10 research outputs found
Studying effects of external conditions of electrochemical measurements on the photoelectrochemical properties of semiconductors: cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and Mott β Schottky method
In this paper, the dependences of the semiconductorsβ photoelectrochemical properties on the experimental conditions were studied for the solid solution of CdS and ZnS, graphitic carbon nitride, and the platinized carbon nitride. The cyclic voltammograms were obtained under different scan rates. The sample investigations were carried out by two ways, at the constant external voltage and varied amplitudes and at different external voltages and the fixed amplitude. The Mott β Schottky dependences were studied at different frequencies. The basic dependences of the changes in the photoelectrode target characteristics on the experimental condition were found. Some recommendations for the correct comparison of qualitative and quantitative photoelectrochemical data were formulated.https://doi.org/10.15826/elmattech.2023.2.01
Semi-Wild Population of Kulans in the Bukhara Breeding Centre and Their Co-Habitation with Przewalskiβs Horses
Asiatic wild asses and Przewalski\u27s horses initially inhabited steppe, semi-desert and desert areas, but Przewalski\u27s horses became extinct in the wild, and kulans are under threat of disappearance. The Bukhara Breeding Centre (Uzbekistan) was created in 1976 for conservation and reintroduction of wild ungulate species. In 1977-1978, five kulans (two males and three females) from Barsa-Kelmes Island on the Aral lake were introduced to the reserve. The group increased to 25-30 animals in 1995-1998, when five Przewalski\u27s horses from Moscow and St. Petersburg zoos were introduced to the same territory. We analyzed the home ranges, preferred habitats and social interactions of these closely related species during 1995-1999 by season and group composition. Horses and kulans each formed a reproductive group and a secondary bachelor group. The home range of the secondary group in both species was larger then that of the reproductive group and seemed to be less dependent on watering places. Kulans and Przewalski\u27s horses demonstrated different strategies of habitat use. They can share one area without serious conflicts, avoiding competition by the temporal differentiation in the usage of key sites
Links between soil bacteriobiomes and fungistasis toward fungi infecting the Colorado potato beetle
Entomopathogenic fungi can be inhibited by different soil microorganisms, but the effect of a soil microbiota on fungal growth, survival, and infectivity toward insects is insufficiently understood. We investigated the level of fungistasis toward Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana in soils of conventional potato fields and kitchen potato gardens. Agar diffusion methods, 16S rDNA metabarcoding, bacterial DNA quantification, and assays of Leptinotarsa decemlineata survival in soils inoculated with fungal conidia were used. Soils of kitchen gardens showed stronger fungistasis toward M. robertsii and B. bassiana and at the same time the highest density of the fungi compared to soils of conventional fields. The fungistasis level depended on the quantity of bacterial DNA and relative abundance of Bacillus, Streptomyces, and some Proteobacteria, whose abundance levels were the highest in kitchen garden soils. Cultivable isolates of bacilli exhibited antagonism to both fungi in vitro. Assays involving inoculation of nonsterile soils with B. bassiana conidia showed trends toward elevated mortality of L. decemlineata in highly fungistatic soils compared to low-fungistasis ones. Introduction of antagonistic bacilli into sterile soil did not significantly change infectivity of B. bassiana toward the insect. The results support the idea that entomopathogenic fungi can infect insects within a hypogean habitat despite high abundance and diversity of soil antagonistic bacteria
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°: ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
This article explores the current direction of modern geopolitics associated with conflicts of our time.
In particular, attention is paid to the analysis of the origins of the aggressive policy of the leading world
countries, especially the United States. The authors argue that one of the principal causes of todayβs
regional conflicts that could potentially develop into the world conflicts is the concept of βuniversal
values.β The author focuses on the fact that the initiator of such conflicts may be the subjects of
globalization. The forcible imposition of such Westernistic standards gives rise to the active rejection
in many countries.
The threat of a geopolitical conflict is determined by the transnational information networks uniting
the whole world space because ubiquitousness of the extremely intensive mass media and relatively
high geographic mobility contribute to the emergence of zones of irrationality.
The line between the internal and interstate conflicts existed for a long period of time, although it
was not too severe. With the end of the Cold War this line rapidly began to get blurred: it is the
limited conflicts of the internal internationalized nature that have become the main type of the military
confrontation in the 90βs. At this, the internal internationalized conflicts have combined the most
dangerous features of both international and internal conflicts.
When analyzing the causes of geopolitical conflicts of the globalization era we should assume that
the interaction of interests on the international scene is often conflicting in nature and it is impossible
to remove the conflicts from political practices at all; it is necessary to learn how to manage them
minimizing potential costs and damage.
The Western policy of globalization aimed at the destruction of national cultures and practices of
globalization in many ways is defined by the subjects of the globalization pressure seeking to impose
their own standards to the world community. One of the most dangerous manifestations of the
globalization pressure is the policy of βdouble standardsβ, the display of which is the use of force in
international relations and the willingness to apply it in defiance of the international law.
Due to the fact that the world is gradually losing its multipolarity, the globalization methods are
becoming more open and aggressive. Fundamentals of stability of the modern system, its viability
and activity are declared as derivatives of the state of the American resources, political will and
intellect.
At the beginning of the 21st century for the first time in a hundred years foreign countries started talking
about the empire and imperial thinking without the usual liberal judgment accepting it as a real fact
of political and cultural life The author shows that under the influence of the increasing βneo-Eurasianismβ a large place in
geopolitical constructions is given to the cultural, civilizational and confessional factors.
Mankind is on the threshold of a qualitatively new and, therefore, unknown period of its development.
On the one hand, the nature changing era is ending: the anthropogenic load approached the objective
limit and a person begins to solve this problem by adapting himself to the environment. On the
other hand, technology is breaking out from the social control, as it was during the transition from
feudalism to capitalism carrying not just new social relations, but also a new face of the whole of
humanity. Instead of the Westernistic world with dominating parameters of the Western rationalistic
civilization, a new civilization is gradually formed on the basis of the organic combination of unity
and indivisibility of the world community on the one hand, diversification and pluralism of peoples,
cultures and religions, on the other.
Real stability in the international community might be achieved if in solving regional conflicts we
take into account the traditions and rely on time-tested international organizations. In this regard,
it is important to see the natural aspiration of the peoples for integration as a guarantor of the
occurrence of geopolitical conflicts while rejecting all attempts to forcibly impart the system of
βWestern valuesβ to the peoples because it is fraught with all kinds of conflicts, including the nuclear
one.
The article states that when studying a geopolitical meaning of the contemporary conflicts it is necessary
to consider that in modern Europe there are conflicts that are absolutely taboo for a βdemocratic
discussionβ. A range of opinions on the problem is also due to ignorance of the conceptual apparatus
of the phenomenon under study and a free addressing with the associated scientific concepts. In
other words, the study of the problems of globalism and globalization involves the development of a
concerted and recognized concept about their nature and taking into account their free variations in
the subsequent interpretationΠ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ,
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, Π² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π¨Π.
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ». ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅,
ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°.
Π£Π³ΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ.
Π‘ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ: ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² 90-Ρ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ,
ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅;
Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ±.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Β», ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Ρ.
Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ Π·Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ
ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Β«Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Β» Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ.
Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: aΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ β ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ,
Π½Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ,
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΉ β Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ.
Π Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ», ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ.
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ
Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Β«Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ». Π Π°Π·Π±ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ
ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°: ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
This article explores the current direction of modern geopolitics associated with conflicts of our time.
In particular, attention is paid to the analysis of the origins of the aggressive policy of the leading world
countries, especially the United States. The authors argue that one of the principal causes of todayβs
regional conflicts that could potentially develop into the world conflicts is the concept of βuniversal
values.β The author focuses on the fact that the initiator of such conflicts may be the subjects of
globalization. The forcible imposition of such Westernistic standards gives rise to the active rejection
in many countries.
The threat of a geopolitical conflict is determined by the transnational information networks uniting
the whole world space because ubiquitousness of the extremely intensive mass media and relatively
high geographic mobility contribute to the emergence of zones of irrationality.
The line between the internal and interstate conflicts existed for a long period of time, although it
was not too severe. With the end of the Cold War this line rapidly began to get blurred: it is the
limited conflicts of the internal internationalized nature that have become the main type of the military
confrontation in the 90βs. At this, the internal internationalized conflicts have combined the most
dangerous features of both international and internal conflicts.
When analyzing the causes of geopolitical conflicts of the globalization era we should assume that
the interaction of interests on the international scene is often conflicting in nature and it is impossible
to remove the conflicts from political practices at all; it is necessary to learn how to manage them
minimizing potential costs and damage.
The Western policy of globalization aimed at the destruction of national cultures and practices of
globalization in many ways is defined by the subjects of the globalization pressure seeking to impose
their own standards to the world community. One of the most dangerous manifestations of the
globalization pressure is the policy of βdouble standardsβ, the display of which is the use of force in
international relations and the willingness to apply it in defiance of the international law.
Due to the fact that the world is gradually losing its multipolarity, the globalization methods are
becoming more open and aggressive. Fundamentals of stability of the modern system, its viability
and activity are declared as derivatives of the state of the American resources, political will and
intellect.
At the beginning of the 21st century for the first time in a hundred years foreign countries started talking
about the empire and imperial thinking without the usual liberal judgment accepting it as a real fact
of political and cultural life The author shows that under the influence of the increasing βneo-Eurasianismβ a large place in
geopolitical constructions is given to the cultural, civilizational and confessional factors.
Mankind is on the threshold of a qualitatively new and, therefore, unknown period of its development.
On the one hand, the nature changing era is ending: the anthropogenic load approached the objective
limit and a person begins to solve this problem by adapting himself to the environment. On the
other hand, technology is breaking out from the social control, as it was during the transition from
feudalism to capitalism carrying not just new social relations, but also a new face of the whole of
humanity. Instead of the Westernistic world with dominating parameters of the Western rationalistic
civilization, a new civilization is gradually formed on the basis of the organic combination of unity
and indivisibility of the world community on the one hand, diversification and pluralism of peoples,
cultures and religions, on the other.
Real stability in the international community might be achieved if in solving regional conflicts we
take into account the traditions and rely on time-tested international organizations. In this regard,
it is important to see the natural aspiration of the peoples for integration as a guarantor of the
occurrence of geopolitical conflicts while rejecting all attempts to forcibly impart the system of
βWestern valuesβ to the peoples because it is fraught with all kinds of conflicts, including the nuclear
one.
The article states that when studying a geopolitical meaning of the contemporary conflicts it is necessary
to consider that in modern Europe there are conflicts that are absolutely taboo for a βdemocratic
discussionβ. A range of opinions on the problem is also due to ignorance of the conceptual apparatus
of the phenomenon under study and a free addressing with the associated scientific concepts. In
other words, the study of the problems of globalism and globalization involves the development of a
concerted and recognized concept about their nature and taking into account their free variations in
the subsequent interpretationΠ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ,
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, Π² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π¨Π.
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ». ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅,
ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°.
Π£Π³ΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ.
Π‘ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ: ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² 90-Ρ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ,
ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅;
Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ±.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Β», ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Ρ.
Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ Π·Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ
ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Β«Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Β» Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ.
Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: aΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ β ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ,
Π½Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ,
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΉ β Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ.
Π Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ», ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ.
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ
Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Β«Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ». Π Π°Π·Π±ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ
ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ
Semi-Wild Population of Kulans in the Bukhara Breeding Centre and Their Co-Habitation with Przewalskiβs Horses
Asiatic wild asses and Przewalski\u27s horses initially inhabited steppe, semi-desert and desert areas, but Przewalski\u27s horses became extinct in the wild, and kulans are under threat of disappearance. The Bukhara Breeding Centre (Uzbekistan) was created in 1976 for conservation and reintroduction of wild ungulate species. In 1977-1978, five kulans (two males and three females) from Barsa-Kelmes Island on the Aral lake were introduced to the reserve. The group increased to 25-30 animals in 1995-1998, when five Przewalski\u27s horses from Moscow and St. Petersburg zoos were introduced to the same territory. We analyzed the home ranges, preferred habitats and social interactions of these closely related species during 1995-1999 by season and group composition. Horses and kulans each formed a reproductive group and a secondary bachelor group. The home range of the secondary group in both species was larger then that of the reproductive group and seemed to be less dependent on watering places. Kulans and Przewalski\u27s horses demonstrated different strategies of habitat use. They can share one area without serious conflicts, avoiding competition by the temporal differentiation in the usage of key sites
Water-soluble carbonyl complexes of 99Tc(I) and Re(I) with adamantane-cage aminophosphines PTA and CAP
Pentacarbonyl complexes of 99Tc and Re [M(CAP)(CO)5]X and [M(PTA)(CO)5]X (Mβ―=β―99Tc or Re and Xβ―=β―ClO4β or OTfβ) with aminophosphine ligands 1,4,7-triaza-9-phosphatricyclo[5.3.214,9]tridecane (CAP) and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) were prepared for the first time by the reaction of [MX(CO)5] (Mβ―=β―99Tc or Re, Xβ―=β―ClO4β or OTfβ) with CAP and PTA in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The reaction of [TcCl(CO)5] with CAP in refluxing CH2Cl2 yields the tricarbonyl complex [99TcCl(CAP)2(CO)3]. Treatment of [Re(H2O)3(CO)3]Cl with CAP in aqueous solution at 40β50β―Β°C gives the rhenium analog [ReCl(CAP)2(CO)3]. Both penta- and tricarbonyl phosphine complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, MS) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The [M(PTA)(CO)5]X complexes are soluble in aqueous solutions, whereas their CAP analogs are not. The CAP complexes become water-soluble after acidification with dilute acids. As the pH of their aqueous solutions increases, they start to slowly degrade at pH 8 and completely decompose at pH 14. In acidic media, the pentacarbonyl complexes undergo stepwise protonation and are stable indefinitely
Bimetallic Pt-IrO<sub>x</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalysts for the Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light
Two series of bimetallic photocatalysts (0.5% Pt/0.01β0.5% IrOx/g-C3N4 and 0.1% Pt/0.01β0.1% IrOx/g-C3N4) were synthesized by the thermolysis of melamine cyanurate and a successive deposition of platinum and iridium labile complexes (Me4N)2[Pt2(ΞΌ-OH)2(NO3)8] and fac-[Ir(H2O)3(NO2)3. The synthesized photocatalysts were studied by a set of physicochemical analysis techniques. Platinum exists in two states, with up to 60% in metallic form and the rest in the Pt2+ state, while iridium is primarily oxidized to the Ir3+ state, which was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specific surface area (SBET), which is determined by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, ranges from 80 to 100 m2 gβ1 and the band gap energy (Eg) value is in the range of 2.75β2.80 eV as found by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The activity of the photocatalysts was tested in the photocatalytic production of hydrogen from ultrapure water under visible light (Ξ» = 400 nm). It was found that the splitting of water occurs with the formation of the stochiometric amount of H2O2 as an oxidation product. Two photocatalysts 0.5% Pt/0.01% IrOx/g-C3N4 and 0.1% Pt/0.01% IrOx/g-C3N4 showed the highest activity at 100 ΞΌmol hβ1 gcatβ1, which is among the highest in H2 production published for such systems