サイガイジ ノ ココロ ノ ケア

Disasters（e.g., earthquakes, floods, traffic accidents）are traumatic events that many people encounter and may cause various psychological or physical health problems. The impact of the devastating earthquake and subsequent life in an unfamiliar environment would cause psychological distress for almost all people affected by the earthquake. In some people, however, severe mental problems such as depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD）, known risk factors for suicidal thinking, will occur and they may continue to suffer from these mental disorders for a long time. At 17：56 on October 23,2004, an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale struck the Chuetsu region of Niigata Prefecture in Japan. This Niigata-Chuetsu earthquake left more than 4,200 persons injured and 120,000 buildings completely or partially destroyed, and displaced over 100,000 people.In this symposium, I will present our findings on psychological distress in the Niigata-Chuetsu earthquake and discuss psychological supports after a devastating disaster

Tracking the apparent location of targets in interpolated motion

AbstractUnder appropriate conditions, a target moving in discrete steps can appear to move smoothly and continuously even within the portions of the path where no physical stimulus is present. We investigated the nature of this interpolated motion in attentive tracking displays as well as apparent motion. The results showed that the apparent location of the target moved smoothly through space between the two discrete locations and the judgements of interpolated motion for attentive tracking and apparent motion were comparable to those for continuous motion in both the perceived path and the precision of the judgements. There were few, if any, differences between judgements for real and interpolated motion. An alignment procedure showed that the smooth change in location judgements was real and not a consequence of averaging across discrete locations actually seen on each trial. We also found that the slowest alternation rate which supported accurate location judgements corresponded to a critical SOA of about 500 ms, similar to the longest SOA which supported a subjective impression of motion in the display. Deviations from a constant velocity which were shorter than 200 ms did not register in the judged motion path, suggesting a fairly long time constant for the integration of velocity information into the perceived motion. These results suggest a specialized motion analysis which provides an accurate, explicit model of the interpolated motion path

Implicit Learning of Viewpoint-Independent Spatial Layouts

We usually perceive things in our surroundings as unchanged despite viewpoint changes caused by self-motion. The visual system therefore must have a function to process objects independently of viewpoint. In this study, we examined whether viewpoint-independent spatial layout can be obtained implicitly. For this purpose, we used a contextual cueing effect, a learning effect of spatial layout in visual search displays known to be an implicit effect. We investigated the transfer of the contextual cueing effect to images from a different viewpoint by using visual search displays of 3D objects. For images from a different viewpoint, the contextual cueing effect was maintained with self-motion but disappeared when the display changed without self-motion. This indicates that there is an implicit learning effect in environment-centered coordinates and suggests that the spatial representation of object layouts can be obtained and updated implicitly. We also showed that binocular disparity plays an important role in the layout representations

The desoxazoline asidiacyclamide analogue cyclo(Gly–Thr–D-Val–Thz–Ile–Thr–D-Val–Thz) acetonitrile monosolvate

The title peptide [systematic name: 4-(butan-2-yl)-7,20-bis­(1-hy­droxy­eth­yl)-10,23-bis­(propan-2-yl)-12,25-dithia-3,6,9,16,19,22,27,28-octa­aza­tricyclo­[22.2.1.111,14]octa­cosa-1(26),11(28),13,24(27)-tetra­ene-2,5,8,15,18,21-hexone acetonitrile monosolvate], C32H48N8O8S2·CH3CN, an analogue of ascidiacyclamide (ASC) [cyclo(–Ile–Oxz–D-Val–Thz–)2], lies about a twofold rotation axis, so that the glycine (Gly) and isoleucine (Ile) residues are each disordered over two sites with equal occupancies. The acetonitrile mol­ecule is also located on a twofold axis passing through the C and N atoms. In the peptide, the thia­zole rings are faced to each other with a dihedral angle of 9.63 (15)° and intra­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed. A bifurcated N—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond links the peptide mol­ecules into a layer parallel to the ab plane

Relative contributions to vergence eye movements of two binocular cues for motion-in-depth

When we track an object moving in depth, our eyes rotate in opposite directions. This type of "disjunctive" eye movement is called horizontal vergence. The sensory control signals for vergence arise from multiple visual cues, two of which, changing binocular disparity (CD) and inter-ocular velocity differences (IOVD), are specifically binocular. While it is well known that the CD cue triggers horizontal vergence eye movements, the role of the IOVD cue has only recently been explored. To better understand the relative contribution of CD and IOVD cues in driving horizontal vergence, we recorded vergence eye movements from ten observers in response to four types of stimuli that isolated or combined the two cues to motion-in-depth, using stimulus conditions and CD/IOVD stimuli typical of behavioural motion-in-depth experiments. An analysis of the slopes of the vergence traces and the consistency of the directions of vergence and stimulus movements showed that under our conditions IOVD cues provided very little input to vergence mechanisms. The eye movements that did occur coinciding with the presentation of IOVD stimuli were likely not a response to stimulus motion, but a phoria initiated by the absence of a disparity signal