Periductal Induction of High Endothelial Venule-Like Vessels in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成24年3月31日授与（甲第946号）・丸山 雅史This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in PANCREAS. 42(1):53-59 (2013).Objectives: Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is histologically characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and marked storiform fibrosis, manifestations associated with pancreatic ducts. Such periductal lymphocyte recruitment is thought to be elicited by dysregulation of mechanisms governing physiological lymphocyte homing. The present study was undertaken to determine whether vascular addressins including peripheral lymph node addressin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) play a role in type 1 AIP histogenesis. Methods: Tissue sections of type 1 AIP and tumor-associated non-AIP chronic pancreatitis, as well as normal pancreas, were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using vascular addressin-related antibodies. Results: The number of periductal mouse endothelial cell antigen 79-positive high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels was increased in type 1 AIP relative to that seen in non-AIP chronic pancreatitis, whereas the number of MAdCAM-1-positive HEV-like vessels did not differ between the 2 conditions. Mouse endothelial cell antigen 79 antigens are expressed on duct-forming epithelial cells not only in pancreas but also in salivary glands, which often harbor extrapancreatic lesions in type 1 AIP. Conclusions: Type 1 AIP can be characterized by periductal induction of MECA-79-positive HEV-like vessels. MECA-79-positive 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X-related carbohydrate antigens expressed on duct-forming epithelial cells could be associated with type 1 AIP pathogenesis.ArticlePANCREAS. 42(1):53-59 (2013)journal articl

Generation of third-harmonic spin oscillation from strong spin precession induced by terahertz magnetic near fields

The ability to drive a spin system to state far from the equilibrium is indispensable for investigating spin structures of antiferromagnets and their functional nonlinearities for spintronics. While optical methods have been considered for spin excitation, terahertz (THz) pulses appear to be a more convenient means of direct spin excitation without requiring coupling between spins and orbitals or phonons. However, room-temperature responses are usually limited to small deviations from the equilibrium state because of the relatively weak THz magnetic fields in common approaches. Here, we studied the magnetization dynamics in a HoFeO3 crystal at room temperature. A custom-made spiral-shaped microstructure was used to locally generate a strong multicycle THz magnetic near field perpendicular to the crystal surface; the maximum magnetic field amplitude of about 2 T was achieved. The observed time-resolved change in the Faraday ellipticity clearly showed second- and third-order harmonics of the magnetization oscillation and an asymmetric oscillation behaviour. Not only the ferromagnetic vector M but also the antiferromagnetic vector L plays an important role in the nonlinear dynamics of spin systems far from equilibrium

Strain-induced creation and switching of anion vacancy layers in perovskite oxynitrides

Using strain to control oxynitride properties. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-12-01.原子空孔の配列を制御する新手法の発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-12-02.Perovskite oxides can host various anion-vacancy orders, which greatly change their properties, but the order pattern is still difficult to manipulate. Separately, lattice strain between thin film oxides and a substrate induces improved functions and novel states of matter, while little attention has been paid to changes in chemical composition. Here we combine these two aspects to achieve strain-induced creation and switching of anion-vacancy patterns in perovskite films. Epitaxial SrVO3 films are topochemically converted to anion-deficient oxynitrides by ammonia treatment, where the direction or periodicity of defect planes is altered depending on the substrate employed, unlike the known change in crystal orientation. First-principles calculations verified its biaxial strain effect. Like oxide heterostructures, the oxynitride has a superlattice of insulating and metallic blocks. Given the abundance of perovskite families, this study provides new opportunities to design superlattices by chemically modifying simple perovskite oxides with tunable anion-vacancy patterns through epitaxial lattice strain

Periductal Induction of High Endothelial Venule-Like Vessels in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成24年3月31日授与（甲第946号）・丸山 雅史This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in PANCREAS. 42(1):53-59 (2013).Objectives: Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is histologically characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and marked storiform fibrosis, manifestations associated with pancreatic ducts. Such periductal lymphocyte recruitment is thought to be elicited by dysregulation of mechanisms governing physiological lymphocyte homing. The present study was undertaken to determine whether vascular addressins including peripheral lymph node addressin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) play a role in type 1 AIP histogenesis. Methods: Tissue sections of type 1 AIP and tumor-associated non-AIP chronic pancreatitis, as well as normal pancreas, were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using vascular addressin-related antibodies. Results: The number of periductal mouse endothelial cell antigen 79-positive high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels was increased in type 1 AIP relative to that seen in non-AIP chronic pancreatitis, whereas the number of MAdCAM-1-positive HEV-like vessels did not differ between the 2 conditions. Mouse endothelial cell antigen 79 antigens are expressed on duct-forming epithelial cells not only in pancreas but also in salivary glands, which often harbor extrapancreatic lesions in type 1 AIP. Conclusions: Type 1 AIP can be characterized by periductal induction of MECA-79-positive HEV-like vessels. MECA-79-positive 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X-related carbohydrate antigens expressed on duct-forming epithelial cells could be associated with type 1 AIP pathogenesis.ArticlePANCREAS. 42(1):53-59 (2013)journal articl

Prognostic factors of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.

OBJECTIVE:Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common opportunistic infections. In systemic autoimmune disease patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments, low lymphocyte count, old age and coexisting lung disease have been known as risk factors for the occurrence of PCP. However, factors relevant to prognosis of PCP have not been fully studied. METHODS:A total of 95 sequential patients who developed PCP during immunosuppressive treatment for systemic autoimmune diseases was identified from five Japanese centres. We retrospectively assessed baseline characteristics, immunosuppressive treatment prior to the onset of PCP, treatment for PCP and survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS:Forty-two deaths (44.2%) were observed in this study. Age at the diagnosis of PCP was higher in non-survivors than in survivors (74 years vs. 64 years, p = 0.008). Non-survivors more frequently had lung involvement than did survivors (47.6% vs. 13.2%, p<0.001). Median lymphocyte count at the diagnosis of PCP was lower in non-survivors than in survivors (499/μl vs. 874/μl, p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis identified lower lymphocyte count, older age and coexisting lung disease at the diagnosis of PCP as independent risk factors for death. Those risk factors for death were similar to the known risk factors for the occurrence of PCP. CONCLUSION:Although PCP can occur even in patients without these risk factors, our data demonstrate that the overall prognosis of PCP in such patients is good. Given that the standard prophylactic treatment against PCP has safety issues, the risk-stratified use of prophylactic treatment may be advisable

Generation of third-harmonic spin oscillation from strong spin precession induced by terahertz magnetic near fields

The authors studied HoFeO3 crystal using multicycle THz magnetic pulses enhanced strongly by spiral-shaped microstructure. The observed Faraday ellipticity demonstrates second- and third-order harmonics of the magnetization oscillation and an asymmetric oscillation behavior

Anti-thrombotic effects and bleeding risk of AJvW-2, a monoclonal antibody against human von Willebrand factor

1. A murine anti-human vWF monoclonal antibody, AJvW-2, was developed that inhibited the interaction between platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) during the ristocetin- (IC(50)=0.7±0.1 μg ml(−1)) and botrocetin- (IC(50)=1.8±0.3 μg ml(−1)) induced aggregation of human platelets. 2. AJvW-2 inhibited the high shear stress (10.8 N m(−2)) induced aggregation of human platelets dose-dependently with an IC(50)=2.4±0.3 μg ml(−1), but had no effect on low shear stress induced platelet aggregation (1.2 N m(−2)) up to 100 μg ml(−1). 3. AJvW-2 also inhibited the high shear stress (5.0 N m(−2)) induced adhesion of human platelets to collagen I with the same efficacy (IC(50)=2.4±0.3 μg ml(−1)), but had no effect at low shear conditions (1.5 N m(−2)). 4. AJvW-2 inhibited the botrocetin-induced aggregation of platelets from guinea-pig, rat, rabbit, dog and pig at the same concentration range as human platelets; it likewise also inhibited the high shear stress induced aggregation and adhesion to collagen I of guinea-pig platelets. 5. AJvW-2 prevented arterial thrombus formation in guinea-pigs at a dose of 100 μg kg(−1) without prolonging the template bleeding time, whereas the GPIIb/IIIa antagonist lamifiban mediated inhibition of thrombosis at 1000 μg kg(−1) was accompanied by a significant prolongation of the bleeding time. 6. These results suggest that AJvW-2 is a potent inhibitor of the GPIb-vWF interaction and a potential novel antithrombotic agent with lower bleeding risk than GPIIb/IIIa antagonists