1,262 research outputs found
Mean-reverting behavior of consumption-income ratio in OECD countries: evidence from SURADF panel unit root tests
This paper examines the existence of the mean-reverting behavior of the consumption-income ratio from a panel of 24 OECD countries through the application of the series-specific SURADF panel unit root test. The results show that the consumption-income ratios in 22 OECD countries exhibit mean-reverting behavior. Furthermore, the half-life of the consumption-income ratio for these 22 OECD countries is between 0.28 to 3.48 years. This implies that policy shocks in industrialized economies are not likely to have permanent effects on the consumption-income ratio.Mean reversion; Consumption-income ratio; SURADF; Half-life
3β-Acetoxy-8β,10β-dihydroxy-6β-methoxyeremophil-7(11)-en-8,12-olide
The title compound, C18H26O7, is an eremophilenolide which has been isolated from the plant Ligularia duciformis for the first time. The present study confirms the atomic connectivity assigned on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecule contains three fused rings, two six-membered rings in chair confomations and a five-membered ring in a flattened envelope conformation. Two hydroxy groups are involved in formation of intra- and intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The latter ones link molecules into chains propagating in [010]
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in school outbreaks in China
Background: During the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus (pH1N1) outbreak, school students were at an
increased risk of infection by the pH1N1 virus. However, the estimation of the attack rate showed significant variability.
Methods: Two school outbreaks were investigated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to collect information by
interview. Throat samples were collected from all the subjects in this study 6 times and sero samples 3 times to confirm the
infection and to determine viral shedding. Data analysis was performed using the software STATA 9.0.
Findings: The attack rate of the pH1N1 outbreak was 58.3% for the primary school, and 52.9% for the middle school. The
asymptomatic infection rates of the two schools were 35.8% and 37.6% respectively. Peak virus shedding occurred on the
day of ARI symptoms onset, followed by a steady decrease over subsequent days (p = 0.026). No difference was found either
in viral shedding or HI titer between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic infectious groups.
Conclusions: School children were found to be at a high risk of infection by the novel virus. This may be because of a
heightened risk of transmission owing to increased mixing at boarding school, or a lack of immunity owing to socioeconomic
status. We conclude that asymptomatically infectious cases may play an important role in transmission of the
pH1N1 virus
Interaction between Granulation and Small-Scale Magnetic Flux Observed by Hinode
We study the relationship between granular development and magnetic field
evolution in the quiet Sun. 6 typical cases are displayed to exhibit
interaction between granules and magnetic elements, and we have obtained the
following results. (1) A granule develops centrosymmetrically when no magnetic
flux emerges within the granular cell. (2) A granule develops and splits
noncentrosymmetrically while flux emerges at an outer part of the granular
cell. (3) Magnetic flux emergence as a cluster of mixed polarities is detected
at the position of a granule as soon as the granule breaks up. (4) A dipole
emerges accompanying with the development of a granule, and the two elements of
the dipole root in the adjacent intergranular lanes and face each other across
the granule. Advected by the horizontal granular motion, the positive element
of the dipole then cancels with pre-existing negative flux. (5) Flux
cancellation also takes place between a positive element, which is advected by
granular flow, and its surrounding negative flux. (6) While magnetic flux
cancellation takes place at a granular cell, the granule shrinks and then
disappears. (7) Horizontal magnetic fields enhance at the places where dipoles
emerge and where opposite polarities cancel with each other, but only the
horizontal fields between the dipolar elements point orderly from the positive
element to the negative one. Our results reveal that granules and small-scale
magnetic flux influence each other. Granular flow advects magnetic flux, and
magnetic flux evolution suppresses granular development. There exist extremely
large Doppler blue-shifts at the site of one cancelling magnetic element. This
phenomenon may be caused by the upward flow produced by magnetic reconnection
below the photosphere.Comment: 8 figures, 13 pages. RAA, in pres
Solar microwave millisecond spike at 2.84 GHz
Using the high time resolution of 1 ms, the data of solar microwave millisecond spike (MMS) event was recorded more than two hundred times at the frequency of 2.84 GHz at Beijing (Peking) Observatory since May 1981. A preliminary analysis was made. It can be seen from the data that the MMS-events have a variety of the fast activities such as the dispersed and isolated spikes, the clusters of the crowded spikes, the weak spikes superimposed on the noise background, and the phenomena of absorption. The marked differences from that observed with lower time resolution are presented. Using the data, a valuable statistical analysis was made. There are close correlations between MMS-events and hard X-ray bursts, and fast drifting bursts. The MMS events are highly dependent on the type of active regions and the magnetic field configuration. It seems to be crucial to find out the accurate positions on the active region where the MMS-events happen and to make co-operative observations at different bands during the special period when specific active regions appear on the solar disk
Functional phosphoproteomic profiling of phosphorylation sites in membrane fractions of salt-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Under conditions of salt stress, plants respond by initiating phosphorylation cascades. Many key phosphorylation events occur at the membrane. However, to date only limited sites have been identified that are phosphorylated in response to salt stress in plants.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Membrane fractions from three-day and 200 mM salt-treated Arabidopsis suspension plants were isolated, followed by protease shaving and enrichment using Zirconium ion-charged magnetic beads, and tandem mass spectrometry analyses. From this isolation, 18 phosphorylation sites from 15 <it>Arabidopsis </it>proteins were identified. A unique phosphorylation site in 14-3-3-interacting protein AHA1 was predominately identified in 200 mM salt-treated plants. We also identified some phosphorylation sites in aquaporins. A doubly phosphorylated peptide of PIP2;1 as well as a phosphopeptide containing a single phosphorylation site (Ser-283) and a phosphopeptide containing another site (Ser-286) of aquaporin PIP2;4 were identified respectively. These two sites appeared to be novel of which were not reported before. In addition, quantitative analyses of protein phosphorylation with either label-free or stable-isotope labeling were also employed in this study. The results indicated that level of phosphopeptides on five membrane proteins such as AHA1, STP1, Patellin-2, probable inactive receptor kinase (At3g02880), and probable purine permease 18 showed at least two-fold increase in comparison to control in response to 200 mM salt-stress.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study, we successfully identified novel salt stress-responsive protein phosphorylation sites from membrane isolates of abiotic-stressed plants by membrane shaving followed by Zr<sup>4+</sup>-IMAC enrichment. The identified phosphorylation sites can be important in the salt stress response in plants.</p
MiR-373 targeting of the Rab22a oncogene suppresses tumor invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer
Metastasis is major cause of mortality in patients with ovarian cancer. MiR-373 has been shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis; however, a role for miR-373 in ovarian cancer has not been investigated. In this study, we show that the miR-373 expression is down-regulated in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and inversely correlated with clinical stage and histological grade. Ectopic overexpression of miR-373 in human EOC cells suppressed cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Silencing the expression of miR-373 resulted in an increased migration and invasion of EOC cells. Using integrated bioinformatics analysis, gene expression arrays, and luciferase assay, we identified Rab22a as a direct and functional target of miR-373 in EOC cells. Expression levels of miR-373 were inversely correlated with Rab22a protein levels in human EOC tissues. Rab22a knockdown inhibited invasion and migration of EOC cells, increased E-cadherin expression, and suppressed the expression of N-cadherin. Moreover, overexpression of Rab22a abrogated miR-373-induced invasion and migration of EOC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR-373 suppresses EOC invasion and metastasis by directly targeting Rab22a gene, a new potential therapeutic target in EOC
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