4′-Methyl-1H-14′,19′-dioxa-4′-azaspiro[indole-3,5′-tetracyclo[18.4.0.02,6.08,13]tetracosane]-1′(24′),8′,10′,12′,20′,22′-hexaene-2,7′(3H)-dione

In the title compound, C29H28N2O4, the indoline ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.027 (2) Å; the carbonyl O atom lies 0.102 (1) Å out of the least-squares plane of the indole ring. The pyrrolidine ring adopts a C-envelope conformation, with a C atom displaced by 0.643 (2) Å from the mean plane formed by the remaining ring atoms. The pyrrolidine ring makes a dihedral angle of 86.1 (8)° with the indoline ring system. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds result in the formation of cyclic centrosymmetric dimers [R22(8)]. C—H...π interactions also occur, leading to a chain along the b-axis direction. There is a rather weak π–π electron interaction between the pyrrazole and benzene rings, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.765 (1) Å

Ethyl 8,13-dioxa-21-azapentacyclo[18.5.1.02,7.014,19.021,25]hexacosa-2(7),3,5,14,16,18-hexaene-26-carboxylate

In the title compound, C26H31NO4, the five-membered rings of the central pyrrolizine system adopt N-envelope conformations. The ethyl acetate group adopts an extended conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 36.6 (1)°. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds form a zigzag chain running along the b-axis directions. The crystal structure is futher consolidated by C—H...π interactions

Ethyl 27-oxo-15-oxa-2,20-diazahexacyclo[18.6.1.01,8.02,6.09,14.021,26]heptacosa-9,11,13,21,23,25-hexaene-7-carboxylate

In the title compound, C27H30N2O4, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a twisted conformation. The indoline ring system is almost perpendicular to the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring, making a dihedral angle of 81.7 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers with graph-set motif R22(16) via pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The terminal ethyl group of the ester group is disordered over two sets of sites, with a site-occupancy ratio of 0.587 (11):0.413 (11)

Pepper, Sweet (Capsicum annuum)

Capsicum (pepper) species are economically important crops that are recalcitrant to genetic transformation by Agrobacterium ( Agrobacterium tumefaciens ). A number of protocols for pepper transformation have been described but are not routinely applicable. The main bottleneck in pepper transformation is the low frequency of cells that are both susceptible for Agrobacterium infection and have the ability to regenerate. Here, we describe a protocol for the effi cient regeneration of transgenic sweet pepper ( C. annuum ) through inducible activation of the BABY BOOM (BBM) AP2/ERF transcription factor. Using this approach, we can routinely achieve a transformation effi ciency of at least 0.6 %. The main improvements in this protocol are the reproducibility in transforming different genotypes and the ability to produce fertile shoots. An added advantage of this protocol is that BBM activity can be induced subsequently in stable transgenic lines, providing a novel regeneration system for clonal propagation through somatic embryogenesis