Influence of CYP19A1 gene expression levels in women with breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm in women and is considered a multifactorial disease of unknown etiology. One of the major risk factors is genetic alteration. Changes in CYP19A1 gene expression levels have been associated with increased risk and increased aggressiveness of breast cancer. Increased CYP19A1 gene expression and/or aromatase activity are among the major regulatory events for intratumoral production of estrogens in breast malignant tissues. This systematic review aimed to investigate the influence of CYP19A1 gene expression levels in women with breast cancer. The research was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Searches were conducted between February 2 and May 15, 2019. Inclusion criteria were studies published between 2009 and 2019, English language publications, and human studies addressing the gene expression of CYP19A1 in breast cancer. A total of 6.068 studies were identified through PubMed (n=773), Scopus (n=2,927), and the Web of Science (n=2,368). After selecting and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six articles were included in this systematic review. This systematic review provides evidence that increased or decreased levels of CYP19A1 gene expression may be related to pathological clinical factors of disease, MFS, OS, DFS, WATi, markers of metabolic function, concentrations of E1, FSH, and in the use of multiple exons 1 of the CYP19A1 gene in breast cancer

Contribuições da fisioterapia para educação em saúde e grupo de autocuidado em hanseníase:: relato de experiência

A hanseníase, doença infectocontagiosa de evolução lenta, manifesta-se por sinais e sintomas dermatoneurológicos, comprometendo a capacidade de sentir dor, a visão e o tato. A prevenção, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento são ações prioritárias para bloquear a transmissão e reduzir incapacidades. Objetiva-se apresentar ações de educação em saúde desenvolvidas pela fisioterapia com o grupo de autocuidado em centro de referência no tratamento da hanseníase em Teresina. Trata-se de relato de experiência vivida durante estágio em Fisioterapia Comunitária, em um centro de referência no tratamento da hanseníase, em fevereiro/março de 2014. Compareceram a reunião 10 participantes, aos quais foram apresentadas orientações de cuidados gerais e demonstrados exercícios para prevenir ou retardar a instalação de deformidades e incapacidades. Também foi apresentada uma prancha de sensibilidade, confeccionada a fim de instrumentar o trabalho da sensibilidade no atendimento realizado no centro. Por fim, foi distribuído folder ilustrado, para facilitar a realização diária dos exercícios. A experiência propiciou novos encontros do grupo. Foram notórias a receptividade e participação do público e dos demais profissionais integrantes da equipe. Ações desta natureza são importantes não só para estímulo ao cuidado, mas também para desconstrução do estigma que cerca esta população

Effects of anastrozole on Ki-67 antigen expression in the vaginal epithelium of female rats in persistent estrus

OBJECTIVES: Aromatase inhibitors are the first-choice drugs for the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer. However, in addition to the scarcity of studies, there are controversies about their effects on vaginal epithelial cell proliferation in rats, especially those in persistent estrus. METHODS: To investigate vaginal epithelial cell proliferation by Ki-67 antigen expression, persistent estrus was induced in 42 randomly selected rats. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: group I (control, n=21), which received 0.1 mL of propylene glycol (vehicle) daily, and group II (experimental, n=21), which received 0.5 mg/kg or 0.125 mg/day of anastrozole diluted with 0.1 mL of propylene glycol. RESULTS: Light microscopy showed a higher concentration of cells with brown Ki-67 stained nuclei in the control compared to the experimental group. The mean percentage of Ki-67 stained nuclei per 500 cells in the vaginal epithelium was 68.64±2.64 and 30.46±2.00 [mean±standard error of the mean (SEM)] in the control and experimental groups, respectively (po0.003). CONCLUSION: This study showed that anastrozole, at the dose and treatment duration selected, significantly decreased cell proliferation in the vaginal mucosa of the rats in persistent estrus

Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in astrocytomas: a literature review

Gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system neoplasm. Astrocytomas are the most prevalent type of glioma and these tumors may be influenced by sex steroid hormones. A literature review for the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in astrocytomas was conducted in the PubMed database using the following MeSH terms: “estrogen receptor beta” OR “estrogen receptor alpha” OR “estrogen receptor antagonists” OR “progesterone receptors” OR “astrocytoma” OR “glioma” OR “glioblastoma”. Among the 111 articles identified, 13 studies met our inclusion criteria. The majority of reports showed the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in astrocytomas. Overall, higher tumor grades were associated with decreased estrogen receptor expression and increased progesterone receptor expression

Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Carbopol gel formulations containing pilocarpine on the morphology and morphometry of the vaginal epithelium of castrated rats. METHODS: Thirty-one female Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control Groups I (n=7, rats in persistent estrus; positive controls) and II (n=7, castrated rats, negative controls) and the experimental Groups, III (n=8) and IV (n=9). Persistent estrus (Group I) was achieved with a subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate on the second postnatal day. At 90 days postnatal, rats in Groups II, III and IV were castrated and treated vaginally for 14 days with Carbopol gel (vehicle alone) or Carbopol gel containing 5% and 15% pilocarpine, respectively. Next, all of the animals were euthanized and their vaginas were removed for histological evaluation. A non-parametric test with a weighted linear regression model was used for data analysis (

Contribuições da fisioterapia para educação em saúde e grupo de autocuidado em hanseníase: relato de experiência

A hanseníase, doença infectocontagiosa de evolução lenta, manifesta-se por sinais e sintomas dermatoneurológicos, comprometendo a capacidade de sentir dor, a visão e o tato. A prevenção, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento são ações prioritárias para bloquear a transmissão e reduzir incapacidades. Objetiva-se apresentar ações de educação em saúde desenvolvidas pela fisioterapia com o grupo de autocuidado em centro de referência no tratamento da hanseníase em Teresina. Trata-se de relato de experiência vivida durante estágio em Fisioterapia Comunitária, em um centro de referência no tratamento da hanseníase, em fevereiro/março de 2014. Compareceram a reunião 10 participantes, aos quais foram apresentadas orientações de cuidados gerais e demonstrados exercícios para prevenir ou retardar a instalação de deformidades e incapacidades. Também foi apresentada uma prancha de sensibilidade, confeccionada a fim de instrumentar o trabalho da sensibilidade no atendimento realizado no centro. Por fim, foi distribuído folder ilustrado, para facilitar a realização diária dos exercícios. A experiência propiciou novos encontros do grupo. Foram notórias a receptividade e participação do público e dos demais profissionais integrantes da equipe. Ações desta natureza são importantes não só para estímulo ao cuidado, mas também para desconstrução do estigma que cerca esta população

Genetic polymorphism of calcium-sensing receptor in women with breast cancer

Breast cancer is a disease of unknown etiology, whose major risk factors are genetic alterations. Polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been a focus of some recent studies, due to a probable association with breast cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness. A relationship between polymorphic rs17251221 variant of the CaSR gene, and allele G (considered a gain-of-function mutation) and breast cancer risk has been stressed, despite the paucity of studies found in the literature. The present study involved 137 women (69 women with breast cancer-caseand 68 controls without breast cancer) who had 3 ml of peripheral blood drawn for DNA study. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes by genotyping technique with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The AG genotype (rs17251221) was present in 13 women (18.84%) from the case group and in 8 (11.76%) women from the control group (p = 0.3434), while the GG genotype (rs17251221) did not occur in any group. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the AG genotype of variant rs17251221 in premenopausal case and control women (p = 0.71). There was also no statistically significant difference between postmenopausal case and control patients (p = 0.6851). In the current study, CaSR gene polymorphism of SNP variant rs17251221 did not show any statistically significant association with breast cancer, in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Univ Fed Piaui, Postgaduate Program Hlth & Sci, BR-64049550 Teresina, BrazilUniv Fed Piaui, Postgrad Program Northeast Network Biotechnol REN, BR-64049550 Teresina, BrazilUniv Fed Piaui, Natan Portella Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, BR-64001450 Teresina, BrazilState Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Stat, BR-03178200 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Mastol, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Mastol, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Evaluation of the accuracy of mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in suspect breast lesions

OBJECTIVES: In breast cancer diagnosis, mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the imaging methods most used. There is a scarcity of comparative studies that evaluate the accuracy of these methods in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the review of electronic medical records of 32 female patients who underwent breast imaging examinations at a imaging diagnostic center in Teresina, State of Piauı´, Brazil. Patients who had these three imaging methods at the time of the evaluation of the same nodule were included. The nodule must have been classified as suspect by the BI-RADSs system in at least one of the methods. Data from each method were compared with the histopathological examination. Statistical analysis used the calculation of proportions in Excel 2010. RESULTS: MMG showed 56.2%, 87.5%, 81.8%, 66.7% and 71.8% of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy, respectively. USG had 75%, 18.8%, 48%, 42.8% and 46.9% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. In turn, MRI had 100%, 50%, 66.7%, 100% and 75% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Thus, MRI and MMG were more accurate in evaluating suspicious breast lumps. MRI had a low specificity, mainly to high breast density, while MMG had also sensitivity limited due to high breast density and USG has been proven to be useful in these patients