Effect of diethyl maleate on toxicity of linalool against two stored product insects in laboratory condition

Essential oil extracted from plants has been widely investigated for pest control properties, with some proving to be toxic in insect pests. In this study, effect of the synergist diethyl maleate (DEM) on toxicity of one monoterpenoids, linalool was studied against two most common stored-product insects such as Callosobruchus maculatus and Rhyzopertha dominica. Diethyl maleate was combined in mass ratios (1:8 and 1:4) with acetone used and applied on C. maculatus and R. dominica adult. Five concentrations of linalool were tested with four replications at 24 and 48 h with 30 adult insect in each replication. After 24 h of exposure, the LC50 values were estimated to be 23.61 and 31.01 μl/l air, and after 48 h, they were 15.07 and 21.84 for each insect, respectively. A combination of inalool with the synergist after 24 h of exposure, the LC50 values was estimated to be 11.93 and 13.07 μl/l air and after 48 h, they were 7.38 and 7.93, respectively for each insect. The synergist is able to block the specific system of enzymes involved in selection of tolerance in susceptible generations. Diethyl maleate is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. These results show that diethyl maleate decrease doses of linalool.Key words: Diethyl maleate, linalool, LC50, synergism, Rhyzopertha dominica, Callosobruchus maculatus

Report of Erythraeus (Erythraeus) adanaensis (Acari: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae) from Iran

Based on a study on the Parasitengona mite fauna of East Azarbaijan province (Iran) accomplished in 2007 and 2008, several specimens were collected. Among them, Erythraeus (Erythraeus) adanaensis Saboori & Cobanoglu, 2010 is getting reported for the first time from Iran

Adsorption and dissociation of H<inf>2</inf> on Pd doped graphene-like SiC sheet

© 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCDoped porous SiC nanostructures with metallic atoms, nanoclusters and nanoparticles have been recognized as promising materials for hydrogen storage. With this regards transition metal elements are interesting impurities for use as doping. In view of this prospect, a theoretical approach based on density functional theory (DFT) was applied to study of the interaction between hydrogen molecule and a graphene-like SiC sheet doped with palladium atom. We have selected a single graphene-like SiC layer, due to its more surface charge polarization in comparison with pure graphene which makes possible remarkable interactions with adsorbed hydrogen molecules. In our study we have included two different configurations of H2 adsorption: 1) at the first state, hydrogen atoms after adsorption stretched and distance between H[sbnd]H atoms has increased but their chemical bond doesn't break. In this situation a physical adsorption occurred and the binding energy restricts applicable interests where it is appropriate for reversible hydrogen storage; 2) at the second situation, atoms of hydrogen molecule discrete from each other and adsorption occurred in a chemical manner. As instance the when a H2 molecule interact simultaneously with Pd atom and SiC nanosheet, it can be dissociated as in this case a hydrogen atom makes bond with Pd atom and the other can be adsorbed chemically on the SiC nanosheet surface. More details about adsorption mechanism are discussed it the context

ANALISA AGREGAT KASAR SEBAGAI VARIABEL BAHAN CAMPURAN BETON MENGGUNAKAN METODE SNI DAN ACI (Studi Kasus Beton Mutu K-275)

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan maksud dan tujuan adalah untuk menganalisa dan membandingkan kuat tekan beton yang dapat dicapai menggunakan agregat kasar sumber Padang Ratu, Tegineneng dan Tanjungan. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui kualitas agregat kasar yang bersumber dari daerah Padang Ratu, Tegineneng dan Tanjungan sebagai bahan campuran beton dengan metode SNI dan ACI. Untuk membandingkan nilai kuat tekan beton yang dihasilkan menggunakan agregat kasar yang bersumber dari daerah Padang Ratu, Tegineneng dan Tanjungan korelasinya terhadap pencapaian mutu beton K-275 atau setara dengan 22,825 Mpa. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel Uji Silinder diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm. Pengujian dilakukan saat umur 7, 14, 21 dan 28 dan setiap umur terdiri dari 3 benda uji. Sehingga dibutuhkan 72 benda uji. Dengan 3 variasi penggunaan agregat kasar dari 3 quarry yaitu Tanjungan, Padang Ratu dan Tegineneng menggunakan metode SNI dan ACI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas agregat mempengaruhi mutu beton yang dihasilkan. Hubungan kuat tekan beton dengan umur beton menunjukkan bahwa semakin bertambahnya umur beton, kuat tekan beton meningkat juga. Dari hasil penelitian, beton yang mencapai kuat tekan rencana adalah pada campuran beton  menggunakan agregat kasar Tanjungan dengan umur 28 hari yaitu : 23,10 Mpa (Metode ACI) dan 277,42 Kg/cm2 (Metode SNI)

The Murine Caecal MicroRNA Signature Depends on the Presence of the Endogenous Microbiota

The intestinal messenger RNA expression signature is affected by the presence and compo-sition of the endogenous microbiota, with effects on host physiology. The intestine is also characterized by a distinctive micronome. However, it is not known if microbes also impact intestinal gene expression epigenetically. We investigated if the murine caecal microRNA expression signature depends on the presence of the microbiota, and the potential implica-tions of this interaction on intestinal barrier function. Three hundred and thirty four mi-croRNAs were detectable in the caecum of germ-free and conventional male mice and 16 were differentially expressed, with samples from the two groups clustering separately based on their expression patterns. Through a combination of computational and gene expression analyses, including the use of our curated list of 527 genes involved in intestinal barrier reg-ulation, 2,755 putative targets of modulated microRNAs were identified, including 34 intes-tinal barrier-related genes encoding for junctional and mucus layer proteins and involved in immune regulation. This study shows that the endogenous microbiota influences the caecal microRNA expression signature, suggesting that microRNA modulation is another mecha-nism through which commensal bacteria impact the regulation of the barrier function and intestinal homeostasis. Through microRNAs, the gut microbiota may impinge a much larger number of genes than expected, particularly in diseases where its composition is altered. In this perspective, abnormally expressed microRNAs could be considered as novel therapeutic targets

NAViGaTing the Micronome – Using Multiple MicroRNA Prediction Databases to Identify Signalling Pathway-Associated MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs are a class of small RNAs known to regulate gene expression at the transcript level, the protein level, or both. Since microRNA binding is sequence-based but possibly structure-specific, work in this area has resulted in multiple databases storing predicted microRNA:target relationships computed using diverse algorithms. We integrate prediction databases, compare predictions to in vitro data, and use cross-database predictions to model the microRNA:transcript interactome--referred to as the micronome--to study microRNA involvement in well-known signalling pathways as well as associations with disease. We make this data freely available with a flexible user interface as our microRNA Data Integration Portal--mirDIP (http://ophid.utoronto.ca/mirDIP).mirDIP integrates prediction databases to elucidate accurate microRNA:target relationships. Using NAViGaTOR to produce interaction networks implicating microRNAs in literature-based, KEGG-based and Reactome-based pathways, we find these signalling pathway networks have significantly more microRNA involvement compared to chance (p<0.05), suggesting microRNAs co-target many genes in a given pathway. Further examination of the micronome shows two distinct classes of microRNAs; universe microRNAs, which are involved in many signalling pathways; and intra-pathway microRNAs, which target multiple genes within one signalling pathway. We find universe microRNAs to have more targets (p<0.0001), to be more studied (p<0.0002), and to have higher degree in the KEGG cancer pathway (p<0.0001), compared to intra-pathway microRNAs.Our pathway-based analysis of mirDIP data suggests microRNAs are involved in intra-pathway signalling. We identify two distinct classes of microRNAs, suggesting a hierarchical organization of microRNAs co-targeting genes both within and between pathways, and implying differential involvement of universe and intra-pathway microRNAs at the disease level

Identification and Pathway Analysis of microRNAs with No Previous Involvement in Breast Cancer

microRNA expression signatures can differentiate normal and breast cancer tissues and can define specific clinico-pathological phenotypes in breast tumors. In order to further evaluate the microRNA expression profile in breast cancer, we analyzed the expression of 667 microRNAs in 29 tumors and 21 adjacent normal tissues using TaqMan Low-density arrays. 130 miRNAs showed significant differential expression (adjusted P value = 0.05, Fold Change = 2) in breast tumors compared to the normal adjacent tissue. Importantly, the role of 43 of these microRNAs has not been previously reported in breast cancer, including several evolutionary conserved microRNA*, showing similar expression rates to that of their corresponding leading strand. The expression of 14 microRNAs was replicated in an independent set of 55 tumors. Bioinformatic analysis of mRNA targets of the altered miRNAs, identified oncogenes like ERBB2, YY1, several MAP kinases, and known tumor-suppressors like FOXA1 and SMAD4. Pathway analysis identified that some biological process which are important in breast carcinogenesis are affected by the altered microRNA expression, including signaling through MAP kinases and TP53 pathways, as well as biological processes like cell death and communication, focal adhesion and ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling. Our data identified the altered expression of several microRNAs whose aberrant expression might have an important impact on cancer-related cellular pathways and whose role in breast cancer has not been previously described

On the design of output feedback sliding mode control for a class of uncertain system

In this study, output feedback sliding mode control (OFSMC) is proposed for a class of system with the uncertainties present in its output matrix. The uncertain output exist in practical system is mainly due to measurement error contributed by sensor noise or low measurement resolution. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) approach is able to provide a promisable solution due to its robustness toward system uncertainties and disturbances, However, OFSMC has imposed a greater challenge due to inaccessibility to all of the system states. In this work, an OFSMC is designed in which the actual system output will follow the desired trajectory in spite of the presence of uncertainties. The control law is designed based on Lyapunov function which the proposed controller guarantees the asymptotic convergence of the output. The sliding surface is formulated such that stability of the reduced-order system is maintained and the convex formulation of the problem is solved by using Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Simulation result based on a numerical example is obtained to demonstrate the efficacy of proposed method

Typhoid myopathy or typhoid hepatitis: A matter of debate

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the major source of increased serum enzyme level in typhoid fever and to determine the most relevant clinical entity, hepatitis or myopathy, during typhoid fever. Methods: A total of 118 subjects proved to have typhoid fever were evaluated for serum enzymes such as transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK); and their relation with each other, clinical symptoms and serum bilirubin were evaluated by regression methods. Results: Hepatomegaly was revealed in 14% of the cases and was correlated with elevated serum biliribin (5.05 ± 13.03 mg/dL in hepatomegalic subjects). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and CK were elevated in 22 and 60% of the cases, respectively. Correlation coefficient of CK with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and LDH was R 2 = 0.68 and 0.75, respectively, which were higher than that of ALT with that two enzymes. Conclusions: In conclusion, elevation of serum enzymes in typhoid is mostly of muscular origin