On the Suitability of Estelle for Multimedia Systems

Formal Description Techniques have been widely used for the specification of traditional networked applications. They have not been applied to the specification of new applications such as multimedia systems yet. In this paper, we examine the FDT Estelle with respect to its suitability for multimedia system specification and automatic derivation of efficient implementations. We show that it is possible to specify certain aspects of multimedia systems, but that Estelle is not sufficient for others. The derived implementations often perform badly. We show the reasons and propose to use a slightly modified Estelle syntax and semantics to solve the problems. The implemented solution was tested successfully

The Professorial Chair (<i>kursī ‘ilmī</i> or <i>kursī li-l-wa‘ẓ wa-l-irshād</i>) in Morocco

Moroccan congregational mosques are equipped with a minbar (pulpit) which is used for the Friday sermon. Many mosques in Morocco are also equipped with one or more smaller chairs, which differ in their form and function from the minbar. These chairs are used by professors to give regular lectures to students of traditional education, and by scholars to give occasional lectures to the general public. This tradition of the professorial chair was probably introduced to Morocco from the Middle East in the thirteenth century. Most of the existing chairs in Morocco seem to date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and they continue to be made and used today. The chairs always have two steps, a seat, a backrest and armrests. This form probably evokes the original minbar of the Prophet in Medina, which had two steps and a seat, and this is one of many aspects of the conservatism and se parate evolution of Moroccan Malikism.Las mezquitas congregacionales en Marruecos suelen tener un almimbar (p?lpito) que se utiliza durante el sermón de los viernes. Muchas mezquitas de Marruecos cuentan también con una o más sillas, diferenciadas del almimbar en su forma y su función ya que son utilizadas por los profesores para ensenar a los estudiantes de la educación tradicional, y por eruditos que dan conferencias ocasionales al p?blico en general. Esta tradición de cátedras se introduce probablemente en Marruecos desde Próximo Oriente en el siglo XIII. La mayoría de las cátedras existentes parecen datar de los siglos XIX y XX, manteniéndose hasta nuestros días la fabricación y utilización de estas sillas. Las cátedras siempre tienen dos peldanos, un asiento, un respaldo y apoyabrazos. La forma de las sillas parece evocar el almimbar original del Profeta en Medina, tradición que se muestra como uno de los muchos aspectos del conservadurismo y de la evolución distinta del Malikismo marroquí

Conservation assessments and Red Listing of the endemic Moroccan flora (monocotyledons)

Morocco constitutes an important centre of plant diversity and speciation in the Mediterranean Basin. However, numerous species are threatened by issues ranging from human activities to global climatic change. In this study, we present the conservation assessments and Red Listing of the endemic Moroccan monocotyledons according to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria and categories. For each species, we include basic taxonomic information, local names and synonyms, uses, a distribution map, extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, population size and trend, a description of habitats and ecological requirements, and a discussion of the threats affecting the species and habitats. We assessed the threatened status of the endemic Moroccan monocotyledons at the species level (59 species) using the IUCN Red List criteria and categories (Version 3.1). This study shows the high extinction risk to the Moroccan monocotyledon flora, with 95% of threatened species (20% Critically Endangered, 50% Endangered, 25% Vulnerable) and only 5% not threatened (2% Near Threatened and 3% Least Concern). The flora is thus of conservation concern, which is poorly recognized, both nationally and internationally. The study presents the first part and so far the only national IUCN Red Data List for a large group of Moroccan plants, and thus provides an overview of the threatened Moroccan flora. This IUCN Red List is an important first step towards the recognition of the danger to Moroccan biodiversity hotspots, conservation of threatened species and the raising of public awareness at national and international levels

Citation de Mohamed Sijelmassi : Les signes du tatouage maghrébin, 10/19

Sijelmassi Mohamed. Citation de Mohamed Sijelmassi : Les signes du tatouage maghrébin, 10/19. In: Sorcières : les femmes vivent, n°7, 1977. Ecritures. p. 23

Proprietes de la communication a travers des canaux FiFo

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Citation de Mohamed Sijelmassi : Les signes du tatouage maghrébin, 10/19

Sijelmassi Mohamed. Citation de Mohamed Sijelmassi : Les signes du tatouage maghrébin, 10/19. In: Sorcières : les femmes vivent, n°7, 1977. Ecritures. p. 23

Amélioration du transfert thermique par optimisation de la géométrie d'une conduite de révolution

L'objectif de ce travail est de déterminer une forme de profil de vitesse à l'entrée d'un tube circulaire, ainsi que la forme géométrique de la paroi de la conduite correspondant, permettant de maximiser le transfert de chaleur à l'intérieur de la conduite. On considère la convection mixte, bidimensionnelle, laminaire pour un fluide newtonien, en géométrie axisymetrique. Le profil de vitesse axiale à l'entrée du tube optimum, est obtenu numériquement, en résolvant le système d'équations aux dérivées partielles en coordonnées cylindriques, par une méthode aux différences finies. Pratiquement ce profil est obtenu en modifiant sur une longueur donnée, la forme de la paroi de la conduite créée par des perturbations particulières du profil amont, ce qui permet de générer le profil choisi