307 research outputs found
An Event Study of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan
The number of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan has been closely related to the political relationship across the Taiwan Strait. The occurrence of political events and disasters or accidents have had, and will continue to have, a huge impact on the Taiwan tourism market. To date, there has been relatively little empirical research conducted on this issue.
In this paper, tourists are characterized as being involved in one of three types of tourism: group tourism (group-type), individual tourism (individual-type), and medical cosmetology (medical-type). We use McAleer’s (2015) fundamental equation in tourism finance to examine the correlation that exists between the rate of change in the number of tourists and the rate of return on tourism.
Second, we use the event study method to observe whether the numbers of tourists have changed abnormally before and after the occurrence of major events on both sides of the Strait. Three different types of conditional variance models, namely, GARCH (1,1), GJR (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1), are used to estimate the abnormal rate of change in the number of tourists. The empirical results concerning the major events affecting the changes in the numbers of tourists from China to Taiwan are economically significant, and confirm which types of tourists are most likely to be affected by such major events
Risk Spillovers in Returns for Chinese and International Tourists to Taiwan
Fluctuations in the numbers of visitors directly affect the rates of return on tourism
business activities. Therefore, maintaining a firm grasp of the relationship between the
changes in the numbers of Chinese tourists and international travellers visiting Taiwan
is conducive to the formulation of an effective and practical tourism strategy. Although
the topic of international visitors to Taiwan is important, existing research has discussed
the issue of the travel demand between Chinese tourists and international travellers
visiting Taiwan. This paper is the first to examine the spillover effects between the rate
of change in the numbers of Chinese tourist arrivals and the rate of change in the
numbers of international traveller arrivals. Using daily data for Chinese tourists and
international travellers visiting Taiwan over the period from 1 January 2014 to 31
October 2016, together with the Diagonal BEKK model, the paper analyses the covolatility
spillover effects between the rate of change in the numbers of international
travellers and the rate of change in the numbers of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan. The
empirical results show that there is no dependency relationship between the rate of
change in the numbers of Chinese tourists and the rate of change in the numbers of
international travellers visiting Taiwan. However, there is a significant negative covolatility
spillover effect between the rate of change in the numbers of Chinese tourists
and the rate of change in the numbers of international travellers. The empirical findings
suggest that Taiwan should abandon its development strategy of focusing only on a
single market, namely China, and to be pro-active in encouraging visits by international
travellers to Taiwan for sightseeing purposes, thereby increasing the willingness of
international travellers to visit Taiwan. Moreover, with the reduction in the numbers of
Chinese tour groups visiting Taiwan, and increases in the numbers of individual
travellers, the Taiwan Government should change its previous travel policies of mainly
attracting Chinese tour group travellers and actively promoting in-depth tourism among
international tourists, by developing tourism that focuses on the special characteristics
of different localities. In this way, the government can enhance the quality of Taiwan’s
tourism, and also attract travellers with high spending power
The symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in PuCoGa
The symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in single-crystalline
PuCoGa ( K) is investigated via zero- and transverse-
field muon spin relaxation (SR) measurements, probing the possible
existence of orbital and/or spin moments (time reversal-symmetry violation TRV)
associated with the superconducting phase and the in-plane magnetic-field
penetration depth in the mixed state, respectively. We find no
evidence for TRV, and show that the superfluid density, or alternatively,
, are for . Taken together these measurements are consistent with an even-parity
(pseudo-spin singlet), d-wave pairing state.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Asymmetric Risk Impacts of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan
Since 2008, when Taiwan’s President Ma Ying-Jeou relaxed the Cross-Strait policy,
China has become Taiwan’s largest source of international tourism. In order to
understand the risk persistence of Chinese tourists, the paper investigates the short-run
and long-run persistence of shocks to the change rate of Chinese tourists to Taiwan. The
daily data used for the empirical analysis is from 1 January 2013 to 28 February 2018.
McAleer’s (2015) fundamental equation in tourism finance is used to link the change
rate of tourist arrivals and the change in tourist revenues. Three widely-used univariate
conditional volatility models, namely GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1), are
used to measure the short-run and long-run persistence of shocks, as well as symmetric,
asymmetric and leverage effects. Three different Heterogeneous AutoRegressive (HAR)
models, HAR(1), HAR(1,7) HAR(1,7,28), are considered as alternative mean equations
for capturing a variety of long memory effects. The mean equations associated with
GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) are used to analyse the risk persistence of
the change in Chinese tourists.
The exponential smoothing process is used to adjust the
seasonality around the trend in Chinese tourists. The empirical results show asymmetric
impacts of positive and negative shocks on the volatility of the change in the number
of Group-type and Medical-type tourists, while Individual-type tourists display a
symmetric volatility pattern. Somewhat unusually, leverage effects are observed in
EGARCH for Medical-type tourists, which shows a negative correlation between
shocks in tourist numbers and the subsequent shocks to volatility. For both Group-type
and Medical-type tourists, the asymmetric impacts on volatility show that negative
shocks have larger effects than do positive shocks. The leverage effect in EGARCH for
Medical-type tourists implies that larger shocks would decrease volatility in the change
in the numbers of Medical-type tourists. These results suggest that Taiwan tourism
authorities should act to prevent the negative shocks for the Group-type and Medicaltype
Chinese tourists to dampen the shocks that arise from having fewer Chinese
tourists to Taiwan
An Event Study Analysis of Political Events, Disasters, and Accidents for Chinese Tourists to Taiwan
[[abstract]]The number of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan has been closely related to the political relationship across the Taiwan Strait. The occurrence of political events and disasters or accidents have had, and will continue to have, a huge impact on the Taiwan tourism market. To date, there has been relatively little empirical research conducted on this issue. Tourists are characterized as being involved in one of three types of tourism: group tourism (group-type), individual tourism (individual-type), and medical cosmetology (medical-type). We use the fundamental equation in tourism finance to examine the correlation that exists between the rate of change in the number of tourists and the rate of return on tourism. Second, we use the event study method to observe whether the numbers of tourists have changed abnormally before and after the occurrence of major events on both sides of the Strait. Three different types of conditional variance models, namely, the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity, GARCH (1,1), Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle, GJR (1,1) and Exponential GARCH, EGARCH (1,1), are used to estimate the abnormal rate of change in the number of tourists. The empirical results concerning the major events affecting the changes in the numbers of tourists from China to Taiwan are economically significant, and confirm the types of tourists that are most likely to be affected by such major events.[[notice]]補正完
An Event Study of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan
The number of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan has been closely related to the political
relationship across the Taiwan Strait. The occurrence of political events and disasters or
accidents have had, and will continue to have, a huge impact on the Taiwan tourism
market. To date, there has been relatively little empirical research conducted on this issue.
In this paper, tourists are characterized as being involved in one of three types of tourism:
group tourism (group-type), individual tourism (individual-type), and medical
cosmetology (medical-type). We use McAleer’s (2015) fundamental equation in tourism
finance to examine the correlation that exists between the rate of change in the number
of tourists and the rate of return on tourism. Second, we use the event study method to
observe whether the numbers of tourists have changed abnormally before and after the
occurrence of major events on both sides of the Strait. Three different types of
conditional variance models, namely, GARCH (1,1), GJR (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1), are
used to estimate the abnormal rate of change in the number of tourists. The empirical
results concerning the major events affecting the changes in the numbers of tourists from
China to Taiwan are economically significant, and confirm which types of tourists are
most likely to be affected by such major events
Asymmetric Risk Impacts of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan
Since 2008, when Taiwan’s President Ma Ying-Jeou relaxed the Cross-Strait policy,
China has become Taiwan’s largest source of international tourism. In order to
understand the risk persistence of Chinese tourists, the paper investigates the short-run
and long-run persistence of shocks to the change rate of Chinese tourists to Taiwan.
The daily data used for the empirical analysis is from 1 January 2013 to 28 February
2018. McAleer’s (2015) fundamental equation in tourism finance is used to link the
change rate of tourist arrivals and the change in tourist revenues. Three widely-used
univariate conditional volatility models, namely GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and
EGARCH(1,1), are used to measure the short-run and long-run persistence of shocks,
as well as symmetric, asymmetric and leverage effects. Three different Heterogeneous
AutoRegressive (HAR) models, HAR(1), HAR(1,7) HAR(1,7,28), are considered as
alternative mean equations for capturing a variety of long memory effects. The mean
equations associated with GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) are used to
analyse the risk persistence of the change in Chinese tourists. The exponential
smoothing process is used to adjust the seasonality around the trend in Chinese
tourists. The empirical results show asymmetric impacts of positive and negative
shocks on the volatility of the change in the number of Group-type and Medical-type
tourists, while Individual-type tourists display a symmetric volatility pattern.
Somewhat unusually, leverage effects are observed in EGARCH for Medical-type
tourists, which shows a negative correlation between shocks in tourist numbers and
the subsequent shocks to volatility. For both Group-type and Medical-type tourists,
the asymmetric impacts on volatility show that negative shocks have larger effects
than do positive shocks. The leverage effect in EGARCH for Medical-type tourists
implies that larger shocks would decrease volatility in the change in the numbers of
Medical-type tourists. These results suggest that Taiwan tourism authorities should act
to prevent the negative shocks for the Group-type and Medical-type Chinese tourists
to dampen the shocks that arise from having fewer Chinese tourists to Taiwan
The renormalization of the effective Lagrangian with spontaneous symmetry breaking: the SU(2) case
We study the renormalization of the nonlinear effective SU(2) Lagrangian up
to with spontaneous symmetry breaking. The Stueckelberg
transformation, the background field gauge, the Schwinger proper time and heat
kernel method, and the covariant short distance expansion technology, guarantee
the gauge covariance and incooperate the Ward indentities in our calculations.
The renormalization group equations of the effective couplings are derived and
analyzed. We find that the difference between the results gotten from the
direct method and the renormalization group equation method can be quite large
when the Higgs scalar is far below its decoupling limit.Comment: ReVTeX, 12 figures, 22 pages, some bugs are kicked off from programs,
numerical analysis is renew
New limits on the ordered moments in alpha-Pu and Ga-stabilized delta-Pu
We present the first muon spin relaxation measurements ever performed on
elemental Pu, and set the most stringent upper limits to date on the magnitude
of the ordered moment in alpha-Pu and delta-stabilized Pu (alloyed with 4.3 at.
% Ga). Assuming a nominal hyperfine coupling field of 1 kOe per Bohr magneton
we set an upper limit of 0.001 Bohr magnetons for both materials at T = 4 K.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to 10th International Conference on
Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance, Oxford, UK, August 200
Incipient Separation in Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions as Induced by Sharp Fin
The incipient separation induced by the shock wave turbulent boundary layer
interaction at the sharp fin is the subject of present study. Existing theories
for the prediction of incipient separation, such as those put forward by McCabe
(1966) and Dou and Deng (1992), can have thus far only predicting the direction
of surface streamline and tend to over-predict the incipient separation
condition based on the Stanbrook's criterion. In this paper, the incipient
separation is firstly predicted with Dou and Deng (1992)'s theory and then
compared with Lu and Settles (1990)' experimental data. The physical mechanism
of the incipient separation as induced by the shock wave/turbulent boundary
layer interactions at sharp fin is explained via the surface flow pattern
analysis. Furthermore, the reason for the observed discrepancy between the
predicted and experimental incipient separation conditions is clarified. It is
found that when the wall limiting streamlines behind the shock wave becomes\
aligning with one ray from the virtual origin as the strength of shock wave
increases, the incipient separation line is formed at which the wall limiting
streamline becomes perpendicular to the local pressure gradient. The formation
of this incipient separation line is the beginning of the separation process.
The effects of Reynolds number and the Mach number on incipient separation are
also discussed. Finally, a correlation for the correction of the incipient
separation angle as predicted by the theory is also given.Comment: 34 pages; 9 figure
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