Estudio del uso de las plantas medicinales y su conservación en la Cooperativa Cotopilaló, Razuyacu-Corazón y la interacción con los Shamanes de la Unión de Organizaciones Campesinas del Norte de Cotopaxi "UNOCANC"

The purpose of this project was to promote the conservation of natural resources and the adequate use of medicinal plants used by the people of the Cotopilalo and Rasuyacu cooperatives, which are located in the foothills of the Ilinizas volcano. The study area is located between 2600 and 3700 masl and includes 800 hectares including remnant forests. We did a census using 600 by 2 meter transects inside the two patches of forest which include a segment of pajonal (tassok grass). We had each of the yachag (shaman) from each community identifying and collecting the medicinal plants found. The forests are very similar between them, both in species diversity as well as plant density.El propósito del presente estudio es cooperar con la conservación de los recursos naturales y el uso adecuado de las plantas medicinales utilizadas por la población de las cooperativas de Cotopilaló y Rasuyacu ubicadas en las faldas del volcán los Ilinizas, Provincia de Cotopaxi. La zona de estudio está ubicada entre los 2600 a 3700 msnm, y cubre 800 hectáreas incluyendo bosques remanentes. Se realizó un inventario de los dos bosques incluyendo una zona de pajonal utilizando transectos de 600 m. de largo x 2 m de ancho. Los transectos fueron recorridos en compañía de los Yachags de cada comunidad y se identificaron y colectaron todas las plantas medicinales encontradas

Effect of Environmental Degradation on the Inhabitants of Obodo Community in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

This study examines the effect of environmental degradation on the inhabitants of Obodo community in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State in the Niger Delta Region (NDR) of Nigeria. The study utilized structured questionnaires that were randomly administered to 105 recipients, of who 80 responded.  These respondents represent a cross-section of the stakeholders (oil industry/company workers, farmers, teachers, transporters as well as public servants). The questionnaire consisted of 20 structured questions grouped into two categories to cover various aspect of oil and gas related environmental pollutions.  Simple percentages and chi-squared test were employed in analyzing the collected data. The study showed that there were significant relationship between environmental degradation and economic hardship within Obodo community in the NDR of Nigeria.  The study recommends that Government and the various oil companies should always take steps to enhance, resuscitate and improve on the environmental related challenges of the communities within the Niger Delta

Comparative Genomics of Sibling Fungal Pathogenic Taxa Identifies Adaptive Evolution without Divergence in Pathogenicity Genes or Genomic Structure

It has been estimated that the sister plant pathogenic fungal species Heterobasidion irregulare and Heterobasidion annosum may have been allopatrically isolated for 34–41 Myr. They are now sympatric due to the introduction of the first species from North America into Italy, where they freely hybridize. We used a comparative genomic approach to 1) confirm that the two species are distinct at the genomic level; 2) determine which gene groups have diverged the most and the least between species; 3) show that their overall genomic structures are similar, as predicted by the viability of hybrids, and identify genomic regions that instead are incongruent; and 4) test the previously formulated hypothesis that genes involved in pathogenicity may be less divergent between the two species than genes involved in saprobic decay and sporulation. Results based on the sequencing of three genomes per species identified a high level of interspecific similarity, but clearly confirmed the status of the two as distinct taxa. Genes involved in pathogenicity were more conserved between species than genes involved in saprobic growth and sporulation, corroborating at the genomic level that invasiveness may be determined by the two latter traits, as documented by field and inoculation studies. Additionally, the majority of genes under positive selection and the majority of genes bearing interspecific structural variations were involved either in transcriptional or in mitochondrial functions. This study provides genomic-level evidence that invasiveness of pathogenic microbes can be attained without the high levels of pathogenicity presumed to exist for pathogens challenging naïve hosts

Satisfacción económica y motivación personal en la elección de la Segunda Especialidad en Educación Básica Alternativa - 2021

La presente investigación determina la relación que existe entre la Satisfacción Económica y la Motivación Personal para elegir Estudiar la Segunda Especialidad en Educación Básica Alternativa (EBA), de la promoción 2021 de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, el fenómeno muestra el crecimiento de estudiantes en el programa de segunda especialidad en EBA durante los años 2020 y 2021 y los estudiantes, son docentes que laboran en esta modalidad realizan actividades de tipo económica o laboral durante el día y dedican el tiempo que resta, por la noche, a la modalidad EBA, por lo que, se desarrolló una investigación bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño transversal correlacional. Bajo el muestreo aleatorio simple, aplicado a la totalidad de la población sin distinción de estratos, se calculó una muestra de 186 sujetos en una población objetivo de 357 estudiantes, a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento validado a través del criterio de tres expertos y una prueba de confiabilidad con psicometría de Cronbach igual a 0,860, el instrumento posee 60 ítems que recogen datos de las variables satisfacción económica y motivación personal. Los resultados exponen que el 61,8% de encuestados se siente medianamente satisfecho en su economía, el 38,2% altamente satisfecho, es decir que los estudiantes en su mayoría no están completamente satisfechos con su economía. Se concluye y demuestra que existe una correlación positiva a moderada entre las variables satisfacción económica y motivación personal, con coeficiente Rho de Spearman igual a 0,519