209 research outputs found
Ring-enhancing Brain Lesions in a Patient with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus from the Central United States of America
Background: Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungus found worldwide. It most commonly causes pulmonary infections. In patients with defects in cellular immunity it can cause disseminated infections including central nervous system infections. Case presentation: We present a case of a 44-year-old with advanced human immunodeficiency virus who presented with neurologic complaints. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed ring-enhancing brain lesions. He underwent brain biopsy of one of the ring-enhancing lesions and histopathology revealed Histoplasma capsulatum. Conclusion: Ring-enhancing brain lesions due to endemic fungi in patients with advanced HIV are uncommon. Nonetheless, this should remain a diagnostic consideration in endemic areas.D. Matthew Shoemaker (1), Katherine Schwetye (2) ; 1. University of Kansas Medical Center. Assistant Professor, Infectious Diseases. 2. Saint Louis University. Assistant Professor, Pathology.Includes bibliographical reference
Locating Boosted Kerr and Schwarzschild Apparent Horizons
We describe a finite-difference method for locating apparent horizons and
illustrate its capabilities on boosted Kerr and Schwarzschild black holes. Our
model spacetime is given by the Kerr-Schild metric. We apply a Lorentz boost to
this spacetime metric and then carry out a 3+1 decomposition. The result is a
slicing of Kerr/Schwarzschild in which the black hole is propagated and Lorentz
contracted. We show that our method can locate distorted apparent horizons
efficiently and accurately.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review D. 12 pages and 22 figure
Structural and magnetic characterization of the complete delafossite solid solution (CuAlO2){1-x}(CuCrO2){x}
We have prepared the complete delafossite solid solution series between
diamagnetic CuAlO2 and the t2g^3 frustrated antiferromagnet CuCrO2. The
evolution with composition x in CuAl(1-x)Cr(x)O2 of the crystal structure and
magnetic properties has been studied and is reported here. The room-temperature
unit cell parameters follow the Vegard law and increase with x as expected. The
effective moment is equal to the Cr^3+ spin-only S = 3/2 value throughout the
entire solid solution. Theta is negative, indicating that the dominant
interactions are antiferromagnetic, and its magnitude increases with Cr
substitution. For dilute Cr compositions, J_BB was estimated by mean-field
theory to be 2.0 meV. Despite the sizable Theta, long-range antiferromagnetic
order does not develop until very large x, and is preceeded by glassy behavior.
Data presented here, and that on dilute Al-substitution from Okuda et al.,
suggest that the reduction in magnetic frustration due to the presence of
non-magnetic Al does not have as dominant an effect on magnetism as chemical
disorder and dilution of the magnetic exchange. For all samples, the 5 K
isothermal magnetization does not saturate in fields up to 5 T and minimal
hysteresis is observed. The presence of antiferromagnetic interactions is
clearly evident in the sub-Brillouin behavior with a reduced magnetization per
Cr atom. An inspection of the scaled Curie plot reveals that significant
short-range antiferromagnetic interactions occur in CuCrO2 above its Neel
temperature, consistent with its magnetic frustration. Uncompensated
short-range interactions are present in the Al-substituted samples and are
likely a result of chemical disorder
Measuring, Understanding, and Classifying News Media Sympathy on Twitter after Crisis Events
This paper investigates bias in coverage between Western and Arab media on
Twitter after the November 2015 Beirut and Paris terror attacks. Using two
Twitter datasets covering each attack, we investigate how Western and Arab
media differed in coverage bias, sympathy bias, and resulting information
propagation. We crowdsourced sympathy and sentiment labels for 2,390 tweets
across four languages (English, Arabic, French, German), built a regression
model to characterize sympathy, and thereafter trained a deep convolutional
neural network to predict sympathy. Key findings show: (a) both events were
disproportionately covered (b) Western media exhibited less sympathy, where
each media coverage was more sympathetic towards the country affected in their
respective region (c) Sympathy predictions supported ground truth analysis that
Western media was less sympathetic than Arab media (d) Sympathetic tweets do
not spread any further. We discuss our results in light of global news flow,
Twitter affordances, and public perception impact.Comment: In Proc. CHI 2018 Papers program. Please cite: El Ali, A., Stratmann,
T., Park, S., Sch\"oning, J., Heuten, W. & Boll, S. (2018). Measuring,
Understanding, and Classifying News Media Sympathy on Twitter after Crisis
Events. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems (CHI '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.317413
Cosmic Explorer: The U.S. Contribution to Gravitational-Wave Astronomy beyond LIGO
This white paper describes the research and development needed over the next decade to realize "Cosmic Explorer," the U.S. node of a future third-generation detector network that will be capable of observing and characterizing compact gravitational-wave sources to cosmological redshifts
Climatic and geographic predictors of life history variation in Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus): A range-wide synthesis
Elucidating how life history traits vary geographically is important to understanding variation in population dynamics. Because many aspects of ectotherm life history are climate-dependent, geographic variation in climate is expected to have a large impact on population dynamics through effects on annual survival, body size, growth rate, age at first reproduction, size-fecundity relationship, and reproductive frequency. The Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) is a small, imperiled North American rattlesnake with a distribution centered on the Great Lakes region, where lake effects strongly influence local conditions. To address Eastern Massasauga life history data gaps, we compiled data from 47 study sites representing 38 counties across the range. We used multimodel inference and general linear models with geographic coordinates and annual climate normals as explanatory variables to clarify patterns of variation in life history traits. We found strong evidence for geographic variation in six of nine life history variables. Adult female snout-vent length and neonate mass increased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Litter size decreased with increasing mean temperature, and the size-fecundity relationship and growth prior to first hibernation both increased with increasing latitude. The proportion of gravid females also increased with increasing latitude, but this relationship may be the result of geographically varying detection bias. Our results provide insights into ectotherm life history variation and fill critical data gaps, which will inform Eastern Massasauga conservation efforts by improving biological realism for models of population viability and climate change
Relativistic Hydrodynamic Evolutions with Black Hole Excision
We present a numerical code designed to study astrophysical phenomena
involving dynamical spacetimes containing black holes in the presence of
relativistic hydrodynamic matter. We present evolutions of the collapse of a
fluid star from the onset of collapse to the settling of the resulting black
hole to a final stationary state. In order to evolve stably after the black
hole forms, we excise a region inside the hole before a singularity is
encountered. This excision region is introduced after the appearance of an
apparent horizon, but while a significant amount of matter remains outside the
hole. We test our code by evolving accurately a vacuum Schwarzschild black
hole, a relativistic Bondi accretion flow onto a black hole, Oppenheimer-Snyder
dust collapse, and the collapse of nonrotating and rotating stars. These
systems are tracked reliably for hundreds of M following excision, where M is
the mass of the black hole. We perform these tests both in axisymmetry and in
full 3+1 dimensions. We then apply our code to study the effect of the stellar
spin parameter J/M^2 on the final outcome of gravitational collapse of rapidly
rotating n = 1 polytropes. We find that a black hole forms only if J/M^2<1, in
agreement with previous simulations. When J/M^2>1, the collapsing star forms a
torus which fragments into nonaxisymmetric clumps, capable of generating
appreciable ``splash'' gravitational radiation.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, submitted to PR
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