Aplicações hipermídia no desenvolvimento de um ambiente sobre educação ambiental

Este trabalho tem como propósito avaliar um ambiente de apoio a um programa de ensino que tem como foco a educação ambiental, cujo protótipo é chamado Portal Reciclar, desenvolvido segundo a tecnologia de hipertexto. Na modelagem e estruturação do ambiente Reciclar foi utilizado o Hypermedia Model Technique - HMT como modelo para especificação conceitual de aplicações hipertexto. O Portal Reciclar foi avaliado pelos alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, como uma ferramenta adequada ao trabalho didático-pedagógico com o conteúdo por ele veiculado. O conteúdo é de qualidade e apresenta uma variedade de abordagens e recursos que possibilitam ampliar as aprendizagens em Química

Effect of conductivity, viscosity, and density of water-in-salt electrolytes on the electrochemical behavior of supercapacitors: Molecular dynamics simulations and: In situ characterization studies

We report here molecular dynamics simulations combined with in situ experimental studies to understand the advantages and disadvantages of replacing conventional (salt-in-water, SiWE) aqueous-based electrolytes with very concentrated (water-in-salt, WiSE) systems in supercapacitors. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the energetic, structural, and transport properties of aqueous electrolytes based on sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). Simulations covered the concentrations range of 1 mol dm-3 (1 mol kg-1) to 8 mol dm-3 (15 mol kg-1), demonstrating a significant increase in viscosity and density and reduction in ionic conductivity as the concentration reaches the WiSE conditions. A carbon-based symmetric supercapacitor filled with WiSE showed a larger electrochemical stability window (ESW), allowing to span the cell voltage and specific energy. Larger ESW values are possible due to the formation of a solvent blocking interface (SBI). The formation of ionic aggregates owing to the increasing cohesive energy in WiSE disturbs the hydrogen-bond network resulting in physicochemical changes in the bulk liquid phase. In addition, the molal ratio between water and ions is decreased, resulting in a low interaction of the water molecules with the electrode at the interface, thus inhibiting the water-splitting considerably.Fil: Da Silva, Débora A. C.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Pinzón, Manuel J.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Messias Da Silva, Andresa. Universidad Federal do Abc; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Fileti, Eudes E.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Pascon, Aline. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Franco, Débora V.. University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri's Valley; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Leonardo Morais. University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri's Valley; BrasilFil: Zanin, Hudson G.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasi

The P450 oxidoreductase, RedA, controls development beyond the mound stage in Dictyostelium discoideum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>NADPH-cytochrome-P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) is a ubiquitous enzyme that belongs to a family of diflavin oxidoreductases and is required for activity of the microsomal cytochrome-P450 monooxygenase system. CPR gene-disruption experiments have demonstrated that absence of this enzyme causes developmental defects both in mouse and insect.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Annotation of the sequenced genome of <it>D. discoideum </it>revealed the presence of three genes (<it>redA</it>, <it>redB </it>and <it>redC</it>) that encode putative members of the diflavin oxidoreductase protein family. <it>redA </it>transcripts are present during growth and early development but then decline, reaching undetectable levels after the mound stage. <it>redB </it>transcripts are present in the same levels during growth and development while <it>redC </it>expression was detected only in vegetative growing cells. We isolated a mutant strain of <it>Dictyostelium discoideum </it>following restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) mutagenesis in which <it>redA </it>was disrupted. This mutant develops only to the mound stage and accumulates a bright yellow pigment. The mound-arrest phenotype is cell-autonomous suggesting that the defect occurs within the cells rather than in intercellular signaling.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The developmental arrest due to disruption of <it>redA </it>implicates CPR in the metabolism of compounds that control cell differentiation.</p

Vertical accretion rates of mangroves in northeast Brazil:Implications for future responses and management

Northeast (NE) Brazil has a semi-arid climate and low plant diversity mangroves confined to estuaries influenced by a meso-tidal regime (∼2.5 m). Whilst these mangroves are protected by state and federal legislation, large areas have been lost to urban encroachment and shrimp farms, a situation continuing today. This work discusses the potential impacts of sea level rise on mangroves in three estuaries in NE Brazil. The three sites witness decreasing annual precipitation associated with global climate change, which will have the dual effect of increasing water and salinity stress, decreasing productivity, as well as reducing inputs of allochthonous fluvial material. Simultaneously, since the 1990's local sea level rise (3.5 mm/yr) has been greater than the global average (3.2 mm/yr). Average accretion rates, derived from 137Cs and 210Pb dating in fringing mangroves in this study, are likely to be insufficient to maintain surface elevation and keep pace with sea level rise. Notwithstanding, historical data suggest that there has been no recorded mangrove loss as a result of sea level rise and in some areas a recorded gain in the upper estuarine mangrove reaches. At present there are limited inputs from the watershed in all three estuaries, mostly due to decreasing annual rainfall and river damming, limiting the transport capacity and hampering the export of sediments to the fringing mangroves and the sea and limiting the ability of the fringing mangroves to respond to sea level rise. However, this has been suggested to result in the accumulation of soils along river margins further upstream forming new islands and potentially expanding estuarine mangroves upstream. Both the fringing and the estuarine mangroves are surrounded by both licensed and unlicensed settlements, as well as dunes preventing expansion into higher elevation areas as a response to sea level rise. Recent changes to legislation protecting these ecosystems put a further strain on adaptation and resilience capacity, increasing the threat to these important coastal systems and the ecosystem services they provide

Utilização do processamento digital de imagens no monitoramento de estações de tratamento de efluentes

Neste trabalho é proposto um procedimento para reconhecimento semi-automático das espécies de protozoários por análise de imagem. Este programa (ProtoRec v.2) foi em seguida utilizado para estudar a evolução da microfauna durante períodos de transição (paragem e arranque da estação). Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios em relação ao reconhecimento das espécies pelo programa e o acompanhamento da estação permitiu-nos verificar a degradação e envelhecimento da lama e o aparecimento de protozoários que evidenciam tal fato

Differences and similarities of postprandial lipemia in rodents and humans

The rat has been a mainstay of physiological and metabolic research, and more recently mice. This study aimed at characterizing the postprandial triglyceride profile of two members of the Muridae family: the Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) and C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) plus comparing them to the profile obtained in humans. Thirty-one male and twelve female Wistar rats, ten C57BL/6 male and nine female mice received a liquid meal containing fat (17%), protein (4%) and carbohydrates (4%), providing 2 g fat/Kg. Thirty-one men and twenty-nine women received a standardized liquid meal containing fat (25%), dextromaltose (55%), protein (14%), and vitamins and minerals (6%), and providing 40 g of fat per square meter of body surface. Serial blood samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after the ingestion in rats, at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h in mice and in humans at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used. The triglyceride responses were evaluated after the oral fat loads. Fasting and postprandial triglyceridemia were determined sequentially in blood sample. AUC, AUIC, AR, RR and late peaks were determined. Rats are prone to respond in a pro-atherogenic manner. The responses in mice were closer to the ones in healthy men. This study presents striking differences in postprandial triglycerides patterns between rats and mice not correlated to baseline triglycerides, the animal baseline body weight or fat load in all animal groups.101CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPNão temNão te

Desafios e possibilidades da Educação Ambiental nas escolas públicas: o caso da cidade de São Paulo

From a critical perspective of environmental education, the objective of this work was to analyze, through a diagnostic questionnaire, the challenges and possibilities related to environmental education in municipal schools of São Paulo. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, considering contributions from content analysis. The results showed a clear awareness of socio-environmental problems in the system and that, despite the challenges, most schools develop or have developed environmental education projects.Desde una perspectiva crítica de la educación ambiental, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar, a través de un cuestionario de diagnóstico, los desafíos y posibilidades relacionados con la educación ambiental en las escuelas municipales de San Pablo. Los datos fueron analizados cuantitativa y cualitativamente, considerando las aportaciones del análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron una clara conciencia en la red de los problemas socioambientales y que, a pesar de los desafíos, la mayoría de las escuelas desarrollan o han desarrollado proyectos de educación ambiental.Partindo de uma perspectiva crítica de educação ambiental, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, por meio de questionário diagnóstico, desafios e possibilidades relacionados à educação ambiental das escolas municipais de São Paulo. Os dados foram analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, considerando contribuições da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram uma consciência clara na rede dos problemas socioambientais e que, apesar dos desafios, a maioria das escolas desenvolve ou já desenvolveu projetos de EA

Androgen responsive intronic non-coding RNAs

BACKGROUND: Transcription of large numbers of non-coding RNAs originating from intronic regions of human genes has been recently reported, but mechanisms governing their biosynthesis and biological functions are largely unknown. In this work, we evaluated the existence of a common mechanism of transcription regulation shared by protein-coding mRNAs and intronic RNAs by measuring the effect of androgen on the transcriptional profile of a prostate cancer cell line. RESULTS: Using a custom-built cDNA microarray enriched in intronic transcribed sequences, we found 39 intronic non-coding RNAs for which levels were significantly regulated by androgen exposure. Orientation-specific reverse transcription-PCR indicated that 10 of the 13 were transcribed in the antisense direction. These transcripts are long (0.5–5 kb), unspliced and apparently do not code for proteins. Interestingly, we found that the relative levels of androgen-regulated intronic transcripts could be correlated with the levels of the corresponding protein-coding gene (asGAS6 and asDNAJC3) or with the alternative usage of exons (asKDELR2 and asITGA6) in the corresponding protein-coding transcripts. Binding of the androgen receptor to a putative regulatory region upstream from asMYO5A, an androgen-regulated antisense intronic transcript, was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. CONCLUSION: Altogether, these results indicate that at least a fraction of naturally transcribed intronic non-coding RNAs may be regulated by common physiological signals such as hormones, and further corroborate the notion that the intronic complement of the transcriptome play functional roles in the human gene-expression program

PROGRAMA DE ESTUDOS PARASITOLÓGICOS NA MICRORREGIÃO DE FEIRA DE SANTANA FAZ EXTENSÃO

Os programas de controle das doenças parasitárias têm sido repensados e quando executados tendo como base as relações com outros problemas de saúde, ambiente físico e participação social, mostram-se mais efetivos e bem sucedidos

Aortic Response to Strength Training and Spirulina platensis Dependent on Nitric Oxide and Antioxidants

Studies have shown that supplementation with Spirulina platensis improves vascular reactivity. However, it is unclear whether in association with strength training this effect can be enhanced. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of strength training and S. platensis on the reactivity of the aorta from Wistar rat and the possible mechanisms involved. The animals were supplemented with S. platensis and divided into sedentary (SG, SG50, SG150, and SG500) and trained groups (TG, TG50, TG150, and TG500). Nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity were determined by biochemical assays. To evaluate vascular response, cumulative concentration—response curves to phenylephrine (PHE) and acetylcholine (ACh) were constructed. L-NAME was used to assess the participation of nitric oxide (NO). It was observed that the PHE contractile potency was reduced in TG50, TG150, and TG500 groups compared to SG50, SG150, and SG500 groups, respectively. However, the presence of L-NAME increased the contractile response in all groups. Strength training potentiated the increase in relaxing activity induced by S. platensis, where the pCE50 values of ACh increased in TG150 and TG500. These responses were accompanied by increased nitrite production, MDA reduction and increased antioxidant activity in the aorta of both TG150 and TG500 groups. Thus, the present study demonstrated that combined with strength training, S. platensis potentiates vascular improvement through the participation of NO and reduction of oxidative stress