Percepção Visual no Tremor Essencial: Uma Revisão Sistemática

It was investigated whether essential tremor (ET) patients would exhibit visual impairments. Studies published in the following databases were reviewed: PubMed, BIREME, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SciELO, SCOPUS, and ELSEVIER, from inception to January 05th, 2017. Two independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and assessment of the data. The NIH assessment tools used to assess study quality. Out of 132 references, 12 were selected according to the eligibility criteria. Results indicated that ET patients have lower visual sensitivity when compared to control groups. There was no significant evidence for color vision impairment. Despite the findings for heterogeneity, visual impairments in ET patients were observed, and these may be one of the main non-motor clinical characteristics.Investigou-se a relação entre percepção visual e tremor essencial (TE). Realizou-se uma revisão dos estudos publicados sobre o tema nas bases de dados PubMed, BIREME, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SciELO, SCOPUS e ELSEVIER desde a origem até 05 de janeiro de 2017. A triagem, extração de dados e avaliação foram realizadas por dois revisores. Para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos utilizou-se as diretrizes do National Institutes of Health (NIH). De 132 estudos potencialmente elegíveis, 12 foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados indicaram que pessoas com TE apresentam baixa sensibilidade visual quando comparados com indivíduos saudáveis, apesar de não apresentarem prejuízos na visão de cores. Apesar da heterogeneidade dos dados, observamos que existem prejuízos visuais em pessoas com TE e estes podem ser uma das principais características clínicas não-motoras

Neuroprotective effects of resistance physical exercise on the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

IntroductionPhysical exercise has beneficial effects by providing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory responses to AD. Most studies, however, have been conducted with aerobic exercises, and few have investigated the effects of other modalities that also show positive effects on AD, such as resistance exercise (RE). In addition to its benefits in developing muscle strength, balance and muscular endurance favoring improvements in the quality of life of the elderly, RE reduces amyloid load and local inflammation, promotes memory and cognitive improvements, and protects the cortex and hippocampus from the degeneration that occurs in AD. Similar to AD patients, double-transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice exhibit Αβ plaques in the cortex and hippocampus, hyperlocomotion, memory deficits, and exacerbated inflammatory response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of RE intermittent training on the prevention and recovery from these AD-related neuropathological conditions in APP/PS1 mice.MethodsFor this purpose, 6-7-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and their littermates, negative for the mutations (CTRL), were distributed into three groups: CTRL, APP/PS1, APP/PS1+RE. RE training lasted four weeks and, at the end of the program, the animals were tested in the open field test for locomotor activity and in the object recognition test for recognition memory evaluation. The brains were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of Aβ plaques and microglia, and blood was collected for plasma corticosterone by ELISA assay.ResultsAPP/PS1 transgenic sedentary mice showed increased hippocampal Aβ plaques and higher plasma corticosterone levels, as well as hyperlocomotion and reduced central crossings in the open field test, compared to APP/PS1 exercised and control animals. The intermittent program of RE was able to recover the behavioral, corticosterone and Aβ alterations to the CTRL levels. In addition, the RE protocol increased the number of microglial cells in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Despite these alterations, no memory impairment was observed in APP/PS1 mice in the novel object recognition test.DiscussionAltogether, the present results suggest that RE plays a role in alleviating AD symptoms, and highlight the beneficial effects of RE training as a complementary treatment for AD

Complicações locais e sistêmicas em pacientes pós-angioplastia coronariana transluminal percutânea primária

Objetivo: descrever as principais complicações pós-angioplastia primária em um hospital universitário. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com análise documental de registros de 78 pacientes submetidos à angioplastia primária. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a novembro de 2020, em prontuários impressos, através de instrumento previamente elaborado. A análise foi por estatística descritiva. Resultados: predomínio de idosos, com média de 60,7 anos, do sexo masculino (76%), hipertensos (67,9%) e tabagistas (35,9%). As principais complicações encontradas foram hematoma (17,9%), nefropatia induzida por contraste (12,8%) e retenção urinária (5,1%). Os eventos cardíacos adversos maiores mais prevalentes foram reestenose coronariana (7,7%), óbito cardíaco (3,8%), infarto agudo do miocárdio (1,3%) e cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio de urgência (1,3%). Conclusões: a identificação das complicações pós-angioplastia primária pode ofertar subsídios para qualificar o cuidado através da criação de protocolos de prevenção e intervenção precoce aos eventos adversos aos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento

一九四八年至一九七八年南非的外交政策

外交是內政的延長，一國的政治與社會結構往往影響一國的外交政策。南非自一九四八年國民黨執政以來，力行種族隔離政策。在國際上處於孤立地立。南非的外交政策可以說是是設法為其內政上的種族隔離政策作辯護，以對抗世界各地的壓力，尤其是亞非國家。南非社會結構及國內政策與外交政策有極密切的關聯，是其他國家所不能相比的。本論文共有六章廿一節，在研究方法上，採取敘述與分析並重之原則。以時間作段落，從敘述中明瞭問題之縱切面，從分析中窺探問題之橫切面。第一章說明南非外交政策的政治與社會背景，對種族隔離政策，南非戰略地位與經濟資源，以及影響外交政策的因素作一般敘述。第二章是國民黨執政以後，確立了反共與親西方政策，而其種族隔離政策在聯合國內開漿受型到譴責。第三章分析南非在國際上日益孤立之際以及非殖民化過程中，南非以擴軍與發展經濟來渡過難關。第四章就伏斯特總理執政後，在外交上採取主動推行向外看政策，期獲黑人非洲國家友誼，以突破外交困境。第五章分析當代西方國家及蘇俄對南非之政策以及聯合國的武器禁運措施對南非之影響。第六章結論，描述擬議中的南非新憲法草案，以及展望種族隔離政策及其外交政策之目標