10,634 research outputs found
Diluted manganese on the bond-centered site in germanium
The functional properties of Mn-doped Ge depend to large extent on the lattice location of the Mn impurities. Here, we present a lattice location study of implanted diluted Mn by means of electron emission channeling. Surprisingly, in addition to the expected substitutional lattice position, a large fraction of the Mn impurities occupies the bond-centered site. Corroborated by ab initio calculations, the bond-centered Mn is related to Mn-vacancy complexes. These unexpected results call for a reassessment of the theoretical studies on the electrical and magnetic behavior of Mn-doped Ge, hereby including the possible role of Mn-vacancy complexes
Social-ecological trends: managing the vulnerability of coastal fishing communities
The loss of biodiversity, including the collapse of fish stocks, affects the vulnerability of social-ecological systems (SESs) and threatens local livelihoods. Incorporating community-centered indicators and SES drivers and exposures of change into coastal management can help anticipate and mitigate human and/or coastal vulnerability. We have proposed a new index to measure the social-ecological vulnerability of coastal fishing communities (Index of Coastal Vulnerability [ICV]) based on species, ecosystem, and social indicators. The ICV varies from 0 (no vulnerability) to 1 (very high vulnerability) and is composed of 3 components: species vulnerability, i.e., fish biological traits; ecosystem vulnerability, i.e., environmental indicators of ecosystem health; and adaptive capacity, i.e., human ability to cope with changes. We tested the ICV of Brazil’s 17 coastal states. The average ICV for the Brazilian coast was 0.77, and variation was low among states. More than half of the coastal states revealed very high vulnerability (> 0.8). The ecosystem vulnerability values were worse than the adaptive capacity and species vulnerability values, and the North and Northeast regions were revealed to be vulnerable hot spots. Additionally, we investigated how the ICV related to specific anthropogenic risks, i.e., fish landing richness, fishery instability, market, coastal extension, and coastal population, and found that states with fewer species landings and higher coastal populations presented higher ICVs. At a time when human impacts are overtaking natural processes, understanding how these impacts lead to coastal vulnerability can help improve conservation policies. For this case study, we suggest both fisheries management measures and restoration of sensitive habitats to protect species and decrease vulnerability. The integrated evaluation developed here could be used as a baseline for coastal monitoring and conservation planning and be applied to coastal regions in which governments evaluate both social and biological aspects.Postprint2,51
A social-ecological approach to estimate fisher resilience: a case study from Brazil
Social-ecological systems (SESs), such as fishing communities, are human and biophysical subsystems that are intrinsically
connected to one another and strongly depend on natural resources. That is why these human groups are usually the first to feel the
effects of policies concerning fisheries and ocean governance and the most affected by them. These policies can potentially build or
erode social-ecological resilience (SER), especially if they are coupled with environmental changes. SER assessments offer a valuable
tool to identify human-nature linkages, and the implications and feedbacks in SESs when facing human-induced or natural changes.
We created a SER index by combining interviews with fishers with environmental datasets on a fine scale that has never been presented
for the Brazilian coast. This scale was then tested in marine protected areas that allow sustainable use. Our approach estimated SER
from information on fisheries ecosystem services and adaptive capacity at the local scale, considering the individual and community
levels. We synthesized blocks of critical indicators of an individual or community’s ability to build and maintain resilience in SESs,
such as flexibility, ability to learn, ability to organize, assets, social capital, and ecological characteristics. We identified that fishers’
ability to learn and to organize, as well as the biological sensitivity of an ecosystem are determinant to enhancing SER in the studied
coastal communities. A Bayesian model also showed that the fishers’ SER was related to socioeconomic factors, thereby indicating that
older fishers, fishers who consistently catch more fish, and fishers with a higher reliance on fishing for their income presented lower
index values. By knowing the variables that influence the ability of fishers to cope with changes to their SESs, we can devise smarter
management approaches that may include compensatory mechanisms for more fragile fishers. Our findings can also inform decision
making about where fisheries management strategies are likely to be more participative and effective in order to minimize the social
impacts of policy decisions and increase SER in coastal communities.Postprint2,51
THE PRE-EXHAUSTION METHOD SEEMS INEFFECTIVE TO INCREASE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the pre-exhaustion method on the electromyographic activity (temporal and spectral domain) at different intervals of a set of resistance training. Twenty adults with little or no experience in strength training performed two sets of the seated row exercise at 70%1RM until muscular failure, in a randomized order. Surface electrodes were placed over the latissimus dorsi, teres major, biceps brachii, and posterior deltoid muscles of the dominant side. Results showed that the pre-exhaustion did not increase EMG activity of all muscle analyzed at any intervals of a set. Furthermore, the EMG median frequency decreased in teres major and posterior deltoid muscles during initial and intermediate repetitions. Results suggest that the pre-exhaustion induces more fatigue when compared to traditional training
Calciphylaxis following kidney transplantation: a case report
Introduction: Calciphylaxis occurring after kidney transplantation is rare and rarely reported. It results in chronic non-healing wounds and is associated with a poor prognosis and is often fatal. We present a case of proximal lower limb calciphylaxis that occurred early after kidney transplantation. The patient had no classic associated risk factors. He had previously had a total parathyroidectomy but had normal serum calcium-phosphate product and parathyroid hormone levels. The clinical outcome of this case was favorable and highlights some fundamental issues relating to management.
Case prsentation: A 70-year-old British Caucasian man with end-stage renal failure secondary to IgA nephropathy presented six months post kidney transplantation with cutaneous calciphylaxis lesions involving the medial aspect of the thigh bilaterally.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of rapid onset cutaneous calciphylaxis occurring soon after kidney transplantation that was associated with a favorable outcome. Cutaneous calciphylaxis lesions should be promptly managed with meticulous wound care, antimicrobial therapy and the correction of calcium-phosphate product where indicated
Adenocarcinoma do pâncreas localmente avançado e metastizado com resposta completa a quimioterapia
Os autores apresentam o caso clĂnico de doente do sexo
feminino, 54 anos, raça branca, que recorreu ao médico
assistente por dor abdominal associada a manifestações
constitucionais. A ecografia revelou massa pancreática e
formações nodulares hepáticas compatĂveis com lesões
secundárias, resultado posteriormente corroborado por
tomografia computorizada, que acrescentou critérios de
irressecabilidade, nomeadamente invasĂŁo dos vasos mesen-
téricos e do duodeno. A biopsia ecoguiada obteve material
cujo estudo anatomopatolĂłgico revelou tratar-se de adeno-
carcinoma do pâncreas. Iniciou quimioterapia, verifican-
do-se melhoria clĂnica progressiva. A reavaliação imagio-
lĂłgica, apĂłs 7 ciclos de tratamento, nĂŁo detectou a lesĂŁo
primitiva nem as lesões secundárias, sugerindo resposta
completa. Foi mantido esquema regular de quimioterapia,
persistindo a remissão 8 meses após a documentação da
resposta completa
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