Nous et les Autres dans une classe à Québec : des univers parallèles

Nous et les Autres dans une classe à Québec : des univers parallèlesUne classe primaire, dans une école publique de Québec, est observée sous l'angle goff-manien. Le jeu consiste ici à ranger les acteurs au sein de deux catégories distinctes : le \oiis et les Autres. Les critères utilisés pour ce classement se basent sur les différences, réelles ou imaginaires, entre les élèves. L'enseignant agit à titre de metteur en scène. Son rôle est de maîtriser et de mettre fin au " chaos " culturel qui règne dans la classe. Sous des apparences d'anthropologue archaïque, il distribue des rôles conformes aux politiques culturelles du gouvernement. Ainsi, le .\oiis et les Autres se présentent sous la forme de catégories binaires, statiques, exclusives, voire biologiques. Cet apprentissage de la logique officielle n'est cependant pas un obstacle réel pour les élèves dont les jeux se calquent sur une logique bien particulière et propre aux enfants.Us and Them in an Elementary Classroom in Québec City : Parallel WorldsWe have analyzed an elementary classroom in Québec using goffmanian perspective. We focused on how the members of the classroom - the teacher and the children - categorized themselves and each other according to their images of Us and Them. The teacher, as the director ofthe mascarade ot'identities in the classroom, tried toorganize and reorganize the rôles of the children. As once did the anthropologist with his subjects, the teacher categorized the children in a way that contlrmed the officiai stereotypes. The children learn to live with these roles in the class. However, they also maintained their worlds, in which existed a whole différent set of visions on who are us and who are them

Accuracy of the new Icare rebound tonometer vs. other portable tonometers in healthy eyes

PURPOSE: The ICare (Tiolat Oy, Helsinki, Finland) is a new portable tonometer that measures intraocular pressure (IOP) with a new rebound method, in which a very light probe is used to make momentary contact with the cornea in slow motion. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of the ICare IOP measurements by comparing them against other portable tonometers: Perkins applanation tonometer and Tono-Pen XL digital tonometer (Medtronic Solan, Jacksonville, FL). METHODS: Sixty-five young subjects were assessed with each of the tonometers. ICare tonometry was performed first, followed by Perkins applanation tonometry and Tono-Pen XL in a random order. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the Perkins tonometer and the remaining tonometers used in this study. Tonometers were also compared by plotting the difference between the methods against the mean. The hypothesis of zero bias was examined by a paired t test and the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated. RESULTS: ICare and Tono-Pen XL significantly overestimate IOP when compared with Perkins applanation tonometry. The mean of the difference between Perkins and ICare and Perkins and Tono-Pen XL was (mean +/- standard deviation) -3.35 +/- 2.28 mm Hg and -2.78 +/- 2.53 mm Hg, respectively. The 95% LoA between Perkins tonometry and ICare tonometry were between -7.81 and +1.12 and between Perkins tonometry and Tono-Pen XL tonometry between -7.74 and +2.18. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Perkins tonometry, the ICare tonometer allows clinicians to estimate IOP with a portable, rapid, and noninvasive method with similar reliability to that offered by Tono-Pen XL. Clinicians should be aware of the systematic overestimation of IOP with the ICare. Further research is needed to evaluate the performance of rebound tonometry in populations with higher IOP and assess the reliability of this technique in the early detection and follow up of glaucomatous patients

Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices

Heart failure (HF) is a global public health concern that has the potential to reach epidemic proportions. The gold standard for treating end-stage HF remains heart transplantation. Unfortunately, given the scarcity of available organs, alternative means for providing cardiac support are required. Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) have the potential to treat many patients with end-stage HF. They replace some of the mechanical functions of the failing heart to improve cardiac output and organ perfusion. These include the intra-aortic balloon pump, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist devices, and the total artificial heart. In this chapter, we will discuss a brief history of MCSD, available devices, indications, patient selection, surgical procedures, postoperative management, complications, and outcomes

A Study on Environmental Education and the Formation of Civic Awareness among Junior High School Students in Japan and Germany

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Nudge-Based Interventions on Health Promotion Activity Among Very Old People: A Pragmatic, 2-Arm, Participant-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVES: Social distancing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis can exacerbate inactivity in older adults. Novel approaches for older adults must be designed to improve their activity and maintain their health. This study examined the effect of nudge-based behavioral interventions on health-promoting activities in older adults in Japan. DESIGN: Two-arm, participant-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Japanese continuing care retirement community residents (n = 99, median age 82 years, 73% women) INTERVENTION: Two-step nudge-based behavioral intervention promoting tablet usage. METHODS: We enrolled participants from an ongoing Internet of Things project in a retirement community in Japan. For the health promotion program, tablet computers were installed in a common area for participants to receive information about their health. The intervention group received a 1-time loss-emphasized nudge (first step), followed by asking questions about when they planned to use it again (second step). The control group used the tablet computers without being asked those questions. The main outcome was the participants' mean daily tablet activity every 4 weeks for the next 16 weeks. RESULTS: Ninety-nine individuals were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The rate ratios for tablet use were significantly higher in the intervention group in the second and third periods. The subgroup analysis showed that these effects were largely attributable to men. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Nudge-based interventions can be effective in promoting activities for older adults, especially older men. The finding of this study indicates a possible intervention to engage people who are socially isolated

Learning Health System In A Senior Retirement Community: A Platform To Promote Implementation Research

Introduction: In an effort to develop a Learning Health System (LHS) for a healthy ageing society, this study launched an Internet of Things (IoT) platform in a senior residential community to continuously generate behavior logs. Methods: Considering that older adults experience difficulties in technology adaptation and declined information processing abilities, senior residents only needed to carry around a card sized beacon which was the tracking device. Participant recruitment took place in a continuing care retirement community. Individual feedback was obtained quarterly. Results: During the first 16 months, 111 residents, aged 67 to 97 years, joined the program, and nearly 90% of them were consistently monitored in their everyday lives. Participants’ average daily walking distance was slightly less than 1 km. The average time spent socializing was between 1 to 1.5 hours per day. Conclusion: The IoT platform offers the possibility of extending the target population and scope of data, as well as incorporating experimental study designs. It is expected that factors affecting older people’s everyday lives and their consequences on health outcomes are continuously studied, learned from and improved

越前若狭における渡来系伝承の研究

名古屋大学Nagoya University博士(学術)主論⽂のリポジトリ公開版を公開（2018.5.11）doctoral thesi