Morphologic aspects of effect estrogenic on the TMJ of rats

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Influence of estrogen insufficiency and anti-inflammatory drugs on the functional posterior displacement of the mandible of female rats' TMJ

Orientador: Francisco Carlos GroppoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculda de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: As desordens da articulação temporomandibular (DTM) estão associadas com o processo inflamatório, incluindo os componentes biológico e comportamental. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de dois anti-inflamatórios (parecoxibe e dexametasona) na morfologia da ATM e produção de interleucinas pro-inflamatórias em ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX), com ou sem deslocamento posterior funcional (DPFM). Foram utilizadas 72 ratas em quatro grupos: G1 - sem DPFM e não OVX; G2 - com DPFM e não OVX; G3 - sem DPFM e OVX; G4 - com DPFM e OVX. O DPFM da mandíbula foi induzido por meio de um dispositivo confeccionado com bandas ortodônticas nos incisivos superiores. Após 7 dias da indução do DPFM, as ratas foram tratadas com NaCl 0,9% (CONT) ou parecoxibe 0,3mg/kg/dia (PARE) ou dexametasona 0,1mg/kg/dia (DEXA), via intramuscular. Após 7 dias de tratamento, as ATM de ambos os lados foram retiradas em bloco. Uma das ATM foi submetida ao processamento histológico (hematoxilina-eosina). A ATM contralateral foi macerada e centrifugada e o sobrenadante submetido ao imunoensaio (ELISA) para avaliação das interleucinas IL1-beta e IL-6. A leitura foi feita por espectrofotometria. Todos os animais foram pesados com a mesma idade, previamente à sua morte. Foi possível observar que, independentemente do tratamento, as fêmeas que não foram submetidas ao DPFM mostraram variação de peso corporal em média (±erro padrão) de -0,41±0,72%; aquelas submetidas ao DPFM de -4,8±1,1%; as submetidas à OVX de 26,9±1,2% e aquelas submetidas ao DPFM e OVX de 8,3±2,5%. Estes dados em conjunto mostram que houve ganho de peso nos animais submetidos à OVX, mas não houve alteração de peso nos animais submetidos ao DPFM. O PARE e a DEXA diminuíram (Kruskal-Wallis, p0,05) entre os tratamentos. Independentemente do tratamento, a IL1-beta foi menor no Grupo sem-DPFM do que nos demais grupos. O nível de IL1-beta no Grupo com-DPFM foi maior do que no grupo sem- DPFM+OVX, mas não apresentou diferenças com o grupo com-DPFM+OVX, exceto para a DEXA. A concentração de IL-6 não foi afetada pelos tratamentos em nenhum dos quatro grupos. Entretanto, a comparação entre os grupos revelou que o Grupo com-DPFM apresentou maior concentração de IL-6, considerando todos os tratamentos. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os níveis de IL-6 dos Grupos sem-DPFM, sem-DPFM+OVX e com-DPFM+OVX. Os parâmetros histológicos não foram afetados pelo DPFM ou OVX, mas sim pelos tratamentos. Concluímos que o DPFM aumentou os níveis das interleucinas pró-inflamatórias IL1-beta e IL-6, sendo que as ratas com DPFM tiveram as concentrações das interleucinas atenuadas pela ovariectomia. Os anti-inflamatórios parecoxibe e dexametasona não interferiram com as concentrações das citocinas. A área da cartilagem articular não foi influenciada pelo DPFM, mas a associação ao PARE gerou aumento na área da cartilagem articularAbstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are associated with pain/inflammatory process, including biological and behavioral parameters. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two anti-inflammatories (parecoxib and dexamethasone) in the TMJ morphology of ovariectomized rats (OVX) with or without retrusive displacement of mandible (RDM). 72 rats were distributed into 4 groups: G1 - no RDM and no OVX; G2 - with RDM and no OVX; G3 - no RDM, but with OVX; G4 - with both RDM and OVX. The RDM induction was achieved by placing an oral device made with steel strips (orthodontic band) in the rat upperincisors. After 7 days of RDM, the animals were submitted to one of the following treatments: 0.9% NaCl (CONT); 0.30mg/kg/im/day parecoxib (PARE); or 0.1mg/kg/im/day dexamethasone (DEXA). After 7 days of treatment, the TMJs of both sides were removed. One of them was submitted to histological procedure (HE) after fixation and decalcification. The contralateral TMJ was macerated, centrifuged and the supernatant was submitted to the immunoassay (ELISA) in order to evaluate the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1-beta and IL-6). The readings were performed by spectrophotometry. All animals were weighed with the same age and before they were killed. It was possible to observe that the rats without RDM showed a mean (±SE) variation of body weight of -0.41±0.72%; the ones not submitted to RDM was -4.8±1.1%; with OVX of 26.9±1.2% and the ones submitted to both RDM and OVX was 8.3±2.5%. In general, these data showed a body weight gain in the animals with OVX, but not in the ones with RDM. Both PARE and DEXA decreased (Kruskal-Wallis, p0.05). IL1-beta levels were lower in G1 when compared to the other ones, disregarding of treatments. These levels were higher in G2 than G3 but not G4 (except for DEXA). None of the treatments affected the IL-6 levels considering each group. G2 showed the highest IL-6 levels than the other groups, irrespectively of the treatments. No statistically significant differences among the levels of IL-6 of G1, G3 and G4 were found. The morphological parameters were not affected by RDM or by OVX, but the treatments. We concluded that RDM increased the levels of both cytokines, being reduced by OVX. Both PARE and DEXA did not interfere with cytokines levels. The articular cartilage area was not influenced by RDM, but it increased this area when associated with PAREDoutoradoFarmacologia, Anestesiologia e TerapeuticaDoutor em Odontologi

Correlation between facial types and muscle TMD in women: an anthropometric approach

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affecting the articular disc and/or the facial muscles are common among the population, recording a higher incidence in women age 20-40 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between facial types and muscle TMD in women. This study comprised 56 women age 18 to 49 years, seeking treatment for TMD at the School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo. All of the study individuals were diagnosed with muscle TMD, based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Facial type was determined using the Facial Brugsch Index and classified as euryprosopic (short and/or broad), mesoprosopic (average width) and leptoprosopic (long and/or narrow). The data were submitted to the Chi-square test and ANOVA-Tukey’s test to conduct the statistical analysis. The faces of 27 individuals were classified as euryprosopic (48%), 18 as mesoprosopic (32%), and 11 as leptoprosopic (20%). A statistically significant difference (Chi-square, p = 0.032) was found among the facial types, in that leptoprosopic facial types showed the lowest values for muscle TMD. A greater number (p = 0.0007) of cases of muscle TMD were observed in the 20 to 39 year-old subjects than in the subjects of other age segments. In conclusion, women with euryprosopic facial types could be more susceptible to muscle TMD. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis

Correlation between facial types and muscle TMD in women: an anthropometric approach

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affecting the articular disc and/or the facial muscles are common among the population, recording a higher incidence in women age 20-40 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between facial types and muscle TMD in women. This study comprised 56 women age 18 to 49 years, seeking treatment for TMD at the School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo. All of the study individuals were diagnosed with muscle TMD, based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Facial type was determined using the Facial Brugsch Index and classified as euryprosopic (short and/or broad), mesoprosopic (average width) and leptoprosopic (long and/or narrow). The data were submitted to the Chi-square test and ANOVA-Tukey’s test to conduct the statistical analysis. The faces of 27 individuals were classified as euryprosopic (48%), 18 as mesoprosopic (32%), and 11 as leptoprosopic (20%). A statistically significant difference (Chi-square, p = 0.032) was found among the facial types, in that leptoprosopic facial types showed the lowest values for muscle TMD. A greater number (p = 0.0007) of cases of muscle TMD were observed in the 20 to 39 year-old subjects than in the subjects of other age segments. In conclusion, women with euryprosopic facial types could be more susceptible to muscle TMD. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis

Effect Of Different Light-curing Modes On Degree Of Conversion, Staining Susceptibility And Stain's Retention Using Different Beverages In A Nanofilled Composite Resin.

It is unknown whether the staining pigment concentration would affect the color of composite resin and whether the absorption of the staining pigment is related to the degree of conversion (DC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light-curing units (LCUs) on DC, superficial staining (ΔE), and pigment concentration (PC) in a nanofilled composite resin (Z350, 3M ESPE) using different beverages. Specimens were polymerized for 20 seconds using four LCUs (N=50): quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH)--450 mW/cm(2); laser (LAS)--300 mW/cm(2); second-generation light-emitting diode (LED)-1100 mW/cm(2); and third generation LED--700 mW/cm(2). DC (%) was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Specimens concerning each group (N=10) were then immersed in one of the solutions (distilled water, red wine, whisky, coffee, and cola--40 min/day, for 40 days). Specimen's color was measured before and after exposure to solutions using a colorimeter (Commission Internacionale de I'Eclairaga L*a*b* color scale), and ΔE was calculated. Specimens were then prepared for the spectrophotometric analysis to measure PC. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p=0.05). DC: QTH presented the lowest DC, with statistical differences for LAS, LED 2, and LED 3. Whisky and wine showed lower PC mean values than cola and coffee. No statistical difference was observed for LCUs regarding PC and all staining solutions, except cola. Whisky showed the highest values for ΔE regarding all LCUs. Wine showed statistically lower ΔE than whisky, with water presenting the lowest ΔE. LAS and QTH showed higher values than LED 2 concerning ΔE.   LCUs interfered with DC and altered the PC and ΔE of the composite resin submitted to different staining solutions. There was no correlation among DC, PC, and ΔE. Light-curing modes might interfere with staining susceptibility, stain's retention, and DC of a composite resin, compromising the clinical performance. The highest pigment absorption was not associated with the highest superficial staining of the composite resin. Alcoholic drinks lead to greater superficial staining and non-alcoholic solutions lead to a higher pigment concentration.23106-1

Effect of Different Light-Curing Modes on Degree of Conversion, Staining Susceptibility and Stain's Retention Using Different Beverages in a Nanofilled Composite Resin

Statement of Problem:It is unknown whether the staining pigment concentration would affect the color of composite resin and whether the absorption of the staining pigment is related to the degree of conversion (DC).Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light-curing units (LCUs) on DC, superficial staining (Delta E), and pigment concentration (PC) in a nanofilled composite resin (Z350, 3M ESPE) using different beverages.Materials and Methods:Specimens were polymerized for 20 seconds using four LCUs (N = 50): quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH)-450 mW/cm2; laser (LAS)-300 mW/cm2; second-generation light-emitting diode (LED)-1100 mW/cm2; and third generation LED-700 mW/cm2. DC (%) was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Specimens concerning each group (N = 10) were then immersed in one of the solutions (distilled water, red wine, whisky, coffee, and cola-40 min/day, for 40 days). Specimen's color was measured before and after exposure to solutions using a colorimeter (Commission Internacionale de I'Eclairaga L* a* b* color scale), and Delta E was calculated. Specimens were then prepared for the spectrophotometric analysis to measure PC. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p = 0.05).Results:DC: QTH presented the lowest DC, with statistical differences for LAS, LED 2, and LED 3. Whisky and wine showed lower PC mean values than cola and coffee. No statistical difference was observed for LCUs regarding PC and all staining solutions, except cola. Whisky showed the highest values for Delta E regarding all LCUs. Wine showed statistically lower Delta E than whisky, with water presenting the lowest Delta E. LAS and QTH showed higher values than LED 2 concerning Delta E.Conclusion:LCUs interfered with DC and altered the PC and Delta E of the composite resin submitted to different staining solutions. There was no correlation among DC, PC, and Delta E.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCELight-curing modes might interfere with staining susceptibility, stain's retention, and DC of a composite resin, compromising the clinical performance. The highest pigment absorption was not associated with the highest superficial staining of the composite resin. Alcoholic drinks lead to greater superficial staining and non-alcoholic solutions lead to a higher pigment concentration.(J Esthet Restor Dent 23:106-115, 2011).Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq