531 research outputs found
Estudio descriptivo sobre la leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana en el área urbana del Municipio de Governador Valadares, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Para entender os padrões de emergência e re-emergência da leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA), foram avaliados os perfis clínico e epidemiológico e a distribuição espacial da doença entre 2001 e 2006 em uma área endêmica situada no vale do Rio Doce, no nordeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O número de casos notificados aumentou de seis, no primeiro ano, para 111 no último ano do período estudado. Os casos da doença predominaram na área urbana (75,9%) e atingiram igualmente homens e mulheres em todas as faixas etárias. A transmissão de LTA ocorreu dentro de residências e em áreas vizinhas, com o maior número de casos registrados oriundo de áreas pobres, sobretudo as localizadas às margens do Rio Doce, sem uma infraestrutura sanitária adequada. O diagnóstico baseou-se em critérios clínicos e no teste de Montenegro. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou a forma cutânea da LTA. O tratamento de primeira linha abrangeu a utilização de drogas antimoniais pentavalentes (99,1%), que foram responsáveis pela cura de > 75% dos pacientes. A incidência da LTA variou entre 11,38 e 15,99 casos por 100.000 habitantes, valor alto em comparação com a média nacional. Medidas urgentes, incluindo a melhoria de técnicas de diagnóstico nas unidades de saúde locais, a conscientização de crianças em idade escolar e a motivação da população em geral, são necessárias para reduzir a transmissão da doença e controlá-la. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTTo understand the emergence and re-emergence pattern of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), the clinical and epidemiological profiles and the spatial distribution of the disease were evaluated between 2001 and 2006 in an endemic area located in the Rio Doce valley in the north-eastern part of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The number of reported cases increased from six in the first year to 111 in the last year during this period. Disease cases predominated in the urban area (75.9%) and affected males and females equally in all age groups. The transmission of ATL occurred within dwellings and the surrounding areas, with the largest number of reported cases originating from poor areas, particularly those located on the margins of the Rio Doce lacking suitable sanitary infrastructure. Diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and the Montenegro skin test, with most patients (93.8%) exhibiting the cutaneous form of ATL. First-line treatment involved administration of pentavalent antimonial drugs (99.1%), and these provided a cure for > 75% of patients. The prevalence of ATL varied between 11.38 and 15.99 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, which is high in comparison with the national average. Urgent measures, including improved means of diagnosis at the local health units, education of schoolchildren and motivation of the general population, are required to decrease transmission and control the disease. ____________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMENPara entender los estándares de emergencia y reemergencia de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana (LTA), se evaluaron los perfiles clínico y epidemiológico y la distribución espacial de la enfermedad entre 2001 y 2006, en una área endémica situada en el valle del Rio Doce, al noreste del Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El número de casos notificados aumentó de seis, el primer año, para 111 el último año del período estudiado. Los casos de la enfermedad predominaron en el área urbana (75,9%) y atacaron igualmente a hombres y mujeres en todas las franjas etarias. La transmisión de LTA ocurrió dentro de las casas y en áreas vecinas, con el mayor número de casos registrados originarios de áreas pobres, sobre todo de las localizadas a los márgenes del Rio Doce, sin una infraestructura sanitaria adecuada. El diagnóstico se basó en criterios clínicos y en la prueba de Montenegro. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó la forma cutánea de la LTA. El tratamiento de primera línea involucró la utilización de drogas antimoniales pentavalentes (99,1%), que fueron responsables por la cura de > 75% de los pacientes. La incidencia de la LTA varió entre 11,38 y 15,99 casos por 100.000 habitantes, valor alto en comparación con el promedio nacional. Medidas urgentes, incluyendo la mejoría de técnicas de diagnóstico en las unidades de salud locales, la concienciación de niños en edad escolar y la motivación de la población en general, se hacen necesarias para reducir la transmisión de la enfermedad y controlarla
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
public pages
Study of the decay
The decay is studied
in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of TeV
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5
collected by the LHCb experiment. In the system, the
state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is
resolved into two narrower states, and ,
whose masses and widths are measured to be where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a
prompt sample. Evidence of a new
state is found with a local significance of , whose mass and width
are measured to be and , respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode
is found with a significance of
. The relative branching fraction of with respect to the
decay is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from
the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions and
The ratios of branching fractions
and are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a
sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb of
integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The
tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
. The measured values are
and
, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these
measurements is . Results are consistent with the current average
of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the
predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb
public pages
Lesion aspirate culture for the diagnosis and isolation of Leishmania spp. from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis
The detection of Leishmania spp. in skin lesion aspirates, using a
puncture technique, was evaluated in 76 patients with cutaneous
leishmaniasis (CL) who were referred to a Leishmaniasis Reference
Centre in Brazil. CL was defined based on skin lesions suggestive of
the disease and on a positive result of the Montenegro skin test or
Giemsa-stained imprints of biopsy fragments. The aspirates were
cultured using a vacuum tube device containing culture medium and
evaluated for the presence of Leishmania spp. The biphasic medium
culture was examined once a week for three weeks. Promastigotes were
observed in 53/76 (69.7%) cultures. Stained smears from 60 of the 76
patients were evaluated using PCR-RFLP to detect the conserved
minicircle region of Leishmania spp. and to classify the parasite. Of
these patients, 45 (75%) showed positive results in aspirate culture
and 15 presented negative results. The PCR was positive in 80% (53/60)
samples. The PCR-RFLP profile was determined in 49 samples, of which 45
(92%) showed a pattern compatible with Leishmania (Viannia)
braziliensis. The aspirate culture is a sensitive and feasible method
for diagnosing CL and may be routinely adopted by health services for
L. (V.) braziliensis isolation and identification
Posttherapeutic cure criteria in Chagas' disease: conventional serology followed by supplementary serological, parasitological, and molecular tests
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Previous issue date: 2012Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilOrganização Mundial de Saúde. Departamento de Controle de Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas. Geneva, SwitzerlandUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil/Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Escola de Farmácia. Departamento de Análises Clínicas. Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilWe performed a critical study of conventional serology, followed by supplementary serological, parasitological, and molecular tests, to assess the response to etiologic treatment of Chagas' disease. A group of 94 Chagas' disease patients treated with benznidazole at least 10 years earlier were evaluated from the laboratory and clinical points of view. When conventional serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect immunofluorescence [IIF], and indirect hemagglutination [IHA]) and classic criteria (consistent results with any two of the three tests) or more rigorous criteria (consistent results from the three tests) were used, 10.6% and 8.5% of patients were considered treated and cured (TC) by classic and rigorous criteria, respectively. Patients were then evaluated using supplementary (recombinant ELISA and Trypanosoma cruzi excreted-secreted antigen blotting [TESA-blot]), parasitological (hemoculture), and molecular (PCR) tests. The results of recombinant ELISA were similar to those with the rigorous criterion (three consistent test results). The TESA-blot group showed a higher percentage (21.3%) of negative results than the groups defined by either cure criterion. Hemoculture and PCR gave negative results for all treated and cured (TC) patients, regardless of the criterion used. Recombinant ELISA and TESA-blot tests showed negative results for 70% and 87.5% of the patients categorized as TC by the classic and three-test criteria, respectively. For patients with discordant conventional serology, the supplementary serological and molecular tests were the decisive factor in determining therapeutic failure. Clinical evaluation showed that 62.5% of TC patients presented with the indeterminate form of the disease. Additionally, treated patients with negative TESA-blot results should be reevaluated later with all methodologies used here to verify whether TESA-blot is a reliable way to determine early parasitological cure of Chagas' disease
Posttherapeutic cure criteria in Chagas disease : conventional serology followed by supplementary serological, parasitological, and molecular tests.
We performed a critical study of conventional serology, followed by supplementary serological, parasitological, and molecular
tests, to assess the response to etiologic treatment of Chagas’ disease. A group of 94 Chagas’ disease patients treated with benznidazole
at least 10 years earlier were evaluated from the laboratory and clinical points of view. When conventional serology (enzyme-
linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect immunofluorescence [IIF], and indirect hemagglutination [IHA]) and classic
criteria (consistent results with any two of the three tests) or more rigorous criteria (consistent results from the three tests)
were used, 10.6% and 8.5% of patients were considered treated and cured (TC) by classic and rigorous criteria, respectively. Patients
were then evaluated using supplementary (recombinant ELISA and Trypanosoma cruzi excreted-secreted antigen blotting
[TESA-blot]), parasitological (hemoculture), and molecular (PCR) tests. The results of recombinant ELISA were similar to those
with the rigorous criterion (three consistent test results). The TESA-blot group showed a higher percentage (21.3%) of negative
results than the groups defined by either cure criterion. Hemoculture and PCR gave negative results for all treated and cured
(TC) patients, regardless of the criterion used. Recombinant ELISA and TESA-blot tests showed negative results for 70% and
87.5% of the patients categorized as TC by the classic and three-test criteria, respectively. For patients with discordant conventional
serology, the supplementary serological and molecular tests were the decisive factor in determining therapeutic failure.
Clinical evaluation showed that 62.5% of TC patients presented with the indeterminate form of the disease. Additionally, treated
patients with negative TESA-blot results should be reevaluated later with all methodologies used here to verify whether TESAblot
is a reliable way to determine early parasitological cure of Chagas’ disease
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