Study on the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with clinical mastitis in Iranian Holstein and Sarabi (Iranian native) cattle

Seventy-five Iranian Holstein cattle which comprised of two different groups (49 susceptible cattle to clinical mastitis and 26 resistant cattle to clinical mastitis) as well as forty-five Sarabi breed cattle were studied randomly for polymorphism in BoLA-DRB3.2 gene. Genotyping by single strand conformation polymorphism- polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) and then sequencing revealed the presence of previously reported 13 alleles of BoLA-DRB3.2 gene across both studied breeds. However, 3 new alleleswere identified for the studied gene in Sarabi breed in addition to the 13 alleles. Cloning and sequencing of the three newly found alleles in this study confirmed their novelty (NCBI Genebank accession numbers, EU362974, EU372975 and EU372976). Multi-primer target polymerase chain reaction (MPT-PCR) in this study failed to accurately differentiate the resistant and susceptible cattle to clinical mastitis. A combination of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analysis (HA) in a non-denaturing gel, successfully detected the resistant genotype to clinical mastitis (DRB3.2*16). To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study on the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene across an Iranian native breed (Sarabi). The results demonstrated that the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus is highlypolymorphic in the Sarabi cattle

Preliminary Rovibrational Analysis of the nν6+ν1−nν6 Vibration in HCN⋅⋅⋅HF

A preliminary rotation‐vibration analysis of the n=0 and n=1 subbands associated with the nν6+ν1−nν6 hydrogen‐bonded vibration in HCN⋅⋅⋅HF has been completed. The following excited staterotational constantsB′ and band origin frequencies ν0 have been determined for the complex. The results are consistent with a rotation‐vibration interaction constant α1=−68.3±1 MHz which correlates with an excited stater(N⋅⋅⋅F) internuclear distance of 2.762 Å, a decrease of 0.034 Å relative to the ground state.Excited state lifetimes associated with assigned transitions are demonstrated to be ≥1.8×10− 1 0s while the x 1 6 anharmonic constant is evaluated to be 4.01±0.03 cm− 1

Pineal Gland Agenesis: Review and Case Illustration.

Agenesis of the pineal gland has rarely been reported in the medical literature. Herein, we report a cadaveric specimen found to have agenesis of the pineal gland. The remaining gross examination of the brain was normal. A review of the literature was performed on this unusual finding

Update on the Notochord Including its Embryology, Molecular Development, and Pathology: A Primer for the Clinician.

The notochord is a rod-like embryological structure, which plays a vital role in the development of the vertebrate. Though embryological, remnants of this structure have been observed in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs of normal adults. Pathologically, these remnants can give rise to slow-growing and recurrent notochord-derived tumors called chordomas. Using standard search engines, the literature was reviewed regarding the anatomy, embryology, molecular development, and pathology of the human notochord. Clinicians who interpret imaging or treat patients with pathologies linked to the notochord should have a good working knowledge of its development and pathology

Calculating economic weights for growth, reproduction and wool traits in Makui sheep breed by Ecoweight software

Production, reproduction, management and economical parameters obtained from data collected from 1993 to 2012 Makui sheep research station of West Azerbaijan province in Iran were evaluated in the present study. Traits included of fertility, pregnancy rate, lamb weights from birth to the end of period, survival rate of lambs, wool production weight, average daily gain and milk production. The present value of profit computed as the difference between total revenues and total costs per ewe per year. The numeric derivation of each considered trait is calculated by increasing and decreasing the average value of the trait while was kept the other characters in the average. First all costs, revenues, profits and flock structure determined then interned input files and running the software ECOWEIGHT. The results showed that economic values per unit increase in the traits of birth weight, daily gain from birth until weaning, daily gain from weaning until end of period, conception rates ewes, little size, lamb survival, lifetime for ewes, milk yield and wool yield were 0.66, 0.51, 0.03, 0.66, 0.25, 0.85, 0.93, 0.53 and 1, respectively. Breeding objective in Makui sheep breed were productive wool yield, lifetime, lamb survival at weaning, conception rates ewes, birth weight, milk yield, daily gain from birth until weaning, little size, daily gain from weaning until end of period

The Carotid Sinus Nerve and the First English Translation of Hering\u27s Original Research on this Nerve.

This paper provides a brief depiction of the life and achievements of the most iconic experiments of Heinrich Ewald Hering. The authors herein have presented a translation of his paper on the carotid sinus nerve in English; the original paper by Heinrich Ewald Hering, titled Ueber die Wand des Sinus caroticus als Reizempfänger und den Sinusnerv als zentripetale Bahn für die Sinusreflexe (1924), provides a detailed account of his experimental process and findings. He recognized that the sinus reflexes are mediated by a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Nitrite augments tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury via the modulation of mitochondrial electron transfer

Nitrite (NO2−) is an intrinsic signaling molecule that is reduced to NO during ischemia and limits apoptosis and cytotoxicity at reperfusion in the mammalian heart, liver, and brain. Although the mechanism of nitrite-mediated cytoprotection is unknown, NO is a mediator of the ischemic preconditioning cell-survival program. Analogous to the temporally distinct acute and delayed ischemic preconditioning cytoprotective phenotypes, we report that both acute and delayed (24 h before ischemia) exposure to physiological concentrations of nitrite, given both systemically or orally, potently limits cardiac and hepatic reperfusion injury. This cytoprotection is associated with increases in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Remarkably, isolated mitochondria subjected to 30 min of anoxia followed by reoxygenation were directly protected by nitrite administered both in vitro during anoxia or in vivo 24 h before mitochondrial isolation. Mechanistically, nitrite dose-dependently modifies and inhibits complex I by posttranslational S-nitrosation; this dampens electron transfer and effectively reduces reperfusion reactive oxygen species generation and ameliorates oxidative inactivation of complexes II–IV and aconitase, thus preventing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and cytochrome c release. These data suggest that nitrite dynamically modulates mitochondrial resilience to reperfusion injury and may represent an effector of the cell-survival program of ischemic preconditioning and the Mediterranean diet

Nestin, a neuroectodermal stem cell marker, is expressed by bovine sertoli cells

Nestin, an intermediate filament protein is expressed by neuroectodermal stem cells and tumors originating from cells of neuroectodermal and mesenchymal lineages. Nestin expression is prominent in embryos and remains upregulated until 3-6 weeks after birth but is downregulated afterward. Sertoli cells are nucleated somatic cells that are spanned in the seminiferous epithelium and play a critical role in supporting and controlling germ-cell development. In this context, we employed immunocytochemical, Western blot, and Flow cytometric analyses to demonstrate nestin expression in bovine sertoli cells. Immunostaining clearly showed that setoli cells express high levels of nestin, a result which was confirmed by Western blot analysis of purified cells. Intracellular staining of sertoli cells by flow cytometry revealed that around 74 of the cells express this marker. Given the high expression of vimentin by sertoli cells, it is proposed that the expression of nestin in these cells might be required for the formation of stable vimentin/nestin intermediate filament network. In light of these findings, it seems that sertoli cells of mature bull have potentiality of proliferation. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited