Chemistry and cytotoxic activity of essential oil from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri

GCMS analysis of the essential oil from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri detected twenty components. Allo-aromadendrene was present as the most abundant component. Two other major constituents are α-gurjunene and β-eudesmene. The volatile oil exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against SNU-1, Hep G2, NCI-H23, K562, Raji, IMR-32 and SK-MEL-28 cells

Cytotoxicity and structure-activity relationships of xanthone derivatives from Mesua beccariana, Mesua ferrea and Mesua congestiflora towards nine human cancer cell lines.

The cytotoxic structure-activity relationships among a series of xanthone derivatives from Mesua beccariana, Mesua ferrea and Mesua congestiflora were studied. Eleven xanthone derivatives identified as mesuarianone (1), mesuasinone (2), mesuaferrin A (3), mesuaferrin B (4), mesuaferrin C (5), 6-deoxyjacareubin (6), caloxanthone C (7), macluraxanthone (8), 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (9), tovopyrifolin C (10) and α-mangostin (11) were isolated from the three Mesua species. The human cancer cell lines tested were Raji, SNU-1, K562, LS-174T, SK-MEL-28, IMR-32, HeLa, Hep G2 and NCI-H23. Mesuaferrin A (3), macluraxanthone (8) and α-mangostin (11) showed strong cytotoxicities as they possess significant inhibitory effects against all the cell lines. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that the diprenyl, dipyrano and prenylated pyrano substituent groups of the xanthone derivatives contributed towards the cytotoxicities

Chemical constituents and new xanthone derivatives from Mesua ferrea and Mesua congestiflora

The phytochemical study on the root bark of Mesua ferrea and the roots of Mesua congestiflora resulted in the isolation and identification of nine compounds. Seven xanthones isolated from the root bark of Mesua ferrea were mesuaferrin A (1), mesuaferrin B (2), mesuaferrin C (3), caloxanthone C (4), macluraxanthone (5), 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (6) and tovopyrifolin C (7). Meanwhile, Mesua congestiflora afforded one benzophenone, congestiflorone (8) together with a xanthone a-mangostin (9). The structural modification reactions were also carried out to obtain two new compounds which are caloxanthone C diacetate (10) and congestiflorone acetate (11). The characterizations of these compounds were achieved through a variety of spectroscopic techniques such as 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and GC-MS

Cytotoxic xanthones isolated from calophyllum depressinervosum and calophyllum buxifolium with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities

The stem bark of Calophyllum depressinervosum and Calophyllum buxifolium were extracted and examined for their antioxidant activities, together with cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells. The methanol extract of C. depressinervosum exhibited good DPPH and NO scavenging effects. The strongest BCB inhibition and FIC effects were shown by dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of both species. Overall, DPPH, FRAP and FIC assays showed strong correlation with TPC. For cytotoxicity, hexane extract of C. depressinervosum possessed the strongest anti-proliferative activities towards SNU-1 cells while the hexane extract of C. buxifolium showed the strongest activity towards LS-174T and K562 cells with the IC values ranging from 7 to 17 μg/mL. The purification of plant extracts afforded eight xanthones, ananixanthone (1), caloxanthone B (2), caloxanthone I (3), caloxanthone J (4) xanthochymone B (5), thwaitesixanthone (6), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (7) and dombakinaxanthone (8). All the xanthones, except 1 were reported for the first time from both Calophyllum species. The xanthones were examined for their cytotoxic effect against K562 leukemic cells. Compounds 1 and 2 showed strong cytotoxicity with the IC values of 2.96 and 1.23 μg/mL, respectively. The molecular binding interaction of 2 was further investigated by performing molecular docking study with promising protein receptor Src kinase

Structure–activity relationship study of secondary metabolites from Mesua beccariana, Mesua ferrea and Mesua congestiflora for anti-cholinesterase activity

Our search for potential anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease has led to the discovery of two bioactive compounds, α-mangostin (11) and congestiflorone acetate (13). This discovery was achieved from a preliminary screening of the anti-AChE activity on the extracts of three Mesua species namely M. ferrea, M. beccariana and M. congestiflora using Ellman’s method. The pure metabolites, 1–12 which were isolated from the Mesua species, along with a synthetic derivative, compound 13 were then evaluated for their activities in order to identify the compounds that correspond to the enzyme inhibitory activities. Compounds 11 and 13 were found to give significant anti-AChE activities with IC50 values of 17.51 and 20.25 µM

A new pyranoxanthone from the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum

The stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum gave one new prenylated dipyranoxanthone inophinone (1), together with two other xanthones, inophyllin A (2) and caloxanthone B (3) and three common triterpenes, friedelin (4), stigmasterol (5) and betulinic acid (6). 1D and 2D NMR spectral data (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMBC & HMQC) were used to elucidate the structures of these compounds

Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri source of anti-proliferative xanthones and their structure-activity relationships

Extensive chromatographic isolation and purification of the extracts of the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri have resulted in 11 xanthones. C. inophyllum gave inophinnin (1), inophinone (2), pyranojacareubin (5), rheediaxanthone A (6), macluraxanthone (7) and 4-hydroxyxanthone (8), while C. soulattri afforded soulattrin (3), phylattrin (4), caloxanthone C (9), brasixanthone B (10) and trapezifolixanthone (11). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses such as 1D and 2D NMR, GC-MS, IR and UV. Cytotoxicity screening (MTT assay) carried out in vitro on all the xanthones using five human cancer cell lines indicated good activities for some of these xanthones. The structure-activity relationship study revealed that the inhibitory activities exhibited by these xanthone derivatives to be closely related to the existence and nature of the pyrano and the prenyl substituent groups on their skeleton

Antiproliferative xanthone derivatives from Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri

Structure-activity relationships of eleven xanthones were comparatively predicted for four cancer cell lines after the compounds were subjected to antiproliferative assay against B-lymphocyte cells (Raji), colon carcinoma cells (LS174T), human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) and skin carcinoma cells (SK-MEL-28). The eleven chemical constituents were obtained naturally from the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri. Inophinnin (1) and inophinone (2) were isolated from Calophyllum inophyllum while soulattrin (3) and phylattrin (4) were found from Calophyllum soulattri. The other xanthones were from both Calophyllum sp. and they are pyranojacareubin (5), rheediaxanthone A (6), macluraxanthone (7), 4-hydroxyxanthone (8), caloxanthone C (9), brasixanthone B (10) and trapezifolixanthone (11). Compound 3 was found to be the most cytotoxic towards all the cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 1.25μg/mL while the simplest xanthone, compound 8 was inactive

Clinacanthus nutans Extracts Are Antioxidant with Antiproliferative Effect on Cultured Human Cancer Cell Lines

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves (CN) have been used in traditionalmedicine but the therapeutic potential has not been explored for cancer prevention and treatment. Current study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of CN, extracted in chloroform, methanol, and water, on cancer cell lines. Antioxidant properties of CN were evaluated using DPPH, galvinoxyl, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide based radical scavenging assays, whereas the tumoricidal effect was tested on HepG2, IMR32, NCL-H23, SNU-1, Hela, LS-174T, K562, Raji, and IMR32 cancer cells using MTT assay. Our data showed that CN in chloroform extract was a good antioxidant against DPPH and galvinoxyl radicals, but less effective in negating nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals. Chloroformextract exerted the highest antiproliferative effect on K-562 (91.28±0.03%) andRaji cell lines (88.97± 1.07%) at 10