PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE RUFOUS-NAPED WREN (CAMPYLORHYNCHUS RUFINUCHA): SPECIATION AND HYBRIDIZATION IN MESOAMERICA

The Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) is a sedentary, morphologically variable species distributed in the dry forests of Mesoamerica. It ranges from Colima, Mexico, south to Costa Rica along the Pacific slope, with a disjunct population in central Veracruz. Populations of two forms on the Pacific slope intergrade in Chiapas, Mexico, apparently as a result of secondary contact. We sequenced a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene to explore phylogeographic patterns and hybridization. We found three divergent lineages, two geographically spanning the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and a disjunct Veracruz population. Analyses of molecular variation and statistics are consistent with genetically distinct populations. Morphological and behavioral evidence from other studies is consistent with the existence of these three independent evolutionary lineages. However, the geographic distribution of haplotypes suggests mtDNA introgression east of the isthmus. Our data suggest that this secondary contact could be explained by population expansions. We recommend recognizing three species, two of which hybridize in a narrow contact zone

PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE RUFOUS-NAPED WREN (CAMPYLORHYNCHUS RUFINUCHA): SPECIATION AND HYBRIDIZATION IN MESOAMERICA

The Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) is a sedentary, morphologically variable species distributed in the dry forests of Mesoamerica. It ranges from Colima, Mexico, south to Costa Rica along the Pacific slope, with a disjunct population in central Veracruz. Populations of two forms on the Pacific slope intergrade in Chiapas, Mexico, apparently as a result of secondary contact. We sequenced a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene to explore phylogeographic patterns and hybridization. We found three divergent lineages, two geographically spanning the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and a disjunct Veracruz population. Analyses of molecular variation and statistics are consistent with genetically distinct populations. Morphological and behavioral evidence from other studies is consistent with the existence of these three independent evolutionary lineages. However, the geographic distribution of haplotypes suggests mtDNA introgression east of the isthmus. Our data suggest that this secondary contact could be explained by population expansions. We recommend recognizing three species, two of which hybridize in a narrow contact zone

A global distributed biodiversity information network: Building the world museum

Volume: 123AStart Page: 186End Page: 19

Bird Diversity Patterns in the Nuclear Central American Highlands: A Conservation Priority in the Northern Neotropics

The Nuclear Central American Highlands (NCAH) is a mountainous region located within a complex transition zone. Here, we analyzed the distribution patterns of 282 species of resident land birds of the NCAH. We gathered a database with records of presence of species, from which we generated realized ecological niche models using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production. These ecological niche models were used to obtain maps of each species’ potential distribution and generated species richness maps that were also compared to the map of protected areas. In addition, the maps were overlaid with a 0.25° diameter hexagonal grid to generate a presence–absence matrix to create regionalizations through (a) a Parsimony Analysis of Endemism and (b) a phenogram. Results show contrasting patterns of distribution between total species richness and endemic species richness. The regionalizations show groups influenced by slope and altitude. Species composition is mainly Mesoamerican and Neotropical species. Our results offer a new view of the regional understanding of bird diversity patterns and biogeographical processes that have shaped regional richness, like the effects of the Great American Biotic Interchange that are visible in the species composition of the NCAH. We believe that these maps of both species richness and regionalization can serve as useful tools for conservation biologists and authorities in implementing strategies for the protection of natural areas in the NCAH

Relíquias sagradas e a construção do território cristão na Idade Moderna

O texto investiga um elemento estratégico para promovera cristianização do território da América Portuguesa nos dois primeiros séculos de ocupação: as relíquias sagradas, restos físicos dos santos, principalmente seus ossos, mas também outros artefatos com os quais os santos tiveram contato. Os atributos simultâneos de sacralidade e mobilidade da maior parte das relíquias, sua condição de repositório portátil da história e da memória católicas, deram a esses artefatos uma posição altamente privilegiada como agentes da duplicação do território cristão na América. Utilizando fontes documentais dos dois lados do Atlântico Ibérico, o texto investiga processos de descobertas, traslado e produção de relíquias sagradas, revelando sua função primordial de estruturação do espaço cristão. Além disso, mostra que as relíquias sagradas constituíram objetos em torno dos quais missionários e índios estabeleceram um campo de traduções e interlocuções, levando adiante, nas vertentes católica e ameríndia, o difícil trabalho de reconhecimento e apropriação do outro