Völkisch, sendungsbewusst und bio

Rechtsextremisten, das waren lange Zeit überwiegend gewaltbereite junge Männer in einschlägiger Kleidung, Mitglieder militanter Gruppen, die keinen Hehl aus ihrer Überzeugung machten, sich in Cliquen, Gruppen und Parteien separierten und Aufmärsche, Parteitage und einschlägige Feiern organisierten. Diese Zeit ist vorbei. Das Phänomen Rechtsextremismus ist komplexer geworden, was der Artikel mit Blick auf Mecklenburg-Vorpommern nachzeichnet. (DIPF/Orig.

Intermediate temperature SOFC single cell test using Nd1.95NiO4+δ as cathode

This work deals with SOFC single cell tests using neodymium nickelate Nd1.95NiO4+δ as cathode material. This MIEC oxide exhibits high values of both surface exchange coefficient (k) and oxygen diffusion coefficient (D*), as well as high electronic conductivity, which result in an enhanced electrochemical activity with respect to classical materials. The SOFC cells were fabricated from an anode-supported electrolyte half-cell provided by InDEC B.V. Corporation, with a 36mmdiameter. The Nd1.95NiO4+δ cathode was prepared as a two-stage electrode consisting of a thin interlayer of several hundred nanometers covered by a thicker layer of dozens microns. The Nd1.95NiO4+δ oxide powders were synthesized using different routes in order to reduce the final annealing temperature, and to subsequently obtain submicronic powders. I–V characteristics of the single cells were investigated under hydrogen–air conditions. The power densities versus current densities curves are reported and the results of impedance spectroscopy measurements performed under these operating conditions are discussed

Interventioneller Verschluss oder medikamentöse Therapie bei Patienten mit peristierendem Foramen ovale und kryptogenem Schlaganfall / transitorisch ischämischer Attacke

Hintergrund: Bis vor wenigen Jahren gab es keine eindeutigen Empfehlungen zur Sekundärprävention nach ischämischem Schlaganfall (IS)/transitorischer ischämischer Attacke (TIA), die auf ein persistierendes Foramen ovale (PFO) zurückzuführen waren. Mehrere groß angelegte randomisiert kontrollierte Studien (RCT) lieferten hierbei vor allem Richtlinien für Patienten unter dem 60. Lebensjahr. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das interventionelle und medikamentöse PFO-Management bei kryptogenem Schlaganfall oder TIA zu vergleichen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wurde hier auf Patienten über 60 Jahre gelegt. Methoden: Es handelt sich um eine prospektiv angelegte Kohortenstudie, in die kontinuierlich PFO-Patienten mit kryptogenem Schlaganfall oder TIA eingeschlossen wurden. Diese Patienten stellten sich auf der Schlaganfallstation (Stroke Unit) der Neurologie der Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Deutschland, vor. Gemäß der SOP wurde der PFO-Verschluss bei Patienten, die 70 Jahre oder jünger waren, mit Hochrisiko-PFO (d.h. ein PFO mit entweder einem assoziierten Vorhofseptum-Aneurysma (ASA), spontanem oder einem hochgradigen Rechts-Links-Shunt bei Valsalva), indiziert. Die primären (rezidivierende ischämische Schlaganfälle oder intrakranielle Blutung) und sekundären Endpunkte (z.B. Grad der Behinderung) wurden während einer mindestens einjährigen Nachbeobachtungszeit beurteilt. Zudem erfolgte eine Subgruppenanalyse von Patienten ≤ 60 und > 60 Jahre. Ergebnisse: 236 Patienten im medianen Alter von 58 (Bereich 18-88) Jahre, wurden kontinuierlich eingeschlossen. 38,6 % der Patienten waren weiblich und der mediane National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSS) lag bei 1 (IQR 0-4). Die Nachverfolgungszeit betrug im Durchschnitt 2.6 ± 1.3 Jahre. Keine intrakraniellen Blutungen wurden beobachtet. Die Rezidivrate für ischämische Schlaganfälle nach PFO-Verschluss lag bei 2.9 % (95% CI 0-6.8 %) bei Hochrisiko-PFO Patienten ≤ 60 Jahre (n = 103), aber bei 7.0 % (4-16.4) bei Hochrisiko-Patienten > 60 Jahre (n = 43) versus 4 % (0-11.5) bei reiner medikamentöser Therapie (n = 28). 42 Patienten mit Niedrigrisiko-PFO und medikamentöser Therapie hatten kein Rezidiv eines Schlaganfalls oder einer TIA. Schlussfolgerung: In unserer prospektiven Studie waren die Schlaganfallrezidivraten bei Hochrisiko-PFO Patienten ≤ 60. Lebensjahr mit interventionellem Verschluss vergleichbar mit den Rezidivraten, die in den letzten randomisiert kontrollierten Studien beobachtet wurden. Hochrisiko-PFO Patienten > 60. Lebensjahr mit interventionellem Verschluss zeigten eine ähnliche Rezidivrate für ischämische Schlaganfälle wie die Patienten mit alleiniger medikamentöser Therapie. Eine medikamentöse Therapie scheint die geeignete Behandlung für Patienten mit Niedrigrisiko-PFO zu sein

SNS-process monitoring in coaching. Resources of young adults in transitions. Project Kraftquellen, final report on youth and work

Das Projekt \u27Kraftquellen\u27 schreibt eine Studie, die im ‚Fachreferat Jugend und Arbeit‘ des Erzbischöflichen Jugendamtes München und Freising zwischen 2015 und 2021 durchgeführt wurde. Untersucht wurden Coachingprozesse junger Erwachsener in ihrer Veränderungsdynamik. Die Teilnehmer*innen kamen aus dem Freiwilligen Sozialen Jahr (FSJ), da diese Lebensphase zwischen Schule, Studium und/oder Ausbildung mit vielen Entscheidungen verbunden ist. Als Begleitprojekt des 2021 veröffentlichten Forschungsprojektes \u27Geduld als Ressource\u27 soll es Aufschluss darüber geben, wie junge Erwachsene in beruflich-privaten Übergängen ressourcenorientiert durch Einzelcoaching gefördert werden können. Die Coachingprozesse wurden methodisch durch das Synergetische Navigationssystem (SNS) begleitet und durch Prof. Dr. Dr. Günter Schiepek, Leiter des Institutes für Synergetik und Psychotherapieforschung von der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, beraten. Basierend auf einer idiographischen Systemmodellierung wurde mit jeder/m Teilnehmer*in ein individueller Fragebogen entwickelt. Dieser wurde digital ca. 70 Tage/Teilnehmer*in bearbeitet und über ein Monitoring auf der SNS-Plattform begleitet. In den Fragebogen gingen Ressourcen des gesundheitlichen Wohlbefindens (WHO-5) und der Geduld (Studie \u27Geduld als Ressource\u27) mit ein. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Zusammenspiel der individuellen Ressourcen eine motivierende Wirkung für den Coachingprozess hat. Die Ressourcen im Feld des Wohlbefindens entsprechen dem Wunsch vieler junger Erwachsener nach Gesundheit. Die Geduld hat eine prozessstabilisierende Wirkung, sie verändert sich im zeitlichen Verlauf und im Kontext, entwickelt sich aber die die Reflektion von Geduld weiter. Insgesamt beschreiben die Coachees die Geduld als wichtige Alltagsressource. Das Projekt \u27Kraftquellen\u27 empfiehlt eine weitergehende Prozessforschung zu Coachingverläufen junger Erwachsener. (Verfasser)The Kraftquellen project is writing a study that was carried out in the \u27Fachreferat Jugend und Arbeit\u27 of the Archbishop\u27s Youth Welfare Office in Munich and Freising between 2015 and 2021. Coaching processes of young adults were examined in terms of their change dynamics. The participants came from the Voluntary Social Year (FSJ), as this phase of life between school, studies and / or training is associated with many decisions. As a companion project to the research project Patience as Resource published in May 2021 (May; Tectum Verlag), it is intended to provide information on how young adults can be promoted in a resource-oriented manner through individual coaching in professional-private transitions. The coaching processes were methodically accompanied by the Synergetic Navigation System (SNS) and by Prof. Dr. Dr. Günter Schiepek, head of the Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research at the Paracelsus Medical Private University in Salzburg. Based on an idiographic system modeling, an individual questionnaire was developed with each participant. This was processed digitally for about 70 days / participant and accompanied by monitoring on the SNS platform. In the questionnaire, resources of health well-being (WHO-5) and patience (study patience as a resource) were included. The study comes to the conclusion that the interplay of individual resources has a motivating effect on the coaching process. The resources in the field of wellbeing correspond to the desire for health of many young adults. Patience has a process-stabilizing effect, it changes over time and in context, but the reflection of patience continues to develop. Overall, the coachees describe patience as an important everyday resource. The Kraftquellen project recommends further process research on coaching courses for young adults. (Author

Resonance Raman spectroscopic analysis of the iron–sulfur cluster redox chain of the Ralstonia eutropha membrane‐bound [NiFe]‐hydrogenase

Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) centers are versatile building blocks in biological electron transfer chains because their redox potentials may cover a wide potential range depending on the type of the cluster and the specific protein environment. Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy is widely used to analyze structural properties of such cofactors, but it remains still a challenge to disentangle the overlapping signals of metalloproteins carrying several Fe–S centers. In this work, we combined RR spectroscopy with protein engineering and X‐ray crystallography to address this issue on the basis of the oxygen‐tolerant membrane‐bound hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha that catalyzes the reversible conversion of hydrogen into protons and electrons. Besides the NiFe‐active site, this enzyme harbors three different Fe–S clusters constituting an electron relay with a distal [4Fe–4S], a medial [3Fe–4S], and an unusual proximal [4Fe–3S] cluster that may carry a hydroxyl ligand in the superoxidized state. RR spectra were measured from protein crystals by varying the crystal orientation with respect to the electric field vector of the incident laser to achieve a preferential RR enhancement for individual Fe–S clusters. In addition to spectral discrimination by selective reduction of the proximal cluster, protein engineering allowed for transforming the proximal and medial cluster into standard cubane‐type [4Fe–4S] centers in the C19G/C120G and P242C variants, respectively. The latter variant was structurally characterized for the first time in this work. Altogether, the entirety of the RR data provided the basis for identifying the vibrational modes characteristic of the various cluster states in this “model” enzyme as a prerequisite for future studies of complex (FeS)‐based electron transfer chains.​DFG, 390540038, EXC 2008: Unifying Systems in Catalysis "UniSysCat"EC/H2020/810856/EU/Twin to Illuminate Metals in Biology and Biocatalysis through Biospectroscopy/TIMB

A brief history of news making in Russia

In this introductory article to our special issue on newsmaking in Russia, we provide a context for how the study of journalism evolved in Russia in contrast to Europe and the US. This brief historical overview helps make sense of the specific trajectory of journalism studies: from normative Cold War perspectives to a highly diverse and vibrant field that considers journalistic agency, the interplay of commercialisation and media control and the complexities of a rapidly changing media environment. The contributions to this special issue present nuanced approaches to self-censorship, the impact of digital technologies and political intervention

Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature – herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land–atmosphere interactions under future climate change.National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network, Long Term Ecological Research, Institute on the Environment, Strategic Resources of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Research Foundation Flanders, VENI grant, NWO-RUBICON grant, NWO-VENI grant, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, German Research Foundation (FZT 118).http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/gcbpm2021Mammal Research InstituteZoology and Entomolog

Basic science232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a leading cause of death. Chronic systemic inflammation involving tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) could contribute to endothelial activation and atherogenesis. A number of anti-TNF therapies are in current use for the treatment of RA, including certolizumab pegol (CZP), (Cimzia ®; UCB, Belgium). Anti-TNF therapy has been associated with reduced clinical cardiovascular disease risk and ameliorated vascular function in RA patients. However, the specific effects of TNF inhibitors on endothelial cell function are largely unknown. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underpinning CZP effects on TNF-activated human endothelial cells. Methods: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were cultured in vitro and exposed to a) TNF alone, b) TNF plus CZP, or c) neither agent. Microarray analysis was used to examine the transcriptional profile of cells treated for 6 hrs and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysed gene expression at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hrs. NF-κB localization and IκB degradation were investigated using immunocytochemistry, high content analysis and western blotting. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect microparticle release from HAoECs. Results: Transcriptional profiling revealed that while TNF alone had strong effects on endothelial gene expression, TNF and CZP in combination produced a global gene expression pattern similar to untreated control. The two most highly up-regulated genes in response to TNF treatment were adhesion molecules E-selectin and VCAM-1 (q 0.2 compared to control; p > 0.05 compared to TNF alone). The NF-κB pathway was confirmed as a downstream target of TNF-induced HAoEC activation, via nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκB, effects which were abolished by treatment with CZP. In addition, flow cytometry detected an increased production of endothelial microparticles in TNF-activated HAoECs, which was prevented by treatment with CZP. Conclusions: We have found at a cellular level that a clinically available TNF inhibitor, CZP reduces the expression of adhesion molecule expression, and prevents TNF-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, CZP prevents the production of microparticles by activated endothelial cells. This could be central to the prevention of inflammatory environments underlying these conditions and measurement of microparticles has potential as a novel prognostic marker for future cardiovascular events in this patient group. Disclosure statement: Y.A. received a research grant from UCB. I.B. received a research grant from UCB. S.H. received a research grant from UCB. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interes

BHPR research: qualitative1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis

Background: Foot surgery is common in patients with RA but research into surgical outcomes is limited and conceptually flawed as current outcome measures lack face validity: to date no one has asked patients what is important to them. This study aimed to determine which factors are important to patients when evaluating the success of foot surgery in RA Methods: Semi structured interviews of RA patients who had undergone foot surgery were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted to explore issues that were important to patients. Results: 11 RA patients (9 ♂, mean age 59, dis dur = 22yrs, mean of 3 yrs post op) with mixed experiences of foot surgery were interviewed. Patients interpreted outcome in respect to a multitude of factors, frequently positive change in one aspect contrasted with negative opinions about another. Overall, four major themes emerged. Function: Functional ability & participation in valued activities were very important to patients. Walking ability was a key concern but patients interpreted levels of activity in light of other aspects of their disease, reflecting on change in functional ability more than overall level. Positive feelings of improved mobility were often moderated by negative self perception ("I mean, I still walk like a waddling duck”). Appearance: Appearance was important to almost all patients but perhaps the most complex theme of all. Physical appearance, foot shape, and footwear were closely interlinked, yet patients saw these as distinct separate concepts. Patients need to legitimize these feelings was clear and they frequently entered into a defensive repertoire ("it's not cosmetic surgery; it's something that's more important than that, you know?”). Clinician opinion: Surgeons' post operative evaluation of the procedure was very influential. The impact of this appraisal continued to affect patients' lasting impression irrespective of how the outcome compared to their initial goals ("when he'd done it ... he said that hasn't worked as good as he'd wanted to ... but the pain has gone”). Pain: Whilst pain was important to almost all patients, it appeared to be less important than the other themes. Pain was predominately raised when it influenced other themes, such as function; many still felt the need to legitimize their foot pain in order for health professionals to take it seriously ("in the end I went to my GP because it had happened a few times and I went to an orthopaedic surgeon who was quite dismissive of it, it was like what are you complaining about”). Conclusions: Patients interpret the outcome of foot surgery using a multitude of interrelated factors, particularly functional ability, appearance and surgeons' appraisal of the procedure. While pain was often noted, this appeared less important than other factors in the overall outcome of the surgery. Future research into foot surgery should incorporate the complexity of how patients determine their outcome Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interes