LOS BENEFICIOS DE LA PRÁCTICA DE EJERCICIO Y EL DESEMPEÑO DEL PROFESIONAL DE LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN LA MOTIVACIÓN DE ESTUDIANTES EN EL ÁMBITO ESCOLAR

O estudo apresentado teve como proposta mostrar os desafios enfrentados pelo profissional de Educação Física quando se trata em desenvolver a disciplina com a finalidade de promoção da saúde, bem estar e habilidades psicomotoras. Desafios estes, que permeiam desde sua formação acadêmica, a conquista no mercado de trabalho, a inclusão de escolares com alguma deficiência motora, a busca de se inovar como educador para evitar evasão dos alunos nas práticas de exercícios físicos e também o preparo profissional para saber trabalhar com a heterogeneidade em educandários. A metodologia utilizada para a elaboração deste estudo, trata-se de um estudo de revisão da literatura do tipo integrativa. Para tanto os objetivos foram: apresentar os benefícios da prática de exercícios físicos no desenvolvimento psicomotor na infância e na vida adulta, além de discutir a atuação do profissional de Educação Física e a importância da capacitação desse profissional em ambiente escolar e, por fim apresentar, ainda, a importância do profissional de Educação Física na motivação dos discentes para a prática de exercícios físicos no âmbito escolar. Percebeu-se que a prática da educação física escolar traz grandes benefícios, todavia a capacitação dos profissionais deve ser continuada para a atuação no âmbito escolar.The study presented had the proposal to show the challenges faced by the Physical Education professional when it comes to developing the discipline with the purpose of promoting health, well-being and psychomotor skills. These challenges, which permeate from their academic training, achievement in the labor market, the inclusion of students with a physical disability, the search to innovate as an educator to avoid students' evasion in physical exercise practices and also the professional preparation to know to work with heterogeneity in education. The methodology used to prepare this study is an integrative literature review study. For this purpose, the objectives: to present the benefits of physical exercise practice in the psychomotor development in childhood and adult life, in addition to discussing the performance of the Physical Education professional and the importance of training this professional in the school environment and, finally, present, the importance of the Physical Education professional in motivating students to practice physical exercises in the school environment. It was noticed that the practice of physical education at school brings great benefits, however, the training of professionals must be continued to work in the school environment.El estudio presentado tuvo como propuesta mostrar los desafíos que enfrenta el profesional de Educación Física a la hora de desarrollar la disciplina con el propósito de promover la salud, el bienestar y la psicomotricidad. Estos desafíos, que permean desde su formación académica, el logro en el mercado laboral, la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad física, la búsqueda de innovar como educador para evitar la evasión de los estudiantes en las prácticas de ejercicio físico y también la preparación profesional para saber trabajar. con heterogeneidad en educación. La metodología utilizada para preparar este estudio es un estudio de revisión integradora de la literatura. Por tanto, los objetivos fueron: presentar los beneficios del ejercicio físico en el desarrollo psicomotor en la infancia y la vida adulta, además de discutir el desempeño del profesional de Educación Física y la importancia de formar a este profesional en el ámbito escolar y, finalmente, a Presentar, además, la importancia del profesional de la Educación Física para motivar a los estudiantes a practicar ejercicios físicos en el ámbito escolar. Se notó que la práctica de la educación física en la escuela trae grandes beneficios, sin embargo, se debe continuar la formación de los profesionales para que trabajen en el ámbito escolar

COMPOSTAGEM CASEIRA, REAPROVEITAMENTO E CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO DE UM EXPERIMENTO EM UMA RESIDÊNCIA NA CIDADE DE PATOS DE MINAS

Introdução: A compostagem é um processo biológico em que microrganismos decompõem a matéria orgânica em composto, adubo natural semelhante ao solo. Compostagem orgânica é a realização de reciclagem de lixos orgânicos,  ou seja restos de verduras, legumes e frutas que se transformará em um rico adubo, tanto líquido quanto sólido.Com o grande volume de lixo nas residências urbanas a compostagem caseira bem como uma alternativa  para o tratamento do lixo orgânico. A composteira doméstica é uma alternativa doméstica para decompor os alimentos, transformam os restos de frutas, legumes e verduras em um rico adubo, tanto líquido, como sólido. Diante da crescente geração de resíduos residenciais urbanos, a compostagem doméstica aparece como uma alternativa para o tratamento da fração orgânica desse material na fonte. Objetivo: Fazer uma composteira caseira com material reutilizado (baldes) seguindo modelos que tiveram sucesso, como por exemplo: Manual de Compostagem Doméstica com minhocas. Com intenção de diminuir o lixo caseiro e contribuir com o meio ambiente. Assim que houver coleta do líquido orgânico, será feita análises em laboratório da composição química pra depois ser usado como adubo orgânico. Material e Métodos: Para a Composteira caseira usou-se três baldes de plástico onde foram feitos vários furos pequenos na borda para entrada de oxigênio e furos maiores no fundo para coleta de chorume (líquido que sai do esterco) e trânsito das minhocas californianas (Eisenia fétida) de um recipiente para o outro. Colocou-se as minhocas com húmus no fundo do balde e depois os restos de verduras e frutas. Os baldes foram colocados em sobre o outro e comunicaram-se através dos furos. Ressalta-se que o objetivo de analisar o efluente liquido ainda está em análise, por este motivo não estão aqui apresentados. Conclusões: Colocou-se 400g de minhocas californianas na compositora com um litro de húmus, em seguida os restos orgânicos. No segundo dia as minhocas subiam nas laterais da composteira e morriam. Posteriormente, a composteira foi mudada de lugar e as minhocas passaram a se alimentar normalmente. Durante quinze dias consecutivos, foram colocados alimentos, depois desse tempo houve uma pausa de  três dias, ocasionando a morte das minhocas devido à queda de temperatura. Quando a composteira foi aberta tinha um forte odor, devido à sua exposição a água e ao calor. Esse processo faz com que a mistura fermentada, e causasse a alteração do pH do sistema, ocasionando a morte das minhocas. O resíduo foi descartado e a composteira lavada com água e sabão. Dessa maneira, após texto do experimento um resultado negativo diante das hipóteses e objetivos propostos. Sendo assim, uma nova metodologia será testada para que sejam feitas análises do efluente

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60&nbsp;years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death.&nbsp;The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death

ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use