32 research outputs found
Synthesis of (2R,5R)-2-Amino-5-Hydroxyhexanoic Acid by Intramolecular Cycloaddition
The title compound was synthesized from sorbic acid by an eight step sequence. The key step was the stereospecific intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of the acylnitroso derivative of N-sorbyl-L-proline (5). L-Proline served as a temporary tether which directed both the stereochemistry and the regiochemistry of the cycloaddition
Not Just the Luck of the Draw? Exploring Competency of Counsel and Other Qualitative Factors in Federal Court Refugee Leave Determinations (2005-2010)
Refugee claimants who have received a negative decision from the Immigration and Refugee Board sometimes seek judicial treview at the Federal Court in Canada. Previous statistical studies, in particular Sean Rehaagās (2012) study, āThe Luck of the Draw,ā have reported that rejected refugee claimants seeking judicial review face low and inconsistent leave grant rates, with chances of success largely dependent on judge assignment. The present research looks beyond these quantitative findings to identify additional factors that may explain the troubling statistics. To this end, four researchers manually reviewed 50 leave applications submitted between 2005 and 2010 and included in Rehaagās (2012) data set. The results of this qualitative analysis are disturbing: a significant number of rejected leave applications had been poorly prepared, and a number of facially strong cases were denied leave. These results suggest that leave grant rates could rise if the quality of legal representation were enhanced. They also indicate that rejected refugee claimants would benefit from clear and uniformly applied criteria for granting leave.Les demandeurs dāasile ayant recĢ§u une deĢcision neĢgative de la Commission de lāimmigration et du statut de reĢfugieĢ font parfois une demande en reĢvision judiciaire aĢ la Cour feĢdeĢrale du Canada. Des eĢtudes statistiques anteĢrieures, et particulieĢrement lāeĢtude de Sean Rehaag (2012) Ā« The Luck of the Draw Ā», ont signaleĢ que les demandeurs dāasile deĢbouteĢs demandant une reĢvision judiciaire font face aĢ des taux dāacceptation des demandes dāautorisation bas et inconstants, les chances de succeĢs deĢpendant largement du juge deĢsigneĢ. La preĢsente recherche cherche aĢ aller au-delaĢ de ces reĢsultats quantitatifs afin dāidentifier des facteurs additionnels pouvant expliquer ces statistiques troublantes. AĢ cette fin, quatre chercheurs ont reĢviseĢ manuellement 50 demandes dāautorisation soumises entre 2005 et 2010, un eĢchantillon des dossiers examineĢs par Rehaag (2012). Les reĢsultats de cette analyse qualitative sont inquieĢtants. Un nombre significatif de demandes dāautorisation rejeteĢes ont eĢteĢ mal preĢpareĢes et un nombre de cas de prime abord solides se sont vus refuser lāautorisation. Ces reĢsultats suggeĢrent que les taux dāautorisations accordeĢes pourraient augmenter si la qualiteĢ de la repreĢsentation leĢgale eĢtait ameĢlioreĢe. Ils indiquent eĢgalement que les demandeurs dāasile deĢbouteĢs beĢneĢficieraient de la mise en place de criteĢres clairs et uniformeĢment appliqueĢs en ce qui concerne lāacceptation des demandes dāautorisation