ESTRATÉGIAS DE COMBATE À DENGUE ATRAVÉS DA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

This study aimed to analyze, in the literature, what health education strategies are being used to control / combat dengue in Brazil. This is an integrative review developed in databases MEDLINE and LILACS and libraries SciELO and Cochrane, through crossing descriptors Dengue and Health Education. It was found five publications, of which emerged two thematic categories: Models and strategies used in health education and Problems identified in the process of health education. Programs to combat dengue present a model of verticalized, traditional, centered on the transmitter education, which uses unattractive strategies, with the need for changes in current education practices, replacing them with a way that promotes community participation. The articles presented as solution to the failures of the health education the development of strategies that prioritize popular participation and promote integral care.  Descriptors: Dengue; Health Education; Public Health.Este estudo objetivou analisar, na literatura, quais estratégias de educação em saúde estão sendo utilizadas para controle/combate da dengue no Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS e bibliotecas SCIELO e COCHRANE, por meio do cruzamento dos descritores Dengue e Educação em Saúde. Encontraram-se cinco publicações, das quais emergiram duas categorias temáticas: Modelos e estratégias usados na educação em saúde e Problemas identificados no processo de educação em saúde. Os programas de combate a dengue apresentam um modelo de educação verticalizada, tradicional, centrada no emissor, que utiliza estratégias pouco atrativas, havendo necessidade de mudanças nas práticas de educação vigentes, substituindo-as por uma forma que promova a participação comunitária. Os artigos apresentaram como solução para as falhas da educação em saúde o desenvolvimento de estratégias que priorizem a participação popular e que promovam um cuidado integral. Descritores: Dengue; Educação em Saúde; Saúde Pública

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of aqueous extracts of Cucurbita pepo L.

Introduction: Cucurbita pepo L. is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. The species is popularly used in differentcountries for the treatment of diabetes and parasitic diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilmpotential of aqueous extracts of leaves and seeds of C. pepo. Methodology: the extracts were tested in vitro against strains ofStreptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and Candida krusei. The antimicrobial activity was performed by the microtiter method andthe antibiofilm activity by the violet crystal method. Results: the results demonstrated that the extracts tested showed antibacterialand antibiofilm actions against S. pyogenes, but it was not possible to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Theextracts inhibited the growth of C. albicans and C. krusei with MIC of 0.03 mg/mL. The antibiofilm activity of these species did notpresent either a dose dependence relationship or a synergistic effect when associated with the antifungal Fluconazole®. Conclusion:although there are indications of antimicrobial and inhibitory action in the formation of biofilm, additional studies are necessary tocharacterize the possible pharmacological effects of the analyzed speci

TOXICOLOGICAL TESTING OF BARKS FROM CROTON RHAMNIFOLIOIDES (EUPHORBIACEAE)

Objective: The present study aimed to study the phytochemical screening of stem bark of C. rhamnifolioides and evaluate the toxicological potential of Artemia salina.Methods: Barks were subjected to methanol extraction at room temperature and, subsequently, a preliminary phytochemical study was conducted. The methanol extract at concentrations of 500, 250 and 125 mg/ml was investigated in the toxicological study through the A. salina method.Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of secondary metabolites: alkaloids, triterpenes and flavonoids. The methanol extract showed a LC50 of 486.59 µg/ml, with a moderate toxicity, in which viable LC50 were 27.5, 82.5 and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: This study may contribute to the knowledge of this species' toxicity, inform the public on the proper use of herbal and natural medicines and assist in the cataloging of information on plants used in popular medicine.Â

HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN KIDNEY TISSUE OF MICE TREATED WITH INDIGOFERA SUFFRUTICOSA MILL

Objective: To investigate by histomorphometry the effect of aqueous extract of Indigofera suffruticosa leaves on proximal convoluted tubules and renal corpuscles of mice with sarcoma 180.Methods: Male swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) with 60 days of age were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals: Group 1-sarcoma 180 treated with aqueous extract (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i. p.)), Group 2-sarcoma 180 treated with saline solution (15 ml/kg, i. p.) and Group 3–without sarcoma 180 treated with saline (15 ml/kg, i. p.). After 48 hours of tumor implantation, the treatment was initiated during 7 days. Histomorphometric analysis of kidney tissue was performed using IMAGEJ software.Results: Antitumoral treatment with aqueous extract of I. suffruticosa leaves at a dose of 50 mg/kg has not caused mice renal tissue histological changes.Conclusion: After treatment with aqueous extract of leaves of I. suffruticosa, renal architecture was preserved, suggesting its safety use as an antitumor agent.Â

Desafios do financiamento da atenção primária à saúde: revisão integrativa

Objective: To evaluate the way Primary Health Care financing occurs in Brazil, reflecting on the existing advances and obstacles. Method: This is an integrative review carried out in the period of June and July 2016. The search was conducted in the electronic databases Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME) database and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using as descriptors "primary health care" and "financing". The eligibility criteria of the study were Brazilian scientific articles, indexed in the period from 1994 to 2016, written in English, Portuguese or Spanish, and being available in full text. Publications in the thesis, dissertation and book chapter format, those not related to the research topic, as well as those dealing with studies on PHC financing carried out outside Brazil, were excluded. Results: The search resulted in 290 publications. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were obtained, from which two thematic categories emerged: "Underfinancing: a challenge for PHC" and "Decentralization and obstacles to PHC financing". Conclusion: The findings of this review identified different obstacles to the financing and establishment of policies for the improvement of primary health care in the country, pointing out that transfers and allocations of resources should be analyzed in a more discerning and reflective manner. The articles examined present as the main problems faced in financing: insufficient funds, the need to establish clearer parameters for intergovernmental transfers, the development of a management that understands and interact with the local difficulties, and the greater autonomy of the municipalities in setting priorities in counterpart to financing directed at specific programs.Objetivo: Evaluar cómo se da la financiación de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) en Brasil con una reflexión sobre los avances y las trabas existentes. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa realizada entre junio y julio de 2016. La búsqueda de los estudios fue realizada en las bases de datos electrónicas: Centro Latino-Americano y del Caribe de Información e Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME)y en la Biblioteca Virtual Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) utilizándose los descriptores de asunto “primary health care” y “financing”. Los criterios de elegibilidad del estudio fueron artículos científicos brasileños indexados en el periodo de 1994-2016 escritos en los idiomas inglés, portugués o español y que estuvieran disponibles en texto completo. Fueron excluidas las publicaciones en el formato de tesis, los trabajos de fin de grado, los capítulos de libros y las que no tenían relación con el tema investigado así como los estudios sobre la financiación del APS realizados fuera de Brasil. Resultados: Se encontraron 290 publicaciones. Después de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se quedaron 15 artículos de los cuales emergieron dos categorías de temas: “Subfinanciación: un desafío para la APS” y “Descentralización y las trabas para la financiación de la APS”. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de esa revisión identificaron distintas trabas para la financiación y el establecimiento de políticas de fortalecimiento de la atención primaria del país evidenciando que los repases y los destinos de los recursos deben ser analizados con más criterios y reflexiones. Los artículos evaluados presentan los siguientes problemas principales afrontados para la financiación: las verbas insuficientes, la necesidad de parámetros más claros para los repases intergubernamentales, la creación de una gestión que comprenda y dialogue con las dificultades locales, una mayor autonomía de los municipios para la definición de prioridades en contrapartida para las financiaciones para el costeo de programas específicos.Objetivo: Avaliar como ocorre o financiamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, refletindo sobre os avanços e entraves existentes. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada no período de junho e julho de 2016. A busca dos estudos foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME) e na Biblioteca Virtual Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando-se como descritores de assunto “primary health care” e “financing”. Os critérios de elegibilidade do estudo foram artigos científicos brasileiros, indexados no período de 1994 a 2016, escritos nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol, e que estivessem disponíveis na íntegra. Foram excluídas as publicações no formato de tese, dissertação, capítulo de livro e as que não tinham relação com o tema da pesquisa, bem como as que tratavam de estudos sobre financiamento APS realizados fora do Brasil. Resultado: Foram encontradas 290 publicações. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se 15 artigos dos quais emergiram duas categorias temáticas: “Subfinanciamento: um desafio para a APS” e “Descentralização e os entraves no financiamento da APS”. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão identificaram diferentes entraves no financiamento e no estabelecimento de políticas de fortalecimento da atenção primária do país, evidenciando que os repasses e alocações dos recursos devem ser analisados de forma mais criteriosa e reflexiva. Os artigos avaliados apresentam como principais problemas enfrentados no financiamento: verbas insuficientes, necessidade de serem estabelecidos parâmetros mais claros para os repasses intergovernamentais, criação de uma gestão que entenda e dialogue com as dificuldades locais, e maior autonomia dos municípios na definição de prioridades em contrapartida aos financiamentos destinados ao custeio de programas específicos