The Fair Value of Minority Stock in Closely Held Corporations

In this Article, Professor Shishido examines the various methods—those used by the courts as well as those suggested by law and economics scholars—for determining the fair value of minority stock in closely held corporations. In Professor Shishido\u27s view, the courts\u27 method of weighing—the so-called Delaware block method—fails to arrive at the true value of the minority\u27s shares and often undervalues their worth. Professor Shishido also argues that law and economics scholars fail to differentiate between closely held corporations and publicly held corporations, thus failing to include the effect of corporate law on the fair value of closely held corporate stock

Economic Growth and Labor Market Dualism: A Preliminary Study of the Japanese Case

This paper gives some preliminary results of a study of the history of Japan's economic development, using a general equilibrium model. After some aspects of Japan's historical development and the structure of the model are briefly described, comparative static and dynamic results are shown. It is concluded that a model specification allowing for labor unemployment behaves better in replicating history than a specification assuming full employment, as in the orthodox neoclassical framework

Modeling Dualism in Japan

The history of Japan's economic development has attracted much attention because of the speed with which this country has successfully achieved a high rate of industrialization. The process of this development has been aided by traditional elements that have played an active and important role in the economy for a long time, thus allowing modern-traditional dualism to persist until well after World War II. After briefly reviewing the pattern of "dualistic development" in Japan, this paper exposits an applied general equilibrium model, which has been built to analyze the various demographic and economic forces that have shaped the path of Japan's growth and urbanization. The time periods under study are 1905-1930 and 1953-1963

Exploring the Unique and Interactive Contribution of Temperament and Executive Functioning to Parenting Behaviors

Although research is unequivocal concerning the important role of parenting in the prediction of a range of youth psychosocial outcomes, few empirical studies have examined potential contributions of parental individual differences factors to variability in parenting behaviors. Among the few studies that have, individual differences in affective dimensions of temperament (i.e., Negative Temperament [NT] and Positive Temperament [PT]) and executive functioning (EF) have individually emerged as potential key processes underlying parenting behaviors; however, they have yet to be examined jointly. Thus, using a latent variable approach, within a racially and ethnically diverse community sample of 166 parents, the current study examined the joint and interactive contribution of temperament and EF in the explanation of parenting. Further, despite conceptual overlap, parenting research has historically employed two distinct conceptual approaches: parenting practices and styles. The current study thus fitted a single integrative three-factor model (i.e., positive parenting, negative parenting, and corporal punishment) of parenting behaviors that included both styles and practices. Results suggested that parenting behaviors can be conceptualized within a single, three-factor model, allowing for the incorporation of historically distinct conceptions of parenting. Further, results revealed that affective dimensions of temperament and EF were uniquely but differentially associated with all parenting domains and EF moderated the associations between both NT and PT and positive parenting. All told, the current study provides support for an integrative model of parenting behaviors and parental temperament and EF, and their interaction, as potential critical processes associated with individual variability across parenting behaviors

Experiencing Information: Use of Pattern as a Mechanism in Architectural Design

It is imperative for architects to design and build projects in a responsible way. This equates to many factors such as structural stability, environmental sustainability, attention to cultural issues, and honesty towards a client. One specific duty of the architect is to design buildings that communicate their meaning clearly. This has become an especially challenging task as a more conceptually based design approach has become the norm in architectural practice. When the design idea or concept is taken from beyond the field of architecture, it can produce innovative works when executed successfully, or arbitrary designs when executed unsuccessfully. This project proposes a medium – which will be referred to as the use of pattern as a mechanism – with which concepts can be executed clearly, consistently, and in a highly integrated way with the many other tangible and intangible components of an architectural design. The logic on which the medium is based is derived from the writings of an anthropologist and systems thinker named Gregory Bateson. While the project does not propose that the medium is completely universal and full proof such as the nature of a mathematical equation, it does propose that the idea is highly flexible and adaptable to a range of applications. Therefore, the research attempts to test the idea in the execution of a conceptually based design of a visitor interpretation center located on the North Shore of ‘Oahu. The particular project has been selected because of its highly sensitive physical and theoretical context. Should a concept approach be used in such a situation, it would be crucial that the concept not only be appropriate, but just as importantly, clearly and tactfully executed. It is hoped that the functionality of this project’s notion of pattern in executing a design concept in this particular context will further validate it if it can be successfully applied

The Contribution of Temperament and Depressive Symptoms as Pathways to Informant Discrepancies on Parenting Practices

Despite low/moderate convergent correlations, assessment of youth typically relies on multi-informants for information across a range of domains including parenting practices. Although parent-youth informant discrepancies have been found to predict adverse youth outcomes, few studies have examined contributing factors to the explanation of informant disagreements on parenting. The current study represents the first investigation to test the fit of hypothesized path models in which mother and son’s self-reported affective dimensions of temperament and depression were concurrently examined as critical pathways to informant discrepancies on parenting. Within a community sample of 174 mother-son dyads, results suggest that whereas the effects of mothers’ temperament on discrepancies for parenting evidenced a full mediation through depression, the effect of sons’ temperament only partially depended on depression in explaining discrepancies on parenting. Results broadly confirmed the importance of considering multi-informant’s self-reported affective dimensions of temperament and depression in the explanation of discrepancies on parenting practices

Method for producing heat-resistant semi-inorganic compounds

The method for producing a heat resistant, semi-inorganic compound is discussed. Five examples in which various alcohols, phenols, and aromatic carbonic acids are used to test heat resistance and solubility are provided

Organometalic carbosilane polymers containing vanadium and their preparation

The present invention concerns a new organometallic polymer material containing in part a vanadium-siloxane linkage (V-0-Si), which has excellent resistance to heat and oxidation and a high residue ratio after high temperature treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, nitrogen, argon, helium, ammonia, or hydrogen