes rapidly, a continuous surveillance is important to monitor the occurrence and changes of the NoV in the community through epidemiological studies. These results contribute to the understanding of NoV molecular epidemiology and its evolutionary dynamics in Amazonas state, Brazil

Análise de recombinantes de norovírus incomuns de Manaus, Amazon região, Brasil: GII. P22 / GII. 5, GII. P7 / GII. 6 e GII. Pg / GII. 1

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for outbreaks and sporadic cases of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The virus consists of small round particles containing a single-stranded RNA genome that is divided into three Open Reading Frames. NoV evolves via mechanisms of antigenic drift and recombination, which lead to the emergence of new strains that are capable of causing global epidemics. Recombination usually occurs in the ORF1/ORF2 overlapping region and generates strains with different genotypes in the polymerase and capsid region. The primary objective of this study was to analyze recombination in positive-NoV samples. Specimens were collected during 2011, 2012 and 2014, from children under two years of age presenting gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. The partial polymerase (B region), capsid (D region) genes and the ORF1-ORF2 overlap regions were sequenced in each sample. The recombinant analyses were performed in the Simplot software v.3.5.1 and RDP4 Beta v. 4.6 program. These analyses showed that GII.Pg/GII.1, GII.P7/GII.6, and GII.P22/GII.5 were recombinant strains. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the GII.P22/GII.5 and GII.Pg/GII.1 strains were described in South America and the GII.P7/GII.6 was detected in Northern of Brazil

Detection of the pandemic norovirus variant GII.4 Sydney 2012 in Rio Branco, state of Acre, northern Brazil

Noroviruses (NoVs) are important cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Genotype GII.4 is responsible for the majority of outbreaks reported to date. This study describes, for the first time in Brazil, the circulation of NoV GII.4 variant Sydney 2012 in faecal samples collected from children aged less than or equal to eight years in Rio Branco, state of Acre, northern Brazil, during July-September 2012

Astrovírus infection in hospitalized children: molecular, clinical and epidemiological features

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Background: Astrovirus (HAstV) is a common viral pathogen that causes gastroenteritis worldwide. It is classified into eight classical human types (HAstV-1/8) and seven other less prevalent types, described as HAstV VA1, VA2, VA3, VA4, MLB-1, MLB-2 and MLB-3. During outbreaks, the elderly and children are the most affected, and the spread of the virus is associated with person-to-person contact, food ingestion and contaminated water. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of infection and genetic diversity of HAstV strains. Samples were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to a large pediatric hospital during a surveillance period of three years (2008–2011) in Belém city, Pará State, Amazon Region, Northern Brazil. Study design: Screening and genotyping tests were conducted using RT-PCR to detect the classical and non-classical HAstV types using specific primers. A semi-nested RT-PCR protocol was developed to improve viral detection in samples with a low viral load. Results: The overall positivity observed in this study was 3.9% (19/483). The age distribution showed a high prevalence of positive cases in children under one year old (5.3%). We found vomiting associated with 75% of the positive cases, fever with 82.3%, and dehydration with 76.9%. Most patients with positive cases demonstrated two to five days of diarrhea, two to three episodes of vomiting during hospitalization, and three bowel movements per day. Co-infection with HAstV and norovirus was observed in three cases (15.8%), and no pattern of seasonality or any relationship between the HAstV positivity rate and climate variables was observed. Eighteen positive samples (94.7%–18/19) were genotyped based on the ORF 2 region, and the greatest prevalence was of HAstV-1a (66.6%–12/18), followed by HAstV-2 (22.2%–4/18, comprising two type-2b and two type-2c genotypes), HAstV-3c (5.6%–1/18) and HAstV-4c (5.6%–1/18). No non-classical types were detected in the clinical samples analyzed. Conclusions: The present study showed that although HAstV infections occur at low frequency, they are involved in severe pediatric cases of acute gastroenteritis presenting with a high diversity of strains, including the lineages 3c and 4c, which were never before detected in Brazil

Norovirus RNA in serum associated with increased fecal viral load in children: Detection, quantification and molecular analysis.

Worldwide, norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) responsible for pandemics every ~3 years, and over 200,000 deaths per year, with the majority in children from developing countries. We investigate the incidence of NoV in children hospitalized with AGE from Belém, Pará, Brazil, and also correlated viral RNA levels in their blood and stool with clinical severity. For this purpose, paired stool and serum samples were collected from 445 pediatric patients, ≤9 years between March 2012 and June 2015. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) was used to detect NoV in stool and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) used to quantify NoV RNA levels in sera (RNAemia) and in the positive stool. Positives samples were characterized by the partial ORF1/2 region sequence of viral genome. NoV antigen was detected in 24.3% (108/445) of stool samples, with RNAemia also present in 20.4% (22/108). RNAemia and a high stool viral load (>107 genome copies/gram of faeces) were associated with longer hospitalizations. The prevalent genotypes were GII.4 Sydney_2012 (71.6%-58/81) and New Orleans_2009 (6.2%-5/81) variants. Eight other genotypes belonging to GII were detected and four of them were recombinant strains. All sera were characterized as GII.4 and shared 100% similarity with their stool. The results suggest that the dissemination of NoV to the blood stream is not uncommon and may be related to increased faecal viral loads and disease severity

SAPOVIRUSES IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS FROM MANAUS , AMAZON REGION, BRAZIL, 2010-2011

SUMMARY Sapoviruses (SaVs) are responsible for acute gastroenteritis in humans, especially children and the elderly. In Brazil, data on SaVs infections are very limited, especially in Northern Brazil. Here, we investigated the occurrence of SaVs in samples from hospitalized children under ten years old that presented acute gastroenteritis. Positive samples were genotyped and phylogenetic analysis was performed using prototype strains sequences obtained from GenBank database. In total, 156 fecal samples were screened by RT-PCR for SaVs. A positivity rate of 3.8% (6/156) was found in children under three years of age. Four genotypes were detected: GI.I, GI.2 and GII.2?-GII.4?/GII.4, suggesting a possible inter-genotypes recombination. Most infections (83.3%) occurred between August and September. The positivity was similar to that found in other countries and genotyping demonstrated the presence of distinct genotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the circulation of SaVs in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Amazon region, Brazil