Anomaly Detection Based on Zone Partition for Security Protection of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.A developing trend of traditional industrial systems is the integration of the cyber and physical domain to improve flexibility and the efficiency of supervision, management and control. But, the deep integration of these Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPSs), increases the potential for security threats. Attack detection, which forms initial protective barrier, plays an important role in overall security protection. However, most traditional methods focused on cyber information and ignored any limitations that might arise from the characteristics of the physical domain. In this paper, an anomaly detection approach based on zone partition is designed for ICPSs. In detail, initially an automated zone partition method ensuring crucial system states can be observed in more than one zone is designed. Then, methods of building zone function model which do not require any prior knowledge of the physical system are presented before analyzing the anomaly based on zone information. Finally, an experimental rig is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the approach presents a high accuracy solution which also performs effectively in realtime

Inactivation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis on Chicken Eggshells Using Blue Light

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a pathogen that poses a health risk. Blue light (BL), an emerging sanitization technology, was employed for the first time in the present study to inactivate S. Enteritidis on eggshell surfaces and its influence on maintaining eggshell freshness was investigated systematically. The results showed that 415 nm-BL irradiation at a dose of 360 J/cm2 reduced 5.19 log CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis in vitro. The test on eggshells inoculated with S. Enteritidis showed that a BL dose at 54.6 J/cm2 caused a 3.73 log CFU reduction per eggshell surface and the impact of BL inactivation could be sustained in post-5-week storage. The quality of the tested eggs (weight loss, yolk index, Haugh unit (HU) and albumen pH) demonstrated that BL treatments had negligible effects on the albumen pH of eggs. However, compared to the control, BL-treated eggs showed lower weight loss and higher HU after 5 weeks of storage at 25 °C and 65% humidity and yolk index in the control group could not be determined after 5 weeks of storage. Besides, the total amino acid content of the BL-treated egg was higher than the control, exhibiting an advantage of BL irradiation in maintaining the nutrient quality of whole eggs. The current study determined the efficacy of BL against S. Enteritidis on eggshell and suggested that BL could be an effective application in maintaining the freshness and quality of eggs

An improved Bayesian-based wavelet package denoising method for data reconciliation to coking chemical process

Measurement data usually do not reflect actual chemical processes correctly because of inevitable errors in measurement, which is known as unbalance of measurement data. Data reconciliation and gross error detection are methods of processing measuring instruments that are inconsistent with mass and energy balances. At present, research on data reconciliation mainly focuses on the steady state model of the linear system. However, data reconciliation cannot be implemented in cases of sudden changes in production conditions, operations or instability, or discontinuous data acquisition. An improved Bayesian based on wavelet package denoising for data reconciliation is proposed. After a measurement signal is decomposed into a certain level, the optimal tree is selected with Bayesian classification. Bayesian classification was used to select the node of the optimal tree that would accelerate the calculation speed. The simulation and the coking chemical application show that the improved denoising method contributes to the effectiveness and efficiency of data reconciliation

Expression Quantitative Trait Loci for CARD8 Contributes to Risk of Two Infection-Related Cancers--Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cervical Cancer.

Caspase recruitment domain family, member 8 (CARD8) can coordinate innate and adaptive immune responses and sensitize cells to apoptosis, which may participate in tumorigenesis of virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cervical cancer. By bioinformatics analyses, we identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a new identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for CARD8. In this study, we therefore hypothesized that CARD8 eQTLs SNPs within lncRNA may influence the risk of HCC and cervical cancer. We performed two independent case-control studies of 1,300 cases with HBV-positive HCC and 1,344 normal controls, together with 1,486 cervical cancer patients and 1,536 control subjects to test the association between eQTLs SNP (rs7248320) for CARD8 and the risk of HCC and cervical cancer. The variant genotype of rs7248320 was significantly associated with increased risk of HCC and cervical cancer [GG vs. AA/GA: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.61, P = 0.028 for HCC; adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09-1.66, P = 0.006 for cervical cancer]. Moreover, the effect of rs7248320 on cervical cancer risk was more prominent in premenopausal women. Further interactive analysis detected a significantly multiplicative interaction between rs7248320 and menopausal status on cervical cancer risk (P = 0.018). These findings suggest that CARD8 eQTLs SNP may serve as a susceptibility marker for virus-related HCC and cervical cancer

<b>Association between maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study</b>

Context: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are linked with a variety of maternal and fetal complications. Numerous observational studies have examined the correlation between thyroid function and the incidence of HDP, with conflicting results. Objective: Our aim was to explore the correlation between thyroid function tests in early pregnancy, and the risk of HDP. Design: This research constitutes a prospective cohort study based on the China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS), from February 2018 to December 2020. Setting: A tertiary maternal and child health hospital. Participants: A total of 36,256 subjects from February 2018 to December 2020 were selected based on CBCS. Main Outcome Measures: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Results: After application of the exclusion criteria, the final study population was 24,364 pregnant women and the prevalence of HDP was 8.77%. In the fully adjusted model (Model 3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly and positively correlated with HDP (odds ratio (OR) 1.034, 95%CI 1.007,1.063). Compared to the lowest quartile(reference), both the highest full-range and normal-range TSH quartiles significantly increased the risk of HDP (OR 1.219, 95% CI 1.072,1.387; OR 1.241, 95% CI 1.087,1.417, respectively), and all P for trend<.001. Based on restricted cubic spline, we identified a nearly linear correlation between the full range of TSH and risk of incident HDP (P for overall < 0.001, P for nonlinear=0.065). No significant association were found between free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity and the prevalence of HDP. Conclusions: High TSH might be associated with increased risk of HDP.</p

Crossover analysis in genotypes-menopausal status interaction study on cervical cancer.

<p>^aAdjusted for age, smoking status, family history of any cancer and parity.</p><p>^b<i>P</i> value for multiplicative interaction.</p><p>Crossover analysis in genotypes-menopausal status interaction study on cervical cancer.</p

Discovery of a Novel Class of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanylpiperazines as Noncompetitive Neuropeptide Y Y1 Antagonists

A novel class of bicyclo[3.1.0]­hexanylpiperazine neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 antagonists has been designed and synthesized. Scatchard binding analysis showed these compounds to be noncompetitive with [¹²⁵I]­PYY binding to the Y1 receptor. The most potent member, 1-((1α,3α,5α,6β)-6-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-3-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]­hexan-6-yl)-4-phenylpiperazine (<b>2</b>) had an IC₅₀ = 62 nM and displayed excellent oral bioavailability in rat (% <i>F</i> po = 80), as well as good brain penetration (B/P ratio = 0.61). In a spontaneous nocturnal feeding study with male Sprague–Dawley rats, <b>2</b> significantly reduced food intake during a 12 h period