CLT-groups with Hall S-quasinormally embedded subgroups

A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be Hall S-quasinormally embedded in G if H is a Hall subgroup of the S-quasinormal closure H SQG . We study finite groups G containing a Hall S-quasinormally embedded subgroup of index p n for each prime power divisor p n of the order of G.Підгрупа H скінченної групи G називається підгрупою Холла, S-квазінормально вкладеною в G, якщо H — підгрупа Холла S-квазінормального замикання HSQG. Вивчаються скінченні групи G, що містять S-квазінормально вкладені підгрупи Холла індексу pn для кожного простого степеневого дільника pn порядку G

The influence of SS-quasinormality of some subgroups on the structure of finite groups

AbstractThe following concept is introduced: a subgroup H of the group G is said to be SS-quasinormal (Supplement-Sylow-quasinormal) in G if H possesses a supplement B such that H permutes with every Sylow subgroup of B. Groups with certain SS-quasinormal subgroups of prime power order are studied. For example, fix a prime divisor p of |G| and a Sylow p-subgroup P of G, let d be the smallest generator number of P and Md(P) denote a family of maximal subgroups P1,…,Pd of P satisfying ⋂i=1d(Pi)=Φ(P), the Frattini subgroup of P. Assume that the group G is p-solvable and every member of some fixed Md(P) is SS-quasinormal in G, then G is p-supersolvable

Immunometabolic regulation during the presence of microorganisms and parasitoids in insects

Multicellular organisms live in environments containing diverse nutrients and a wide variety of microbial communities. On the one hand, the immune response of organisms can protect from the intrusion of exogenous microorganisms. On the other hand, the dynamic coordination of anabolism and catabolism of organisms is a necessary factor for growth and reproduction. Since the production of an immune response is an energy-intensive process, the activation of immune cells is accompanied by metabolic transformations that enable the rapid production of ATP and new biomolecules. In insects, the coordination of immunity and metabolism is the basis for insects to cope with environmental challenges and ensure normal growth, development and reproduction. During the activation of insect immune tissues by pathogenic microorganisms, not only the utilization of organic resources can be enhanced, but also the activated immune cells can usurp the nutrients of non-immune tissues by generating signals. At the same time, insects also have symbiotic bacteria in their body, which can affect insect physiology through immune-metabolic regulation. This paper reviews the research progress of insect immune-metabolism regulation from the perspective of insect tissues, such as fat body, gut and hemocytes. The effects of microorganisms (pathogenic bacteria/non-pathogenic bacteria) and parasitoids on immune-metabolism were elaborated here, which provide guidance to uncover immunometabolism mechanisms in insects and mammals. This work also provides insights to utilize immune-metabolism for the formulation of pest control strategies

Contextual Similarity is More Valuable than Character Similarity: Curriculum Learning for Chinese Spell Checking

Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) task aims to detect and correct Chinese spelling errors. In recent years, related researches focus on introducing the character similarity from confusion set to enhance the CSC models, ignoring the context of characters that contain richer information. To make better use of contextual similarity, we propose a simple yet effective curriculum learning framework for the CSC task. With the help of our designed model-agnostic framework, existing CSC models will be trained from easy to difficult as humans learn Chinese characters and achieve further performance improvements. Extensive experiments and detailed analyses on widely used SIGHAN datasets show that our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods

Distribution and speciation of dissolved iron in Jiaozhou Bay (Yellow Sea, China)

The distribution of total dissolved iron (DFe) and its chemical speciation were studied in vertical profiles of the shallow and semi-closed Jiaozhou Bay (JZB, China) during two contrasting periods: summer (July 19th, 2011) and spring (May 10th, 2012). Samples collected from the surface, middle and bottom layers were analyzed by competitive ligand exchange-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-aCSV). The mean DFe concentration during the summer period (median 18.8 nM ; average 20.7 nM) was higher than in the spring period (median 12.4 nM ; average 16.9 nM), whereas the spatio-temporal variation in spring was larger than in summer. The DFe-values showed distinct regional and seasonal differences, ranging from 5.6 to 107 nM in spring period and 13.4 to 43.4 nM in summer period. In spring, the highest DFe-values were observed in the eastern coastal region, especially near an industrial area (up to 107 nM), whereas the DFe distribution in summer was relatively even. Due to a tide influence, the vertical variations in the DFe and Lt in both seasons were not significant. On average, the Lt concentration (one class of ligand was estimated in all samples), was higher in spring (35.2 ± 23.4 nM) than in summer (31.1 ± 10.3 nM). A statistically significant correlation was found between Lt and DFe concentrations, it was higher for the summer period than for the spring period. The conditional stability constants (logK′) of organic complexes with iron were weaker in spring (11.7 ± 0.3) than in summer (12.3 ± 0.3). The concentrations of Lt were higher in comparison to DFe in all samples: the average [Lt]/[DFe] ratio in the spring and summer samples was 2.4 and 1.5, respectively. Speciation calculations showed that the DFe in the JZB existed predominantly (over 99.99%) in the form of strong organic complexes in both seasons

Microstructure and dielectric properties of biocarbon nanofiber composites

A kind of web-like carbon with interconnected nanoribbons was fabricated using bacterial cellulose pyrolyzed at various temperatures, and the microwave dielectric properties were investigated. Bacterial cellulose was converted into carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC) with a novel three-dimensional web built of entangled and interconnected cellulose ribbons when the carbonization temperature was below 1,200°C; the web-like structure was destroyed at a temperature of 1,400°C. Composites of CBC impregnated with paraffin wax exhibited high complex permittivity over a frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz, depending on the carbonization temperature. Both real and imaginary parts were the highest for CBC pyrolyzed at 1,200°C. The complex permittivity also strongly depended on CBC loadings. For 7.5 wt.% loading, the real and imaginary permittivities were about 12 and 4.3, respectively, and the minimum reflection loss was -39 dB at 10.9 GHz. For 30 wt.% loading, the real and imaginary permittivities were about 45 and 80, respectively, and the shielding efficiency was more than 24 dB in the measured frequency range and could be up to 39 dB at 18 GHz. The electromagnetic properties were assumed to correlate with both the dielectric relaxation and the novel web-like structure

Formulation and characterization of a novel, photoinitiated small intestinal sub-mucosal wound-healing hydrogel

Purpose: To design and characterize a novel 3-D photo-initiated small intestinal sub-mucosal (SIS) hydrogel for use as a scaffold.Methods: Two concentrations of hydrogel were used: 10 mg/mL SIS gel (designated as 1 % hydrogel) and 20 mg/mL SIS gel (designated as 2 % hydrogel). Cross-sections of the hydrogels were examined by scanning electron microscope. In vitro cell culture was carried out on the hydrogels, and cell count was obtained on each hydrogel at different time points. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess in vivo biodegradability of the gels, as well as tissue regeneration.Results: The 1 % hydrogel possessed a larger pore size (143 ± 22 μm) than the 2 % hydrogel (113 ± 17 μm) and showed significantly higher biodegradation rate (22.79 ± 2.47 % of gel left on day 5) than 2% hydrogel (35.37 ± 4.51 % of gel left on day 5) (p < 0.05). However, results from cell culture showed that the 2 % hydrogel had better biocompatibility than 1 % hydrogel. In vivo data revealed that the gels supported cell growth (cell count on days 3 and 5 were 48.33 ± 17.61 and 105.67 ± 21.36, respectively).Conclusion: These results suggest that SIS hydrogels have a high potential for application in tissue regeneration.Keywords: Extracellular matrix, Small intestinal sub-mucosa, Hydrogel, Wound healin

Focus Is What You Need For Chinese Grammatical Error Correction

Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) aims to automatically detect and correct grammatical errors contained in Chinese text. In the long term, researchers regard CGEC as a task with a certain degree of uncertainty, that is, an ungrammatical sentence may often have multiple references. However, we argue that even though this is a very reasonable hypothesis, it is too harsh for the intelligence of the mainstream models in this era. In this paper, we first discover that multiple references do not actually bring positive gains to model training. On the contrary, it is beneficial to the CGEC model if the model can pay attention to small but essential data during the training process. Furthermore, we propose a simple yet effective training strategy called OneTarget to improve the focus ability of the CGEC models and thus improve the CGEC performance. Extensive experiments and detailed analyses demonstrate the correctness of our discovery and the effectiveness of our proposed method.Comment: Submitted to ICASSP2023 (currently under review

RS4651 suppresses lung fibroblast activation via the TGF-β1/SMAD signalling pathway.

ABSTRACT Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease resulting in respiratory failure with no efficient treatment options. We investigated the protective effect of RS4651 on pulmonary fibrosis in mice and the mechanism. Methods Intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM) was used to induce pulmonary fibrosis in mice. RS4561 was administered intraperitoneally at different doses. Histopathological changes were observed. The level of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were also tested. In vitro, the proliferation and migratory effects of RS4651 treatment on MRC-5 cells pre-treated with transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) were examined. RNA-sequencing was used to detect differentially expressed target genes. Then, the expression of α-SMA, pSMAD2 and SMAD7 were analysed during RS4651 treatment of MRC-5 cells with or without silencing by SMAD7 siRNA. Results Histopathological staining results showed decreased collagen deposition in RS4651 administered mice. Additionally, a lower level of α-SMA was also observed compared to the BLM group. The results of in vitro studies confirmed that RS4651 can inhibit the proliferation and migration, as well as α-SMA and pSMAD2 expression in MRC-5 cells treated with TGF-β1. RNA-sequencing data identified the target gene SMAD7. We found that RS4651 could upregulate SMAD7 expression and inhibit the proliferation and migration of MRC-5 cells via SMAD7, and RS4651 inhibition of α-SMA and pSMAD2 expression was blocked in SMAD7-siRNA MRC-5 cells. In vivo studies further confirmed that RS4651 could upregulate SMAD7 expression in BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Conclusions Our data suggest that RS4651 alleviates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the TGF-β1/SMAD signalling pathway