Large-Scale Assessment of Polygon-Edge Boulder Clustering in the Martian Northern Lowlands

Two features evident in many images of the martian northern low-lands are polygonal fractures (especially northwards of 60N) and meter-scale surface boulders. Since their first observation, several attempts have been made to classify and study these polygons as well as how the forces that form these polygons may modify the surface. Surface boulders have been used as a potential indicator of such modification, though current studies find evidence both for and against their association with the underlying polygons. Both these investigations are limited by the same fundamental challenge: map-ping the location of surface boulders manually is not practical at large scales. Here, we use the Martian Boulder Automatic Recognition System (MBARS) to provide image-wide assessments of boulder location and size, enabling large-scale assessment of boulder populations. To compare these boulder locations with the underlying polygons, we modified the 2-D Fourier analysis described by Orloff in 2013 to analyze boulder locations. When compared with Orloffs observations of polygon scales, this provides an avenue for large-scale comparison of boulder-cluster scale and polygon scale

Optimum imaging strategies for advanced prostate cancer: ASCO guideline

PURPOSE Provide evidence- and expert-based recommendations for optimal use of imaging in advanced prostate cancer. Due to increases in research and utilization of novel imaging for advanced prostate cancer, this guideline is intended to outline techniques available and provide recommendations on appropriate use of imaging for specified patient subgroups. METHODS An Expert Panel was convened with members from ASCO and the Society of Abdominal Radiology, American College of Radiology, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, American Urological Association, American Society for Radiation Oncology, and Society of Urologic Oncology to conduct a systematic review of the literature and develop an evidence-based guideline on the optimal use of imaging for advanced prostate cancer. Representative index cases of various prostate cancer disease states are presented, including suspected high-risk disease, newly diagnosed treatment-naïve metastatic disease, suspected recurrent disease after local treatment, and progressive disease while undergoing systemic treatment. A systematic review of the literature from 2013 to August 2018 identified fully published English-language systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, reports of rigorously conducted phase III randomized controlled trials that compared $ 2 imaging modalities, and noncomparative studies that reported on the efficacy of a single imaging modality. RESULTS A total of 35 studies met inclusion criteria and form the evidence base, including 17 systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis and 18 primary research articles. RECOMMENDATIONS One or more of these imaging modalities should be used for patients with advanced prostate cancer: conventional imaging (defined as computed tomography [CT], bone scan, and/or prostate magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and/or next-generation imaging (NGI), positron emission tomography [PET], PET/CT, PET/MRI, or whole-body MRI) according to the clinical scenario

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and they are also essential for the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services that are important to human well-being. There is increasing evidence that biodiversity contributes to forest ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here we provide a review of forest ecosystem services including biomass production, habitat provisioning services, pollination, seed dispersal, resistance to wind storms, fire regulation and mitigation, pest regulation of native and invading insects, carbon sequestration, and cultural ecosystem services, in relation to forest type, structure and diversity. We also consider relationships between forest biodiversity and multifunctionality, and trade-offs among ecosystem services. We compare the concepts of ecosystem processes, functions and services to clarify their definitions. Our review of published studies indicates a lack of empirical studies that establish quantitative and causal relationships between forest biodiversity and many important ecosystem services. The literature is highly skewed; studies on provisioning of nutrition and energy, and on cultural services, delivered by mixed-species forests are under-represented. Planted forests offer ample opportunity for optimising their composition and diversity because replanting after harvesting is a recurring process. Planting mixed-species forests should be given more consideration as they are likely to provide a wider range of ecosystem services within the forest and for adjacent land uses. This review also serves as the introduction to this special issue of Biodiversity and Conservation on various aspects of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services

Feasibility of Postpartum Rapid Hospital Discharge: A Study from a Community Hospital Population

We have examined the safety and efficacy of an early postpartum discharge program in 289 patients who were identified prior to delivery and counseled and educated for discharge 12 to 36 hours after delivery. A total of 55% of the study patients were able to be discharged early. There were 4.3% significant maternal problems and 3% significant neonatal problems identified in the first 72 hours after delivery by a nurse practitioner home visit. Significant maternal problems after 72 hours (10%) and neonatal problems (5%) were also found by follow-up visits. The hospital readmission rate was 1.8%. These incidences are consistent with other studies in the literature and suggest that some type of early follow-up of both the mother and infant should routinely accompany early postpartum discharge programs

Feasibility of Postpartum Rapid Hospital Discharge: A Study From a Community Hospital Population

We have examined the safety and efficacy of an early postpartum discharge program in 289 patients who were identified prior to delivery and counseled and educated for discharge 12 to 36 hours after delivery. A total of 55% of the study patients were able to be discharged early. There were 4.3% significant maternal problems and 3% significant neonatal problems identified in the first 72 hours after delivery by a nurse practitioner home visit. Significant maternal problems after 72 hours (10%) and neonatal problems (5%) were also found by follow-up visits. The hospital readmission rate was 1.8%. These incidences are consistent with other studies in the literature and suggest that some type of early follow-up of both the mother and infant should routinely accompany early postpartum discharge programs

Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity: Third Year Extended Mission Operations and Results

International audienceThe Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, is completing its third year operating on Mars. It is a technology demonstration carried on the 2020 Rover to show that flight in the thin Mars atmosphere is possible [1]. The first 18 flights of the mission were summarized in [2]. Surface operations and results from flights 19 through 38 of the 1st extended mission during calendar year 2022 are described in [3]. This abstract describes the third year of surface operations and contributions it has made

Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity: Third Year Extended Mission Operations and Results

International audienceThe Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, is completing its third year operating on Mars. It is a technology demonstration carried on the 2020 Rover to show that flight in the thin Mars atmosphere is possible [1]. The first 18 flights of the mission were summarized in [2]. Surface operations and results from flights 19 through 38 of the 1st extended mission during calendar year 2022 are described in [3]. This abstract describes the third year of surface operations and contributions it has made