Global Medical Teacher

AbstractThis qualitative study is an attempt to find a deeper understanding of the concept of global medical teacher. Data was collected from faculty members of Tehran University of Medical sciences. All participants were selected through snowball sampling. A semi-structured interview with follow up probes was carried out. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed.According to one of the emerged categories, themes and sub-themes, global teacher is described as “spirit of education”, “leader” and “creator of change”. It is noteworthy that participants of this study were fully concerned about holistic educational role of teachers.Meanwhile, the requirements of the global world necessitate training of competent learners, which is quite indispensable to promote success of education system. In this stance, spiritual role of teachers amalgamated with their roles as leader and creator of change in educational settings are of major importance. Therefore, definition of “teacher” as one of the major elements of the teaching-learning process should be examined and a new concept must emerge to adapt the evolving needs of this era

How to quantify deterministic and random influences on the statistics of the foreign exchange market

It is shown that prize changes of the US dollar - German Mark exchange rates upon different delay times can be regarded as a stochastic Marcovian process. Furthermore we show that from the empirical data the Kramers-Moyal coefficients can be estimated. Finally, we present an explicite Fokker-Planck equation which models very precisely the empirical probabilitiy distributions.Comment: 3 figure

Heterogeneous volatility cascade in financial markets

Using high frequency data, we have studied empirically the change of volatility, also called volatility derivative, for various time horizons. In particular, the correlation between the volatility derivative and the volatility realized in the next time period is a measure of the response function of the market participants. This correlation shows explicitly the heterogeneous structure of the market according to the characteristic time horizons of the differents agents. It reveals a volatility cascade from long to short time horizons, with a structure different from the one observed in turbulence. Moreover, we have developed a new ARCH-type model which incorporates the different groups of agents, with their characteristic memory. This model reproduces well the empirical response function, and allows us to quantify the importance of each group.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, To be published in Physica

Search for heavy gluons from composite Higgs model through vector-like top quark decay topologies with the atlas experiment

La recherche de la production de gluons lourds gKK, de type Kaluza-Klein dans la théorie avec dimensions supplémentaires, qui se désintègre en une paire de SM quark top (t¯t), ou en un VLQ top et un SM quark top (tT ), est présentée dans cette thèse. Cette recherche est basée sur les collisions de proton proton à 8 TeV, enregistrées durant l’année 2012 par le détecteur ATLAS au LHC, au CERN. La luminosité, correspondante à ces énergies de collisions, a été de 20.3 fb^−1. Dans le cas de gKK -> tT , trois types d’analyses ont été effectuées de façon indépendante: VLQ top (T) se désintégrant en un boson W et un quark b (T -> W b), avec un large rapport de branchement, VLQ top se désintégrant en un boson de Higgs composite et un SM quark top (T -> H t), avec un large rapport de branchement, et VLQ top se désintégrant en un boson Z et un SM quark top (T -> Z t). Dans chaque cas, les données, issues des collisions, sont étudiées dans des états finaux avec un lepton et des jets. Ces états sont caractérisés par un electron ou un muon isolé ayant une impulsion transverse large, une énergie transverse manquante et jets. Les spectres de la masse invariante de t¯t et de t¯t+jets, sont ensuite examinés, afin de vérifier un éventuel excès (ou un déficit) inconsistant avec les prédictions du Modèle Standard. Aucune évidence de résonance de paire de quarks top a été observée, et une limite d’échelle de confiance de 95% a été déterminée pour des résonances lourdes prévues par les modèles benchmark. D’une part, une résonance correspondant à un gluon de type Kaluza–Klein (de largeur de 15.3%) prévu par le modèle Randall–Sundrum, qui se désintègre avec un taux d’embranchement de 100% en une paire de SM quarks top a été exclue avec 95% de degré de confiance, jusque pour les masses inférieures à 2.0 TeV. D’autre part, les excitations de gluon de type Kaluza–Klein, dans le modèle composite avec des paramètres de benchmark pour des angles de mélange et une largeur de 10%, de masse 1.0 TeV, qui se désintègrent en un SM quark top, et, un VLQ top de masse 0.6 TeV pour tous les embranchements propres à VLQ top, ont été exclues avec 95% de degré de confiance. Finalement, les excitations de gluon de type Kaluza–Klein, de largeur de 10%, ayant une masse de 2.0 TeV, qui se désintègrent en un SM quark top et un VLQ top de masse 1.4 TeV, avec des scenarios qui respectent BR (T -> Wb) tT , we performed targeting three cases: VLQ top (T) with significant branching ratio to a W boson and a b-quark (T -> W b), VLQ top with significant branching ratio to a composite Higgs boson and a standard model top quark (T -> H t) and VLQ top with significant branching ratio to a Z boson and a standard model top quark (T -> Z t). Data are analyzed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterized by an isolated electron or muon with high transverse momentum, large missing transverse momentum and multiple jets. The invariant mass spectrum of t¯t and t¯t + jets is examined for local excesses or deficits that are inconsistent with the Standard Model predictions. No evidence for a top quark pairs resonance is found, and 95% confidence-level limits on the production rate are determined for massive states in benchmark models. On the one hand, a Kaluza–Klein excitation of the gluon of width 15.3% with a branching ratio of 100% into a SM top quark pairs in a Randall–Sundrum model, is excluded for masses below 2.0 TeV. On the other hand, in a composite model where the heavy gluon decays to tT , using benchmark parameters for mixing angles, a 1.0 TeV Kaluza–Klein excitation of the gluon of width 10% that decay to one SM and a 0.6 TeV VLQ top, considering any VLQ top branching ratio scenario, is excluded at 95% Confidence Level (CL). Finally, a 2.0 TeV Kaluza–Klein excitation of the gluon, of width 10%, that decays into one SM in association with a 1.4 TeV VLQ top, with any scenario with BR (T -> Wb) < 0.80, is excluded at 95% CL. The samples used in these analyses were validated by ATLAS collaboration, however the results shown in this thesis were not reviewed by the ATLAS collaboration for publication

Psychometric analysis of the ambulatory care learning education environment measure (ACLEEM) in Iran

Background: Examining educational environment (academic and clinical) by means of a valid, reliable and comprehensive questionnaire is a major key in achieving a highly qualified student - oriented curricula. The Persian translation of Ambulatory Care Learning Education Environment Measure-ACLEEM questionnaire has been developed to support this goal, and its psychometrics has been explored in this administration in teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive - analytical study involved medical residents in four major clinics. In this study, the ACLEEM Questionnaire was conducted after translating and retranslating the questionnaire and examine the face and content validity, construct validity, test retest reliability and internal consistency coefficient. Results: In this study, 157 out of 192 residents completed the questionnaire (response rate 82). The mean age of the residents was 31.81 years. The final mean of the questionnaire was calculated as 110.91 out of 200 (with 95 confidence interval). Test - retest stability of the questionnaire was between 0.322 and 0.968. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The content validity ratio was 0.64; and content validity Index was 0.78. In Exploratory factor analysis, eight factors were confirmatory that changed the orientation of some questions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.936. Conclusion: According to the data, the Persian version of the ACLEEM questionnaire has sufficient psychometric reliability and validity to be used for conducting research, teaching and practicing the educational learning environment in ambulatory care in Iran

Genomics-based re-examination of the taxonomy and phylogeny of human and simian Mastadenoviruses: an evolving whole genomes approach, revealing putative zoonosis, anthroponosis, and amphizoonosis

With the advent of high-resolution and cost-effective genomics and bioinformatics tools and methods contributing to a large database of both human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) adenoviruses, a genomics-based re-evaluation of their taxonomy is warranted. Interest in these particular adenoviruses is growing in part due to the applications of both in gene transfer protocols, including gene therapy and vaccines, as well in oncolytic protocols. In particular, the re-evaluation of SAdVs as appropriate vectors in humans is important as zoonosis precludes the assumption that human immune system may be na€ıve to these vectors. Additionally, as impor- tant pathogens, adenoviruses are a model organism system for understanding viral pathogen emergence through zoonosis and anthroponosis, particularly among the primate species, along with recombination, host adaptation, and selection, as evidenced by one long-standing human respiratory pathogen HAdV-4 and a recent re-evaluation of another, HAdV-76. The latter reflects the insights on amphizoonosis, defined as infections in both directions among host species including “other than human”, that are pos- sible with the growing database of nonhuman adenovirus genomes. HAdV-76 is a recombinant that has been isolated from human, chimpanzee, and bonobo hosts. On-going and potential impacts of adenoviruses on public health and translational medicine drive this evaluation of 174 whole genome sequences from HAdVs and SAdVs archived in GenBank. The conclusion is that rather than separate HAdV and SAdV phylogenetic lineages, a single, intertwined tree is observed with all HAdVs and SAdVs forming mixed clades. Therefore, a single designation of “primate adenovirus” (PrAdV) superseding either HAdV and SAdV is proposed, or alter- natively, keeping HAdV for human adenovirus but expanding the SAdV nomenclature officially to include host species identifica- tion as in ChAdV for chimpanzee adenovirus, GoAdV for gorilla adenovirus, BoAdV for bonobo adenovirus, and ad libitum

Molecular evolution of human adenoviruses

The recent emergence of highly virulent human adenoviruses (HAdVs) with new tissue tropisms underscores the need to determine their ontogeny. Here we report complete high quality genome sequences and analyses for all the previously unsequenced HAdV serotypes (n = 20) within HAdV species D. Analysis of nucleotide sequence variability for these in conjunction with another 40 HAdV prototypes, comprising all seven HAdV species, confirmed the uniquely hypervariable regions within species. The mutation rate among HAdV-Ds was low when compared to other HAdV species. Homologous recombination was identified in at least two of five examined hypervariable regions for every virus, suggesting the evolution of HAdV-Ds has been highly dependent on homologous recombination. Patterns of alternating GC and AT rich motifs correlated well with hypervariable region recombination sites across the HAdV-D genomes, suggesting foci of DNA instability lead to formulaic patterns of homologous recombination and confer agility to adenovirus evolution

Abnormal Perceptual Sensitivity in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors

Objective Several compulsive grooming habits such as hair pulling, skin picking, and nail biting are collectively known as body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Although subclinical BFRBs are common and benign, more severe and damaging manifestations exist that are difficult to manage. Researchers have suggested that BFRBs are maintained by various cognitive, affective, and sensory contingencies. Although the involvement of cognitive and affective processes in BFRBs has been studied, there is a paucity of research on sensory processes. Methods The current study tested whether adults with subclinical or clinical BFRBs would report abnormal patterns of sensory processing as compared to a healthy control sample. Results Adults with clinical BFRBs (n = 26) reported increased sensory sensitivity as compared to persons with subclinical BFRBs (n = 48) and healthy individuals (n = 33). Elevations in sensation avoidance differentiated persons with clinical versus subclinical BFRBs. Sensation seeking patterns were not different between groups. Unexpectedly, BFRB severity was associated with lower registration of sensory stimuli, but this finding may be due to high psychiatric comorbidity rates in the BFRB groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that several sensory abnormalities may underlie BFRBs. Implications for the etiology and treatment of BFRBs are discussed

Establishing an Online Writing Center for Health Professions Education

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the commonly-used modules of Online Writing Centers worldwide to establish the first Online Writing Center in the context of health professions education in Iran. Design/methodology/approach: This observational study was conducted during 2019-2021. In the initial round of search, we identified 61 eligible OWCs whose websites comprised 14 common modules. Then, we searched the top universities according to 2021 Times Higher Education World University Ranking. We probed the modules of the writing centers of the included universities by using a Google form. We identified the modules repeatedly appearing on the websites of the writing centers, and then reviewed the content of each module in order to find a common label which could later be used for constructing our online writing center. Findings: Our final search yielded 26 universities with 22 common modules. The researchers came to a consensus about the modules to be included and the labels assigned to them. Finally, a website was created, and the modules were included. Value of paper: Online Writing Centers scaffold students by giving feedback on word choice errors and assist them in producing grammatically accurate texts. The Online Writing Centers being designed based on the findings of this study can assist many researchers who intend to publish their scientific findings in English