Removal of heat-formed coating from a titanium alloy using high pressure waterjet: Influence of machining parameters on surface texture and residual stress

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace and medical industries owing to their high strength to weight ratio and outstanding corrosion resistance. A problem for titanium or titanium alloys is the existence of a hard, brittle and oxygen-enriched layer on the surface (so called alpha case). This is usually formed during hot forming processes or after long-term service at elevated temperatures in an open-air environment. With the development of waterjet systems, high pressure waterjet has shown its capability for the removal of such hard and difficult-to-machine coatings. Waterjet machining is usually associated with a surface roughening, which is unwanted for most of aerospace applications, but is beneficial for medical application where fixation is required (e.g. metal orthopedic implants). A potential benefit of waterjet material removal is that the process may introduce compressive residual stress to the machined surface and subsurface layers. In this study, Ti-6Al-4V with an alpha case layer was subjected to plain waterjet impact over a range of parametric conditions, to fully remove the alpha case layer. The resulting surfaces were then analyzed to demonstrate the influence of process parameters on both surface roughness and residual stress measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD)

Influence of KCl and HCl on a Laser Clad FeCrAl Alloy: In-Situ SEM and Controlled Environment High Temperature Corrosion

This study investigated the effects of HCl and KCl on a laser-clad FeCrAl coating at 450 °C in an in-situ ESEM followed by a furnace exposure. In all in-situ TEM cross-sections, three major phases were identified: an iron rich oxide, an iron-chromium mixed oxide and an aluminium enriched layer. HCl allowed chlorine based corrosion to occur which suggests interaction from its gas phase. EDX of the regions around KCl crystals showed a decrease in chromium which is an indication of chlorine selectively removing chromium. Moreover, the mass gain in HCl with KCl was significantly lower than that observed in air with KCl

Fandom and risk perceptions of Olympic tourists

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Understanding cycle tourism experiences at the Tour Down Under

Sport tourism experiences are subjective and emotional, laden with symbolic meaning. This study explores the experiences of participants who adopted the multiple roles of both an active participant and event spectator, within the parameters of one chosen sporting event. A professional cycling race event, the Tour Down Under in South Australia was chosen for this investigation, and 20 face-to-face individual interviews were conducted with cycle tourists. The three main themes emerging from the data were the interaction of people and temporary spaces on a sport tourism ‘stage’; the co-creation of authentic personal experiences and meanings; and identity reinforcement and the development of a sense of belonging. Consequently, a model for understanding sport event tourism experiences is proposed. The findings suggest that providing tourists with authentic and memorable experiences lies at the heart of what constitutes sport tourism. Whilst the results demonstrate that cycling events provide the individual with a sense of belonging or membership to a wider social group, they also illustrate that there is a continued need for more focused and nuanced approaches towards understanding sport tourism experiences that reflect the ever-increasing diversity and complexity of the interaction between sport, events and tourism

Perspectives on the Volunteering Legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games: The Development of an Event Legacy Stakeholder Engagement Matrix

Using Holmes et al.’s (2015) sustainable event legacy timeline, this paper examines the extent to which the existing volunteering infrastructure supporting volunteer management in the host city were engaged before, during and after the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, to generate a legacy for volunteering. This infrastructure includes volunteering peak bodies, volunteer resource centres, national sport governing bodies, community organisations and local government. A case study of the London 2012 Games was employed involving extensive documentary evidence and interviews with senior level informants. The findings revealed limitations with official legacy planning and a failure to engage with the voluntary sector in the host city. The event legacy timeline is combined with four key themes to emerge from the data to conceptualise an event legacy stakeholder engagement matrix. This identifies recommendations to enable future host cities to optimise opportunities from Olympic Games volunteer programmes to generate wider community benefits

The Organizational Identification and Well-being Framework: Theorizing about How Sport Organizations Contribute to Crisis Response and Recovery

During crises, sport organizations are said to play an important social role by facilitating community recovery; however, the literature lacks an overarching theoretical framework to explain how. Drawing on the social identity approach, we argue sport organizations can enhance well-being during crises to the extent that they foster shared identification among current and potential members. The Organizational Identification and Well-being Framework reflects this assertion, illustrating leadership functions to create an organization’s in-group identity that satisfies the needs of members in response to a crisis. It further outlines the SPRInT (Social support, Purpose and meaning, Relatedness, In-group norms, and Trust) pathways, which mediate the effect of organizational identification on member well-being. Our framework extends prior work examining organizational-level antecedents of identification with a sport organization by considering how leadership functions may foster organizational identification for individuals both internal and external to the organization. Moreover, it demonstrates how sport organizations may lead shared responses to address community needs and contribute to population well-being

Volunteering legacies from the Olympic Games: missed opportunities

This paper examines how far a post-event volunteering legacy is facilitated by event organising committees leveraging existing volunteering infrastructure in host communities. The paper uses the lens of regulatory capitalism to examine how the organising committees of the Sydney 2000 and London 2012 Olympic Games engaged with the third sector, and specifically the volunteering infrastructure of the host nations, in the planning, delivery and post-event phases to create a volunteering legacy for the host community. The two case studies involved 27 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders representing the organising committees and the volunteering infrastructure in the host cities. While the Sydney Olympics had no specific remit for legacy planning, the third sector led legacy efforts in Australia. At the London Olympics there was a failure to engage with the third sector, which limited Government-led legacy planning and implementation. In the latter case, the framework of regulatory capitalism prioritised contracts with the private sector over meaningful engagement with the third sector