A new Q-matrix in the Eight-Vertex Model

We construct a $Q$-matrix for the eight-vertex model at roots of unity for crossing parameter $\eta=2mK/L$ with odd $L$, a case for which the existing constructions do not work. The new $Q$-matrix \Q depends as usual on the spectral parameter and also on a free parameter $t$. For $t=0$ \Q has the standard properties. For $t\neq 0$, however, it does not commute with the operator $S$ and not with itself for different values of the spectral parameter. We show that the six-vertex limit of \Q(v,t=iK'/2) exists.Comment: 10 pages section on quasiperiodicity added, typo corrected, published versio

Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Orthoptera(insecta) Di Gunung Kendeng Dan Gunung Botol, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, Jawa Barat, Indonesia*[diversity and Abundance of Orthoptera (Insect) at Gunung Kendeng and Gunung Botol, Gunung Halimun National Park, We

Study on diversity and abundance of Orthoptera (insect) was conducted at a tropical mountainous rainforest of Java, Mounts Kendeng and Botol, Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia, from January to March 2002. Total Orthoptera captured was 414 individuals,consist of 25 species and 9 families. Shannon Diversity Index and evenness were higher at Mount of Kendeng (2.44 and 0.81) rather than Mount Botol (1.80 and 0.66).Similarity Index of Jaccard and Sorenson of both localities were similar (0.40 and 0.32).Relative abundant of each family and species will be compared between the two locations also

Keanekaragaman, Perilaku Kunjungan, Dan Efektivitas Serangga Penyerbuk Pada Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus Linn.)

Cucumber is a monoceous plant and require pollinators for pollination process. Diversity and foraging activity of pollinators affect the effectiveness of pollination, which can improve the yields. The aim of this research were to study the diversity, foraging behavior, and effectiveness of insect pollinators on cucumber plants. Scan sampling was used as on of the methodology for observing pollinator diversity, while foraging behavior was observed using focal sampling. Pollination effectiveness were measured based on the number of fruit set of opened and caged plants. Fifteen species were found as pollinator of cucumber, i.e., Xylocopa confusa Pérez, Xylocopa latipes (Drury), Xylocopa caerulea Fabricius, Ceratina bryanti Cockerell, Amegilla burnensis Lieftinck, Nomia quadridentata Bingham, Nomia sp., Megachile unbripennis Smith, Megachile aff. disjuncta Fabricius, Megachile conjuncta Smith, Campsomeris javana Lepeletier, Syrphus sp., Parasyrphus sp., Eurema hecabe Linnaeus, and Vanessa cardui Linnaeus. The longest visit on cucumber flower pattern was by Syrphus sp. (50.71 seconds/flower), while the shortest visit was by X. confusa (4.78 seconds/flower). Pollination by insects increase 100% production as measured by healthy fruit per plant. Pollination also increase 77.61% of seeds number per fruit and 28.57% of seed weight

Small-angle impurity scattering and the spin Hall conductivity in 2D systems

An arbitrarily small concentration of impurities can affect the spin Hall conductivity in a two-dimensional semiconductor system. We develop a Boltzmann-like equation that can be used for impurity scattering with arbitrary angular dependence, and for arbitrary angular dependence of the spin-orbit field b(k) around the Fermi surface. For a model applicable to a 2D hole system in GaAs, if the impurity scattering is not isotropic, we find that the spin Hall conductivity depends on the derivative of b with respect to the energy and on deviations from a parabolic band structure, as well as on the angular dependence of the scattering. In principle, the resulting spin Hall conductivity can be larger or smaller than the ``intrinsic value'', and can have opposite sign. In the limit of small angle scattering, in a model appropriate for small hole concentrations, where the band is parabolic and b ~ k^3, the spin Hall conductivity has opposite sign from the intrinsic value, and has larger magnitude. Our analysis assumes that the spin-orbit splitting $b$ and the transport scattering rate tau^{-1} are both small compared to the Fermi energy, but the method is valid for for arbitrary value of b*tau.Comment: Errors corrected, references adde

Peran Keluarga Dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker Serviks

Introduction. Cervical cancer diagnosis has been a major burden both for patients and their family. For patients, cervical cancer obliterated some of their role as a wife and a mother. Most patients with advance cancer have low score of quality of life indicating they have problems. Family must take care of their beloved ones dealing with the diagnosis, treatment, and side effects of cervical cancer. Family as a caregiver might be ill prepared to undertake that role. The objective of this research was to identify the correlation of family health task on quality of life in patients with cervical cancer. Methods. This research employed cross-sectional design. Population in this research was all patients with cervical cancer in gynecology ward Dr Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya. Participant for this research were patients with cervical cancer and their family. Data were taken by structured interview using Fact Cx for Quality of life and family health task question form. Linear regression analysis was applied with level of significance ≤0.05. Results. Most family had moderate level of family health task while most patients also have moderate level of quality of life. Unfortunately there are no significance correlations of family health task on quality of life in patients with cervical cancer. Discussion. Quality of life in patient with cervical cancer was not affected directly by their family health task. Nonetheless patient gratefully thanks family for their support during their cancer treatments

SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN MELON (Cucumis melo L.) YANG DIBERI KASCING DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH PADA SPODOSOL: The Chemical Properties, growth an yield of Meloon (Cucumis melo L.) Which given vermicompost and growth Regulatory Substances on Spodosol

This study aims to determine the effect of vermicompost fertilizer on changes in the chemical properties of spodosol as a growing medium for melons and to determine the growth and yield of melons treated with gibberellins as growth regulators. The study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor is the dose of vermicompost 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 g vermicompost per polybag equivalent to 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 t. vermicompost ha-1. The second factor is the provision of plant growth regulators Agrogibb 40 SL given in the generative phase consisting of 2 two levels, namely: 0 and 0.5 mL L-1 with 4 replications. The results showed that the application of vermicompost fertilizer on spodosols was able to increase soil pH and available P, but organic C and total soil N tended to decrease, plants were able to grow significantly better. There was no interaction between the application of vermicompost fertilizer and plant growth regulators giberelin on the yield of melons. Kascing fertilizer with a dose of 90 g plant-1, the fruit flesh was thicker and the highest tight weight was obtained at a dose of 120 g plant-1. The application of gibberellin growth regulator with a concentration of 0.5 mL L-1 was able to significantly increase fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit thickness, wet and dry weight of melon plant

Lateral patterning of multilayer InAs/GaAs(001) quantum dot structures by in-vacuo focused ion beam

We report on the effects of patterning and layering on multilayer InAs/GaAs(001) quantum dot structures laterally ordered using an in vacuo focused ion beam. The patterned hole size and lateral pattern spacing affected the quantum dot size and the fidelity of the quantum dots with respect to the lateral patterns. 100% pattern fidelity was retained after six layers of dots for a 9.0 ms focused ion beam dwell time and 2.0 µm lateral pattern spacing. Analysis of the change in quantum dot size as a function of pattern spacing provided a means of estimating the maximum average adatom surface diffusion length to be approximately 500 nm, and demonstrated the ability to alter the wetting layer thickness via pattern spacing. Increasing the number of layers from six to 26 resulted in mound formation, which destroyed the pattern fidelity at close pattern spacings and led to a bimodal quantum dot size distribution as measured by atomic force microscopy. The bimodal size distribution also affected the optical properties of the dots, causing a split quantum dot photoluminescence peak where the separation between the split peaks increased with increasing pattern spacing.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98602/1/0957-4484_23_13_135401.pd

The dicey dinner dilemma : asymmetry in predator-prey risk-taking, a broadly-applicable alternative to the life-dinner principle

RKH is grateful to both the University of St Andrews and the Perry Foundation for funding.Forty years ago, the ‘life‐dinner principle’ was proposed as an example of an asymmetry that may lead prey species to experience stronger selection than their predators, thus accounting for the high frequency with which prey escape alive from interaction with a predator. This principle remains an influential concept in the scientific literature, despite several works suggesting that the concept relies on many under‐appreciated assumptions and does not apply as generally as was initially proposed. Here, we present a novel model describing a very different asymmetry to that proposed in the life‐dinner principle, but one that could apply broadly. We argue that asymmetries between the relative costs and benefits to predators and prey of selecting a risky behaviour during an extended predator–prey encounter could lead to an enhanced likelihood of escape for the prey. Any resulting advantage to prey depends upon there being a behaviour or choice that introduces some inherent danger to both predator and prey if they adopt it, but which if the prey adopts the predator must match in order to have a chance of successful predation. We suggest that the circumstances indicated by our model could apply broadly across diverse taxa, including both risky spatial or behavioural choices.PostprintPeer reviewe

PENGARUH KOMPOS LIMBAH BAGLOG JAMUR TIRAM DAN PUPUK HAYATI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI KERITING (Capsicum annum L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN

The objectives of this study namely analyze of waste baglog of effect oyster mushrooms compost to growth and yield curly chilli on Peat Land and to find out the doses of waste baglog of oyster mushrooms compost which give the best curly chilli growth and yield. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design factorial (CRD), which consists of two factors treatments. The first factor was giving the waste baglog of oyster mushrooms compost which consists of four levels, namely: control, 100, 200 and 300 gpolybag-1. The second factor was giving the biofertilizer which consists of three levels, namely: control, 40 and 60 gpolybag-1.The results showed that the interaction waste compost baglog oyster mushrooms and biofertilizer only be obtained at the age of two weeks after planting the plant height chilli curls and composting waste baglog oyster mushrooms very significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, days to flowering plants, productive branches, the amount of fruit and fresh weight per plant. Composting 100 g  polybag-1 is the best dosage. Biofertilizer application significantly higher only in the high growth of curly chilli plant