Photosynthesis and production of West Indian cherry irrigated with saline waters under nitrogen/potassium fertilization

Fertilization management is a technique that has been studied for the mitigation of salt stress in plants. In this perspective, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of combinations of potassium and nitrogen fertilization on the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic efficiency, and production of the West Indian cherry irrigated with waters of different salinities, between 420 and 550 days after transplanting. The experiment was conducted in an open field at the Center of Sciences and Agrifood Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, using 60 L lysimeters, in a randomized block design with a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to five salinity levels of the irrigation water – ECw (0.3; 1.3; 2.3; 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O; C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O; C3 = 130% N + 100% K2O, and C4 = 160% N + 125% K2O) of the dose recommended for the West Indian cherry, with three replications and one plant per plot. The cv. Flor Branca was studied through its grafting on a rootstock of the cv. Junco. The irrigation with ECw above 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the contents of chlorophyll a and b in the leaves, the photochemical efficiency, CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, instantaneous water-use efficiency, and the number of fruits per plant. The combined fertilization with 70% of N + 50% of K2O increased the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and the number of fruits per plant, as well as mitigated the deleterious effects of water salinity on the production per plant up to the ECw of 2.3 dS m-1, which revealed to be the most adequate combination for West Indian cherry fertilization.Fertilization management is a technique that has been studied for the mitigation of salt stress in plants. In this perspective, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of combinations of potassium and nitrogen fertilization on the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic efficiency, and production of the West Indian cherry irrigated with waters of different salinities, between 420 and 550 days after transplanting. The experiment was conducted in an open field at the Center of Sciences and Agrifood Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, using 60 L lysimeters, in a randomized block design with a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to five salinity levels of the irrigation water – ECw (0.3; 1.3; 2.3; 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O; C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O; C3 = 130% N + 100% K2O, and C4 = 160% N + 125% K2O) of the dose recommended for the West Indian cherry, with three replications and one plant per plot. The cv. Flor Branca was studied through its grafting on a rootstock of the cv. Junco. The irrigation with ECw above 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the contents of chlorophyll a and b in the leaves, the photochemical efficiency, CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, instantaneous water-use efficiency, and the number of fruits per plant. The combined fertilization with 70% of N + 50% of K2O increased the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and the number of fruits per plant, as well as mitigated the deleterious effects of water salinity on the production per plant up to the ECw of 2.3 dS m-1, which revealed to be the most adequate combination for West Indian cherry fertilization

JAGUARY MINEIRO - USOS DO SOLO E IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS

The knowledge of the socioenvironmental reality is essential for the development of proposals and actions in areas exposed to the degradation of their natural aspects. This study aims to analyze the diverse economic activities that occur in the portion of the Jaguary River Watershed located in the State of Minas Gerais and its main socioenvironmental impacts. The methodology involved a survey of the reality of the Camanducaia, Extrema and Itapeva municipalities, where the main tributaries of the watershed studied are located, aiming to highlight the current trends of land use and their main impacts, and the analysis of impacts used the "Scale of Environmental Quality, for a non qualitative factor". It was observed that the growing process of urbanization and industrialization, the expansion of monocultures, farming practice without adequate management, lack of proper tourism planning and the precarious conditions of sanitation are the main responsible for the degradation of natural resources in the studied area. Key words: Land Use. Socioenvironmental Impact. Environmental Analysis. Jaguary River Watershed. Environmental Planning. Fernão Dias Environmental Protected Area. OLAM – Ciência & Tecnologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil – eISSN: 1982-7784 Rio Claro / SP, Brasil Ano VIII, Vol. 8, N.3, Julho – Dezembro / 2008 – RESUMOSO conhecimento da realidade socioambiental é essencial para a elaboração de propostas e ações em áreas expostas à degradação de aspectos naturais. Este trabalho caracterizou as atividades antrópicas que ocorrem na porção mineira da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Jaguary e seus principais impactos socioambientais. A metodologia utilizada envolveu um levantamento da realidade dos municípios de Camanducaia, Extrema e Itapeva, onde se encontram os principais afluentes mineiros da bacia estudada, a partir de uma caracterização das tendências atuais do uso e ocupação do solo e os principais impactos decorrentes, sendo que a análise de impactos ocorreu a partir da “Escala de Qualidade Ambiental, para fator não quantitativo”. Observou-se que o crescente processo de urbanização e industrialização, a expansão de monoculturas, de práticas agropastoris sem manejo adequado, a falta de planejamento turístico adequado e as precárias condições de saneamento básico são os principais responsáveis pela degradação dos recursos naturais na região. Palavras-chave: Usos do solo. Impacto socioambiental. Análise Ambiental. Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Jaguary. Planejamento Ambiental. APA Fernão Dias. Abstract The knowledge of the socioenvironmental reality is essential for the development of proposals and actions in areas exposed to the degradation of their natural aspects. This study aims to analyze the diverse economic activities that occur in the portion of the Jaguary River Watershed located in the State of Minas Gerais and its main socioenvironmental impacts. The methodology involved a survey of the reality of the Camanducaia, Extrema and Itapeva municipalities, where the main tributaries of the watershed studied are located, aiming to highlight the current trends of land use and their main impacts, and the analysis of impacts used the "Scale of Environmental Quality, for a non qualitative factor". It was observed that the growing process of urbanization and industrialization, the expansion of monocultures, farming practice without adequate management, lack of proper tourism planning and the precarious conditions of sanitation are the main responsible for the degradation of natural resources in the studied area. Key words: Land Use. Socioenvironmental Impact. Environmental Analysis. Jaguary River Watershed. Environmental Planning. Fernão Dias Environmental Protected Area. OLAM – Ciência & Tecnologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil – eISSN: 1982-7784 Rio Claro / SP, Brasil Ano VIII, Vol. 8, N.3, Julho – Dezembro / 2008 – RESUMO/ABSTRAC

Idosos e exercício físico: a aderência da prática como fator predominante para o wellness

Este trabajo es fruto de una revisión de la literatura existente que conlleva algunas cuestiones para ser presentadas y problemáticas, como la prescripción de ejercicio, alteraciones fisiológicas durante el proceso de envejecimiento, calidad de vida y salud de la población mayor. Con el transcurso de los años es posible notar en el cuerpo humano diversas alteraciones en la estructura corporal, como el envejecimiento del tejido, la reducción de la masa muscular, fuerza, flexibilidad, equilibrio, coordinación motora limitada, entre otros fenómenos. Sin embargo, con la adhesión a alguna práctica deportiva es posible reducir mucho las consecuencias del envejecimiento, actuando como factor preventivo de innumerables patologías que pueden tornarse más frecuentes por la inactividad física. Desde esta perspectiva, es imprescindible disponer como foco de un programa de ejercicios bien orientado, organizado y que dé énfasis de forma cualitativa a los objetivos de los sujetos, detallando cualquiera que sea la idea de que sólo se logran resultados significativos por mera coincidencia. Objetivo: Discutir y reflexionar sobre la elaboración de ejercicios para personas mayores, considerando la adhesión a la práctica de la actividad física como factor que pueda ser predominante para el wellness (bienestar total).This work is the result of a review of the existing literature that involves some issues to be presented and problems, such as the prescription of exercise, physiological changes during the aging process, quality of life and health of the elderly population. Over the years it is possible to notice in the human body various alterations in the body structure, such as the aging of the tissue, the reduction of muscle mass, strength, flexibility, balance, limited motor coordination, among other phenomena. However, with the adherence to some sport practice it is possible to reduce a lot the consequences of aging, acting as a preventive factor of innumerable pathologies that can become more frequent due to physical inactivity. From this perspective, it is essential to have as a focus of a well-oriented, organized program that emphasizes qualitatively the objectives of the subjects, detailing whatever the idea that only significant results are achieved by mere coincidence. Objective: Discuss and reflect on the development of exercises for older people, considering adherence to the practice of physical activity as a factor that may be predominant for wellness (total well-being).Este trabalho é fruto de uma revisão de literatura que traz algumas questões a serem apresentadas e problematizadas, como a prescrição de exercício, alterações fisiológicas durante o processo de envelhecimento, qualidade de vida e saúde do público idoso. Com o decorrer dos anos é possível notar no corpo humano diversas alterações na estrutura corporal, como o envelhecimento tecidual, a redução da massa muscular, força, flexibilidade, equilíbrio, coordenação motora limitada, entre outros fenômenos. Contudo, com a aderência em alguma prática desportiva é possível reduzir muito as consequências advindas do envelhecimento, atuando como fator preventivo a inúmeras patologias que podem se tornar mais frequentes pela inatividade física. Nessa perspectiva, é imprescindível ter como foco um programa de exercícios bem orientado, organizado, e que dê ênfase de forma qualitativa aos objetivos dos sujeitos, pormenorizando qualquer que seja a ideia de que só consegue resultados significativos por mera coincidência. Objetivo: Discutir e refletir sobre a elaboração de exercícios para pessoas idosas, considerando a aderência da prática da atividade física como fator que possa ser predominante para o Wellness (bem estar total).peerReviewe

Idosos e exercício físico: a aderência da prática como fator predominante para o wellness

Este trabajo es fruto de una revisión de la literatura existente que conlleva algunas cuestiones para ser presentadas y problemáticas, como la prescripción de ejercicio, alteraciones fisiológicas durante el proceso de envejecimiento, calidad de vida y salud de la población mayor. Con el transcurso de los años es posible notar en el cuerpo humano diversas alteraciones en la estructura corporal, como el envejecimiento del tejido, la reducción de la masa muscular, fuerza, flexibilidad, equilibrio, coordinación motora limitada, entre otros fenómenos. Sin embargo, con la adhesión a alguna práctica deportiva es posible reducir mucho las consecuencias del envejecimiento, actuando como factor preventivo de innumerables patologías que pueden tornarse más frecuentes por la inactividad física. Desde esta perspectiva, es imprescindible disponer como foco de un programa de ejercicios bien orientado, organizado y que dé énfasis de forma cualitativa a los objetivos de los sujetos, detallando cualquiera que sea la idea de que sólo se logran resultados significativos por mera coincidencia. Objetivo: Discutir y reflexionar sobre la elaboración de ejercicios para personas mayores, considerando la adhesión a la práctica de la actividad física como factor que pueda ser predominante para el wellness (bienestar total).This work is the result of a review of the existing literature that involves some issues to be presented and problems, such as the prescription of exercise, physiological changes during the aging process, quality of life and health of the elderly population. Over the years it is possible to notice in the human body various alterations in the body structure, such as the aging of the tissue, the reduction of muscle mass, strength, flexibility, balance, limited motor coordination, among other phenomena. However, with the adherence to some sport practice it is possible to reduce a lot the consequences of aging, acting as a preventive factor of innumerable pathologies that can become more frequent due to physical inactivity. From this perspective, it is essential to have as a focus of a well-oriented, organized program that emphasizes qualitatively the objectives of the subjects, detailing whatever the idea that only significant results are achieved by mere coincidence. Objective: Discuss and reflect on the development of exercises for older people, considering adherence to the practice of physical activity as a factor that may be predominant for wellness (total well-being).Este trabalho é fruto de uma revisão de literatura que traz algumas questões a serem apresentadas e problematizadas, como a prescrição de exercício, alterações fisiológicas durante o processo de envelhecimento, qualidade de vida e saúde do público idoso. Com o decorrer dos anos é possível notar no corpo humano diversas alterações na estrutura corporal, como o envelhecimento tecidual, a redução da massa muscular, força, flexibilidade, equilíbrio, coordenação motora limitada, entre outros fenômenos. Contudo, com a aderência em alguma prática desportiva é possível reduzir muito as consequências advindas do envelhecimento, atuando como fator preventivo a inúmeras patologias que podem se tornar mais frequentes pela inatividade física. Nessa perspectiva, é imprescindível ter como foco um programa de exercícios bem orientado, organizado, e que dê ênfase de forma qualitativa aos objetivos dos sujeitos, pormenorizando qualquer que seja a ideia de que só consegue resultados significativos por mera coincidência. Objetivo: Discutir e refletir sobre a elaboração de exercícios para pessoas idosas, considerando a aderência da prática da atividade física como fator que possa ser predominante para o Wellness (bem estar total).peerReviewe

Different infective forms trigger distinct immune response in experimental Chagas disease.

Although metacyclic and blood trypomastigotes are completely functional in relation to parasite-host interaction and/or target cell invasion, they differ in the molecules present on the surface. Thus, aspects related to the variability that the forms of T. cruzi interacts with host cells may lead to fundamental implications on the immune response against this parasite and, consequently, the clinical evolution of Chagas disease. We have shown that BT infected mice presented higher levels of parasitemia during all the acute phase of infection. Moreover, the infection with either MT or BT forms resulted in increased levels of total leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes, specifically later for MT and earlier for BT. The infection with BT forms presented earlier production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and later of IFN-γ by both T cells subpopulations. This event was accompanied by an early cardiac inflammation with an exacerbation of this process at the end of the acute phase. On the other hand, infection with MT forms result in an early production of IFN-γ, with subsequent control in the production of this cytokine by IL-10, which provided to these animals an immunomodulatory profile in the end of the acute phase. These results are in agreement with what was found for cardiac inflammation where animals infected with MT forms showed intense cardiac inflammation later at infection, with a decrease in the same at the end of this phase. In summary, our findings emphasize the importance of taking into account the inoculums source of T. cruzi, since vectorial or transfusional routes of T. cruzi infection may trigger distinct parasite-host interactions during the acute phase that may influence relevant biological aspects of chronic Chagas disease

APA FERNÃO DIAS/MG - TRANSFORMAÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JAGUARY

Planning Practice is an instrument used in various spheres of research and management, such as tourism, watersheds use and conservation areas, and involves a group of methodologies and procedures that aim to organize, plan, evaluate and propose alternatives to the use of territory, considering productive activities, the planning of human settlements and the development of society, respecting the natural aspects of the land, the sustainable use of natural resources, the protection of the environment and the quality of life. In the initial stages of the process of planning it is necessary to determine various aspects of the area to be planned considering socio-economic, cultural and environmental characteristics. Within this context, a socio and environmental diagnosis was developed, characterizing the current trends of land use and their main impacts and analyzing the environmental local reality through field work, photographic records, reports and data collection in order to identify the socio-economic, cultural and natural characteristics of Camanducaia, Extrema and Itapeva municipalities, that are part of the Fernão Dias Environmental Protected Area, where the main tributaries of the Jaguary River Watershed are located. It was observed that the main social problems in this area are related to the doubling of the Fernão Dias Highway and its role in the regional dynamics and the lack of proposals for participatory environmental planning that could stimulate sustainable development actions. Key words: Social and Environmental Diagnosis. Water Resources. Jaguary River. Environmental Planning. Fernão Dias APA. Bidiversity. CLIMEP – Climatologia e Estudos da Paisagem Rio Claro – Vol.3 – n.1 – janeiro/junho/2008 – RESUMO/ABSTRACTO planejamento ambiental é um instrumento utilizado em diversas esferas de pesquisa e gestão, tais como do turismo, de bacias hidrográficas e de unidades de conservação, e que consiste em um grupo de metodologias e procedimentos que visam organizar, programar, avaliar e propor alternativas ao uso do território, considerando as atividades produtivas, o ordenamento dos assentamentos humanos e o desenvolvimento da sociedade, respeitando a vocação natural da terra, o aproveitamento sustentável dos recursos e a proteção e qualidade de vida e do meio ambiente. Para as fases iniciais do processo de planejamento ambiental faz-se necessário a determinação de vários aspectos da área de abrangência do plano, a partir do levantamento das características sócio-econômicas, culturais e ambientais. Dentro deste contexto, desenvolveu-se um diagnóstico socioambiental, caracterizando as tendências atuais de uso e ocupação do solo e seus principais impactos, a partir do levantamento da realidade ambiental através de pesquisas de campo, registros fotográficos, relatos e coleta de dados junto a diversos órgãos, de forma a identificar as características sócio-econômicas, naturais e culturais, nos municípios de Camanducaia, Extrema e Itapeva, inseridos na APA Fernão Dias, onde se encontram os principais afluentes mineiros da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Jaguary. Observou-se que os principais problemas socioambientais nesta área estão relacionados com a duplicação da Rodovia Fernão Dias e sua atuação na dinâmica regional e a falta de propostas de planejamento ambiental participativo que orientem ações sustentáveis de desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: Diagnóstico Socioambiental. Recursos Hídricos. Rio Jaguary. Planejamento Ambiental. APA Fernão Dias. Biodiversidade. Planning Practice is an instrument used in various spheres of research and management, such as tourism, watersheds use and conservation areas, and involves a group of methodologies and procedures that aim to organize, plan, evaluate and propose alternatives to the use of territory, considering productive activities, the planning of human settlements and the development of society, respecting the natural aspects of the land, the sustainable use of natural resources, the protection of the environment and the quality of life. In the initial stages of the process of planning it is necessary to determine various aspects of the area to be planned considering socio-economic, cultural and environmental characteristics. Within this context, a socio and environmental diagnosis was developed, characterizing the current trends of land use and their main impacts and analyzing the environmental local reality through field work, photographic records, reports and data collection in order to identify the socio-economic, cultural and natural characteristics of Camanducaia, Extrema and Itapeva municipalities, that are part of the Fernão Dias Environmental Protected Area, where the main tributaries of the Jaguary River Watershed are located. It was observed that the main social problems in this area are related to the doubling of the Fernão Dias Highway and its role in the regional dynamics and the lack of proposals for participatory environmental planning that could stimulate sustainable development actions. Key words: Social and Environmental Diagnosis. Water Resources. Jaguary River. Environmental Planning. Fernão Dias APA. Bidiversity. CLIMEP – Climatologia e Estudos da Paisagem Rio Claro – Vol.3 – n.1 – janeiro/junho/2008 – RESUMO/ABSTRAC

Incidence of Begomovirus and Crinivirus in tomato and potato crops in Paraná State, Brazil

ABSTRACT: In the last decades, the high incidence of viruses transmitted by whiteflies has become a problem in the tomato fields, threatening, more recently, the potato crops. The present study carried out a survey of begomoviruses and criniviruses in tomato and potato crops, from 2015 to 2018, in the municipalities of Araucária, Campo do Tenente, Campo Largo, Contenda, Lapa, Faxinal, Morretes, Reserva, Castro, Palmeira and São Mateus do Sul, in Paraná State, Brazil. Total DNA and RNA from leaves were extracted and used as templates to detect, respectively, begomoviruses by PCR and criniviruses by RT-PCR. Out of 215 tomato samples, 14 from Faxinal were infected by crinivirus. The other tomato samples and 243 potato samples showed negative results for begomovirus and crinivirus. Results indicated a low incidence (6.5%) of crinivirus infecting tomato crops in Paraná State, and the nucleotide sequence of one amplified fragment shared 99.71% identity with tomato chlorotic virus (ToCV)