64 research outputs found
Squid giant axon contains neurofilament protein mRNA but does not synthesize neurofilament proteins
Author Posting. Ā© The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 37 (2017): 475-486, doi:10.1007/s10571-016-0382-z.When isolated squid giant axons are incubated in radioactive amino acids, abundant newly synthesized proteins are found in the axoplasm. These proteins are translated in the adaxonal Schwann cells and subsequently transferred into the giant axon. The question as to whether any de novo protein synthesis occurs in the giant axon itself is difficult to resolve because the small contribution of the proteins possibly synthesized intra-axonally is not easily distinguished from the large amounts of the proteins being supplied from the Schwann cells. In this paper we reexamine this issue by studying the synthesis of endogenous neurofilament (NF) proteins in the axon. Our laboratory previously showed that NF mRNA and protein is present in the squid giant axon, but not in the surrounding adaxonal glia. Therefore, if the isolated squid axon could be shown to contain newly synthesized NF protein de novo, it could not arise from the adaxonal glia. The results of experiments in this paper show that abundant 3H-labeled NF protein is synthesized in the squid giant fiber lobe containing the giant axonās neuronal cell bodies, but despite the presence of NF mRNA in the giant axon, no labeled NF protein is detected in the giant axon. This lends support to the Glia-Axon Protein Transfer Hypothesis which posits that the squid giant axon obtains newly synthesized protein by Schwann cell transfer and not through intra-axonal protein synthesis, and further suggests that the NF mRNA in the axon is in a translationally repressed state.This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH2017-05-2
Water management at BedZED - Some lessons
Copyright Ā© 2008 ICE Publishing Ltd. Permission is granted by ICE Publishing to print one copy for personal use. Any other use of these PDF files is subject to reprint fees.The Beddington zero fossil energy development (BedZED) in London, UK, is something of a modern icon in terms of assembling simultaneously on the same site new construction methods, the best of available āgreenā technology and social engineering combined with new peri-urban lifestyles. The development also includes a number of āalternativeā water systems. As with many innovative and exploratory departures, however, not everything went according to plan. This paper describes the bold vision, highlights some of the issues and seeks to learn and disseminate lessons for the future, with special reference to the integrated water and wastewater services
Addressing the dichotomy between individual and societal approaches to personalised medicine in oncology
Academic, industry, regulatory leaders and patient advocates in cancer clinical research met in November 2018 at the Innovation and Biomarkers in Cancer Drug Development meeting in Brussels to address the existing dichotomy between increasing calls for personalised oncology approaches based on individual molecular profiles and the need to make resource and regulatory decisions at the societal level in differing health-care delivery systems around the globe. Novel clinical trial designs, the utility and limitations of real-world evidence (RWE) and emerging technologies for profiling patient tumours and tumour-derived DNA in plasma were discussed. While randomised clinical trials remain the gold standard approach to defining clinical utility of local and systemic therapeutic interventions, the broader adoption of comprehensive tumour profiling and novel trial designs coupled with RWE may allow patient and physician autonomy to be appropriately balanced with broader assessments of safety and overall societal benefit. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd
Sushi in the United States, 1945-1970
Sushi first achieved widespread popularity in the United States in
the mid-1960s. Many accounts of sushiās US establishment foreground
the role of a small number of key actors, yet underplay
the role of a complex web of large-scale factors that provided the
context in which sushi was able to flourish. This article critically
reviews existing literature, arguing that sushiās US popularity
arose from contingent, long-term, and gradual processes. It examines
US newspaper accounts of sushi during 1945ā1970, which
suggest the discursive context for US acceptance of sushi was
considerably more propitious than generally acknowledged.
Using California as a case study, the analysis also explains
conducive social and material factors, and directs attention to
the interplay of supply- and demand-side forces in the favorable
positioning of this ānewā food. The article argues that the US
establishment of sushi can be understood as part of broader
public acceptance of Japanese cuisine
Reversible Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reactions Using NiāMo Catalysts Supported on Carbon
Unitized regenerative fuel cells based on hydroxide exchange membranes are attractive for long duration energy storage. This mode of operation depends on the ability to catalyze hydrogen evolution and oxidation reversibly, and ideally using nonprecious catalyst materials. Here we report the synthesis of NiāMo catalyst composites supported on oxidized Vulcan carbon (NiāMo/oC) and demonstrate their performance for reversible hydrogen evolution and oxidation. For the hydrogen evolution reaction, we observed mass-specific activities exceeding 80 mA/mg at 100 mV overpotential, and additional measurements using hydroxide exchange membrane electrode assemblies yielded full cell voltages that were only ~100 mV larger for NiāMo/oC cathodes compared to PtāRu/C at current densities exceeding 1 A/cm2. For hydrogen oxidation, NiāMo/oC films required <50 mV overpotential to achieve half the maximum anodic current density, but activity was limited by internal mass transfer and oxidative instability. Nonetheless, estimates of the mass-specific exchange current for NiāMo/oC from micropolarization measurements showed its hydrogen evolution/oxidation activity is within 1 order of magnitude of commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations helped shed light on the high activity of NiāMo composites, where the addition of Mo leads to surface sites with weaker H-binding energies than pure Ni. These calculations further suggest that increasing the Mo content in the subsurface of the catalyst would result in still higher activity, but oxidative instability remains a significant impediment to high performance for hydrogen oxidation
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