Intermediate role of gut microbiota in vitamin B nutrition and its influences on human health

Vitamin B consists of a group of water-soluble micronutrients that are mainly derived from the daily diet. They serve as cofactors, mediating multiple metabolic pathways in humans. As an integrated part of human health, gut microbiota could produce, consume, and even compete for vitamin B with the host. The interplay between gut microbiota and the host might be a crucial factor affecting the absorbing processes of vitamin B. On the other hand, vitamin B supplementation or deficiency might impact the growth of specific bacteria, resulting in changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota. Together, the interplay between vitamin B and gut microbiota might systemically contribute to human health. In this review, we summarized the interactions between vitamin B and gut microbiota and tried to reveal the underlying mechanism so that we can have a better understanding of its role in human health

Research Progress and Propect of Mustard Breeding

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is an important vegetable crop in China with a wide cultivation area and a long history of cultivation. With the increasing improvement of people's living standard and the changes in environmental conditions, new requirements for the quality and resistant varieties of mustard have been put forward. A large number of scientific researchers have completed the collection, conservation and gene function mining of a considerable amount of mustard germplasm resources, and have conducted researches on breeding and molecular biology, which has made great contributions to the improvement of mustard varieties. China is rich in mustard germplasm resources. There are many local varieties, and these local varieties are often faced with the problems of degradation of variety and quality defects after years of self-retaining, and how to improve these local varieties has become an urgent problem. This review describes the advanced breeding methods of mustard and their principles and the research results obtained. Advanced breeding methods mainly include mutagenesis breeding techniques, distant hybrid breeding techniques, transgenic breeding techniques, gene editing breeding techniques and molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques. The use of these advanced breeding techniques has not only made many achievements in changing the resistance, quality and adaptability of mustard varieties, but also helped to construct sterile lines to serve mustard cross breeding. In addition, this review also provides an outlook on the future research directions of mustard breeding in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical basis for the breeding of local special mustard varieties

Robust visual recognition in poor visibility conditions: a prior knowledge-guided adversarial learning approach

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in numerous computer vision tasks. However, recent research reveals that deep neural networks are vulnerable to natural perturbations from poor visibility conditions, limiting their practical applications. While several studies have focused on enhancing model robustness in poor visibility conditions through techniques such as image restoration, data augmentation, and unsupervised domain adaptation, these efforts are predominantly confined to specific scenarios and fail to address multiple poor visibility scenarios encountered in real-world settings. Furthermore, the valuable prior knowledge inherent in poor visibility images is seldom utilized to aid in resolving high-level computer vision tasks. In light of these challenges, we propose a novel deep learning paradigm designed to bolster the robustness of object recognition across diverse poor visibility scenes. By observing the prior information in diverse poor visibility scenes, we integrate a feature matching module based on this prior knowledge into our proposed learning paradigm, aiming to facilitate deep models in learning more robust generic features at shallow levels. Moreover, to further enhance the robustness of deep features, we employ an adversarial learning strategy based on mutual information. This strategy combines the feature matching module to extract task-specific representations from low visibility scenes in a more robust manner, thereby enhancing the robustness of object recognition. We evaluate our approach on self-constructed datasets containing diverse poor visibility scenes, including visual blur, fog, rain, snow, and low illuminance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method yields significant improvements over existing solutions across various poor visibility conditions.Published versionThis research was funded by SunwayAI computing platform (SXHZ202103) and the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFB2501403)

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Purple and Green Flowering Chinese Cabbage and Functional Analyses of <i>BrMYB114</i> Gene

Flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) is one of the most popular vegetables in the south of China. As an antioxidant, anthocyanin is an important quality trait in vegetables, and the gene related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple flowering Chinese cabbage is also important. In this study, two flowering Chinese cabbage with extreme colors in the stem were used as materials for transcriptome analysis. RNA-seq analysis showed that 6811 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 295 transcription factors. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavanol biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were found to be significantly enriched in the purple flowering Chinese cabbage. A total of 25 DEGs associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis were found at a higher expression in purple flowering Chinese cabbage than in green flowering Chinese cabbage. Bioinformatics analysis shows that BrMYB114 is a candidate gene for the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and heterologous expression analysis of BrMYB114 in Nicotiana benthamiana indicates that BrMYB114 functions in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Therefore, our findings provide vital evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism in the purple stem in flowering Chinese cabbage

Deciphering the Enigmatic Influence: Non-Coding RNAs Orchestrating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Tumor Progression

Dysregulated expression of specific non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been strongly linked to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. These ncRNAs can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, thereby serving as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers. Numerous studies have implicated the participation of ncRNAs in the regulation of diverse signaling pathways, including the pivotal Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that is widely acknowledged for its pivotal role in embryogenesis, cellular proliferation, and tumor biology control. Recent emerging evidence has shed light on the capacity of ncRNAs to interact with key components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby modulating the expression of Wnt target genes in cancer cells. Notably, the activity of this pathway can reciprocally influence the expression levels of ncRNAs. However, comprehensive analysis investigating the specific ncRNAs associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and their intricate interactions in cancer remains elusive. Based on these noteworthy findings, this review aims to unravel the intricate associations between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during cancer initiation, progression, and their potential implications for therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, accompanied by a thorough discussion of their functional roles in tumor biology. Targeting ncRNAs and molecules associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may emerge as a promising and effective therapeutic strategy in future cancer treatments