Pre-calving intravaginal administration of lactic acid bacteria reduces metritis prevalence and regulates blood neutrophil gene expression after calving in dairy cattle

Metritis affects up to 40% of dairy cows and it is usually treated with antibiotics. In spite of their advantages, there is an increased concern about antibiotic resistance leading to the research of alternative methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the prevalence of metritis and modulation of endometrial and neutrophil inflammatory markers in dairy cows. One hundred and thirty-five cows were enrolled 3 week before calving and randomly assigned to three treatments. Treatment groups were: (1) two intravaginal doses of LAB/wk during 3 week pre-calving (vaginal, n = 45); (2) an intra-uterine dose, once 1 d after calving (uterine, n = 44); and (3) no intervention (CTRL, n = 45). Metritis was defined as body temperature > 39.5◦C and purulent vaginal discharge (> 50% pus), and diagnosed 6 d after calving. Blood samples were taken at d −14, −10, −7, −4, +1, +3, +6, and +14 relative to calving for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) analysis. At d −10, +1, +3, and +6 neutrophils were isolated from blood for gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR. Endometrium biopsies were taken from 30 cows, 15 from CTRL and 15 from the uterine group at d +1, +3, and +6 after calving for pro-inflammatory markers analysis by NanoString®. Vaginal treatment reduced metritis prevalence (6/45) up to 58% compared with CTRL group (14/45), but there was no difference between the uterine and CTRL group. Uterine and vaginal treatments reduced blood neutrophil gene expression. Expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the endometrium did not differ between uterine and CTRL cows. Metritic cows expressed more C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) at d 3 than healthy cows, whereas healthy cows expressed more CXCL8 at d 1 relative to calving in the endometrium. This study shows a promising potential of LAB probiotics as a preventive treatment against metritis in dairy cows.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pilot Study to Evaluate the Association Between the Length of the Luteal Phase and Estrous Activity Detected by Automated Activity Monitoring in Dairy Cows

The ability of automated activity monitoring (AAM) systems to detect estrus is influenced by multiple variables. The luteal phase (LP) preceding estrus has been shown to be important for hormones release, and behavior during estrus in ruminants, but its impact on activity as measured by AAM systems has not been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the length of the preceding LP on the intensity and duration of estrus as measured by AAM, and on the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the endometrium. A total of 60 cows between 46 and 53 days in milk were assigned to either a normal or a short length LP. Length of the LP was insured by the use of hormonal synchronization programs. Cows in both treatments were matched on parity, milk production, body condition score (BCS), and lameness score (assessed at enrolment). Expression of ERα receptors in the endometrium were evaluated by nuclear staining by immunohistochemistry of biopsies. Estrus was defined as the day on which the AAM system detected estrus. Cows that were not synchronized by the protocol or that were not detected in estrus by the AAM systems were excluded, which left 21 and 11 cows for analyses in the normal and short length LP, respectively. Peak activity index of estrus, duration of estrus, and expression of ERα were outcomes for multivariable linear regression models. Cows with short length LP tended to have lower peak activity at estrus, but there was no significant effect of treatment when BCS was accounted for. Cows with BCS ≤ 2.5 had less intense and shorter estrus than cows with BCS ≥ 2.75. There was no association between the length of the LP and the expression of ERα in the endometrium

Pre-calving Intravaginal Administration of Lactic Acid Bacteria Reduces Metritis Prevalence and Regulates Blood Neutrophil Gene Expression After Calving in Dairy Cattle

Metritis affects up to 40% of dairy cows and it is usually treated with antibiotics. In spite of their advantages, there is an increased concern about antibiotic resistance leading to the research of alternative methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the prevalence of metritis and modulation of endometrial and neutrophil inflammatory markers in dairy cows. One hundred and thirty-five cows were enrolled 3 week before calving and randomly assigned to three treatments. Treatment groups were: (1) two intravaginal doses of LAB/wk during 3 week pre-calving (vaginal, n = 45); (2) an intra-uterine dose, once 1 d after calving (uterine, n = 44); and (3) no intervention (CTRL, n = 45). Metritis was defined as body temperature > 39.5°C and purulent vaginal discharge (> 50% pus), and diagnosed 6 d after calving. Blood samples were taken at d −14, −10, −7, −4, +1, +3, +6, and +14 relative to calving for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) analysis. At d −10, +1, +3, and +6 neutrophils were isolated from blood for gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR. Endometrium biopsies were taken from 30 cows, 15 from CTRL and 15 from the uterine group at d +1, +3, and +6 after calving for pro-inflammatory markers analysis by NanoString®. Vaginal treatment reduced metritis prevalence (6/45) up to 58% compared with CTRL group (14/45), but there was no difference between the uterine and CTRL group. Uterine and vaginal treatments reduced blood neutrophil gene expression. Expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the endometrium did not differ between uterine and CTRL cows. Metritic cows expressed more C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) at d 3 than healthy cows, whereas healthy cows expressed more CXCL8 at d 1 relative to calving in the endometrium. This study shows a promising potential of LAB probiotics as a preventive treatment against metritis in dairy cows

Efeitos de três estratégias de aleitamento sobre ganho de peso, desenvolvimento ruminal e perfil metabólico e hormonal de bezerros holandeses

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T03:14:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o___bruna_f._silper.pdf: 2740545 bytes, checksum: 21b941662ac16c4ef3f993e98f000b2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 24Os efeitos de três estratégias de aleitamento foram avaliados em 54 bezerros Holandeses. Água econcentrado foram fornecidos à vontade. As estratégias foram: 4L-60d (quatro litros 500 g desucedâneo/dia por 60 dias); 6L-29d/4L-60d (seis litros 750 g de sucedâneo/dia nos primeiros 30dias e quatro litros/dia 500 g de 31 a 60 dias) e 6L-60d (seis litros 750 g de sucedâneo/dia por60 dias). O desaleitamento foi abrupto aos 60 dias. Seis animais de cada grupo foram necropsiados aos30, 60 e 90 dias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Consumode concentrado, peso, ganho de peso, peso de estômagos e órgãos foram analisados em arranjo fatoriale hormônios/metabólitos em parcelas subdivididas, médias testadas por SNK (P=0,05). Peso inicial eimunidade passiva foram semelhantes entre grupos (P>0,05). O consumo de sucedâneo no primeiromês foi inferior ao oferecido. O consumo de concentrado foi semelhante entre os grupos (P>0,05) eaumentou com a idade (P0,05). A concentração de insulina foi maior no grupo 6L-60d (P0.05). During thefirst month, milk replacer consumption was less than the quantity offered. Starter intake was notdifferent between groups (P>0.05) and increased with age (P0.05). Insulin concentration washigher in group 6L-60d (P<0.05). Glucose and insulin got higher and NEFA lower with age (P<0.05).Ruminal development was similar between groups. Strategy 6L-60d resulted in higher weight gain andfeed efficiency, without reduction of starter intake and ruminal development

Tax planning as an instrument against tax evasion

The business sector is pressured to compete in the market with the quality of its products and at more affordable prices, but behind the price fixing, many do not see the amount of tax burden that the enterprise has to disburse in order not to be in debt with the Tax authorities. With this, there is a duality between the Fiscal State and the taxpayer, because on the one hand there is the State that depends on the collection of taxes to manage for the functioning of the state machine and on the other side the taxpayer that has a huge role to play. expenses to pay. The businessman disbelieves in the allocation of taxes, in view of the huge holes in the country's economy resulting from corruption, and sees money laundering, tax evasion and the destination of money to tax havens as a way to make a profit. Therefore, planning is a proposal for action that takes advantage of legal loopholes within the tax system to save and avoid tax evasion.Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)O ramo empresarial é pressionado a competir no mercado com qualidade de seus produtos e em preços mais acessível, só que por trás da fixação do preço, muitos não enxergam a quantidade da carga tributária que o empreendimento tem que desembolsar para não ficar com dívidas perante o Fisco. Com isso, tem-se uma dualidade entre o Estado Fiscal e o contribuinte, pois de um lado existe o Estado que depende da arrecadação de tributos para gerir em prol do funcionamento da máquina estatal e do outro lado o contribuinte que tem um rol enorme de despesas para pagar. O empresário desacredita na destinação dos tributos, tendo em vistas os enormes rombos na economia do país decorrentes de corrupção, e enxerga como saída para obter lucro a lavagem de dinheiro, a sonegação fiscal e a destinação do dinheiro à paraísos fiscais. Por isso, o planejamento é uma proposta de ação que se aproveita de brechas legais dentro do sistema tributário para economiza e evitar a evasão fiscal

Characteristics of estrous behaviour in heifers and lactating cows and its associations with fertility

Detection of estrus in dairy cows is challenging, partly because of poor behavioural expression. Automated activity monitors allow quantification of estrus expression based on restlessness. The main goals of this thesis were to use automated measurements and visual observation of behaviour to increase understanding of estrus characteristics, variation among animals, risk factors for poor expression, and its association with fertility. In the first study, the behaviour of heifers was video-recorded and activity peaks were identified from accelerometer data; estrus was validated by ovarian ultrasonography. Chin rest, sniff, back mount, crossover, and follow had the largest increase in frequency during estrus. Estrus relative increase in walking activity (290 ± 160%) and duration (14 ± 4 h) varied greatly and were affected by estrus order, season and time of the day. The second study investigated how estrus affected automated measurements of lying and standing behaviour, a less explored aspect of estrus. At estrus, bout frequency was lower, daily standing time was greater, and heifers stood uninterruptedly for twice longer than at baseline. Relative changes in standing behaviour at estrus were smaller for estrus starting between 1200 h and 0300 h. The third experiment investigated the agreement between estrus characteristics in heifers fitted with two accelerometers. Both systems were precise (PPV = 84.7% [Heatime] and 98.7% [IceTag]) and provided similar characterization and timing. Plasma estradiol was not correlated with follicle diameter, duration, intensity, or presence of estrus signs. Finally, estrus lying behaviour of lactating cows and its associations with fertility were studied. Daily lying time and bout frequency were reduced at estrus (65 ± 21% and 65 ± 24% of baseline). Ovulation and pregnancy at d 32 after AI were 4.9 and 1.6 times more likely if estrus lying time was < 75% of baseline. Collectively, results suggest potential application of lying behaviour towards fertility prediction. We have also highlighted features such as variability, risk factors and basal activity that can contribute to assessment of methods and practices for increased expression. Additional future directions include investigation of physiological bases of estrus-fertility association and real-time applications of characterization data.Land and Food Systems, Faculty ofGraduat

Cria e recria de precisão.

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