92 research outputs found
A short pollen diagram from Crown Lagoon in the Midlands of Tasmania
Pollen analysis of a 2 m core from the floor of Crown Lagoon in the Midlands of Tasmania indicates that the vegetation varied from grassy woodland through grassland to grassy woodland and grassy open-forest during late Pleistocene and Holocene times. It is suggested that these variations represent changes of climate from moister to colder and drier conditions. during the later part of the Last Glacial Stage (25 000-10 000 BP) with a return to moister conditions in the Holocene. The core is undated
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Physical and Water Quality Data
Researchers from the Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch, Environmental Protection Agency in Newport presented results of multi-year cruises as will other time-series data
Coastal Upwelling Supplies Oxygen-Depleted Water to the Columbia River Estuary
Low dissolved oxygen (DO) is a common feature of many estuarine and shallow-water
environments, and is often attributed to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment from
terrestrial-fluvial pathways. However, recent events in the U.S. Pacific
Northwest have highlighted that wind-forced upwelling can cause naturally
occurring low DO water to move onto the continental shelf, leading to
mortalities of benthic fish and invertebrates. Coastal estuaries in the Pacific
Northwest are strongly linked to ocean forcings, and here we report observations
on the spatial and temporal patterns of oxygen concentration in the Columbia
River estuary. Hydrographic measurements were made from transect (spatial
survey) or anchor station (temporal survey) deployments over a variety of wind
stresses and tidal states during the upwelling seasons of 2006 through 2008.
During this period, biologically stressful levels of dissolved oxygen were
observed to enter the Columbia River estuary from oceanic sources, with minimum
values close to the hypoxic threshold of 2.0 mg L−1. Riverine
water was consistently normoxic. Upwelling wind stress controlled the timing and
magnitude of low DO events, while tidal-modulated estuarine circulation patterns
influenced the spatial extent and duration of exposure to low DO water. Strong
upwelling during neap tides produced the largest impact on the estuary. The
observed oxygen concentrations likely had deleterious behavioral and
physiological consequences for migrating juvenile salmon and benthic crabs.
Based on a wind-forced supply mechanism, low DO events are probably common to
the Columbia River and other regional estuaries and if conditions on the shelf
deteriorate further, as observations and models predict, Pacific Northwest
estuarine habitats could experience a decrease in environmental quality
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Modern pollen distribution as related to vegetation communities and elevation in the Grand Canyon, Arizona
This item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at [email protected]
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Organic and inorganic geochemistry of the petrification of wood
This item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at [email protected]
Characterising solute transport in undisturbed soil cores using electrical and x-ray tomographic methods.
Solute transport in undisturbed soil is a complex process and detailed information on the transport characteristics is needed to provide fundamental understanding of the processes involved. X-ray computer tomography (CT) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) have been used to gain information on the transport characteristics. Both methods are non-intrusive and do not disturb the soil, in contrast to other methods. CT provides high resolution information on bulk density and macropores, while ERT provides a three-dimensional image of the internal resistivity structure. By adding a suitable solute under steady-state flow, the internal resistivity changes can be interpreted as a change in resident concentrations. In our experiment two cores from different field sites were investigated. The ERT measurements revealed two transport modes (one fast and one slow) in one of the cores and only one mode in the other. This was consistent with the results of transfer function modelling on the independently measured breakthrough curves (BTCs). The fast transport mode is perhaps a result of many connected macropores, detected by CT, but this could not be verified with the ERT measurements because of the coarser resolution. However, with ERT in both cases we were able to explain the observed BTC qualitatively
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