Effect of Nutrient Inputs on Water Quality Change and Phytoplankton Growth in Atsumi Bay

Eutrophication in an estuary occurs as an effect of the enrichment of nutrient inputs from rivers. This condition has become one of the most common environmental issues experienced around the globe and especially in Japan. Atsumi Bay is a eutrophic coastal area in Japan. The objective of this research was to analyze the influences of nutrient inputs from the Umeda River into Atsumi Bay on pre- and post-rainfall water quality conditions. This study was conducted from July to October 2010. The results showed a decrease of surface salinity after rainfall indicating that huge freshwater inputs had overlaid the surface layer of Atsumi Bay rather than the bottom layer. Moreover, post-rainfall conditions showed an increase of chlorophyll a as an effect of phytoplankton growth, followed by an increase of particulate nutrients. On the other hand, dissolved nutrients decreased due to uptake by phytoplankton and dilution by freshwater

Human CYP2A6 is regulated by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系Human CYP2A6 is responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and coumarin as well as the metabolic activation of tobacco-related nitrosamines. Earlier studies revealed that CYP2A6 activity was increased by dietary cadmium or cruciferous vegetables, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that Nrf2 might be involved in the regulation of CYP2A6. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the CYP2A6 mRNA level in human hepatocytes was significantly (P < 0.01, 1.4-fold) induced by 10 μM sulforaphane (SFN), a typical activator of Nrf2. A computer-based search identified three putative antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the 5′-flanking region of the CYP2A6 gene at positions -1212, -2444, and -3441, termed ARE1, ARE2, and ARE3, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that Nrf2 bound only to ARE1. Luciferase assays using HepG2 cells revealed that the overexpression of Nrf2 significantly increased the reporter activities of the constructs containing a 30-bp fragment that included ARE1. However, the activity of the construct containing the intact 5′-flanking region (-1 to -1395) including ARE1 was not increased by the overexpression of Nrf2. In contrast, when the reporter construct was injected into mice via the tail vein, the reporter activity in the liver was significantly (P < 0.05, 1.9-fold) increased by SFN (1 mg/head) administration. In conclusion, we found that human CYP2A6 is regulated via Nrf2, suggesting that CYP2A6 is induced under oxidative stress. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

A Examination about Course-specific Ability on the Subjects in the Course of Arts and Crafts and Arts.: Through the Visualization of Idea Processes.

図画工作科・美術科固有の能力を形成する「発想」がどのようにして生まれ，促され，構想へと高まっていくのか，実際の授業場面でそのプロセスを可視化することは容易ではない。そしてこれが，美術教育に関する専門性や経験の十分でない多くの指導者にとって，この教科の指導を困難なものとする一因にもなっている。そこで，小・中学校の様々な発達段階の児童・生徒を対象とする具体的な授業実践を通して，絵画及び立体表現における発想プロセスの可視化を図るとともに，これを手がかりに「発想や構想の能力」を高める上で効果的な授業構想や手立ての在り方について探ることを目的に本研究に取り組んだ。学習過程を横軸，発想喚起要素（題材の特性にかかわる要素と技能的要素）を縦軸としたマトリクス表に基づく題材分析，発想を促すことに焦点化した手立ての吟味，ポートフォリオを活用した経過観察，そして個別に実施した自己評価アンケートの分析を通して，発達段階による発想の広がり方の違いや，発想に影響を与える様々な要素（鑑賞，材料，用具，協働的な学び等）についてある程度の知見を得ることができた。We practiced lessons on elementary school children and junior high school students, and tried this visualization of ideas process on painting and stereoscopic expression. We did this research so that we could explore effective lesson plans and methods to raise "ability to create ideas and concepts." We got some findings about the differences in how the ideas spread in the developmental stage and various factors that influence ideas (appreciation, materials, tools, collaborative learning etc.). This analysis based on the matrix table with the horizontal axis of the learning process and the vertical axis of the elements that inspire ideas (elements related to the characteristics of the material and skill elements), and the examination of the methods focused on encouraging the ideas, and the follow-up observation using portfolios, and the analysis of self-evaluation questionnaires conducted individually

Applicability of Financial Indicators for Public Management : Verifying Usefulness of Local Government Accounting Information Based on the Case of Suita City

地方自治体では統一的な基準にもとづく財務書類の作成が求められているが，既存の歳入・歳出情報で十分である，自団体に適した活用方法が分からないといった理由から，公会計情報の活用が十分に進んでいない。比較的簡便に公会計情報を活用する方法として，財務指標分析を行うことが考えられるが，総務省により示されている財務指標は，現時点では規範論的な解説にとどまっており，実際的な有用性については今後の検討課題となっている。そこで本研究では，国内外の先行研究にもとづき地方自治体の財務指標を「資産管理／安全性／財政持続性／サービス提供能力」という４つの大分類と，その下に「資産形成度・資産維持／流動性・期間収支／世代間負担衡平性・債務償還能力／サービス効率性・財源自律性」という８つの中分類を設けて整理し，吹田市会計室と協議を行いながら検討した。その結果，限界はあるものの公共施設等の管理や住民目線の情報提供として，公会計情報を活用した財務指標に一定の有用性が認められた。本稿はJSPS科研費16K04021（研究代表者：馬場英朗）および関西大学経済・政治研究所「財政の健全化と公会計改革研究班」（主幹：柴健次教授）の助成（2018年度～2019年度）による研究成果の一部である

Significance of Coronary Artery Calcium Score in the Target Lesion Evaluated by Multi-detector Computed Tomography for Selecting Treatment of Rotational Atherectomy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

We investigated whether coronary artery calcium score (CAC) in the target lesion on the multidetector computed tomography angiography (CTA) predicts the addition of the Rotational atherectomy (Rota) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Lesion CAC on CTA were evaluated with quantitative coronary analysis (QCA) on coronary angiography for predicting the Rota treatment in 114 consecutive patients (165 target lesions) with first PCI (68 ± 9 years old, females: 17.6%). Rota was added in 8 patients (11 lesions). The lesion length and diameter stenosis on QCA, and lesion length and lesion CAC on CTA were the primary factors associated with the addition of Rota. Using the cut-off value based on receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting the Rota based on QCA was 72.7% in 8 of 11 lesions (vessels) with Rota and the specificity was 74% in 114 of 154 without Rota in the lesion length of ≥ 23mm (χ2=10.9, p=0.001), and 54.5% in 6 of 11 lesions with Rota and the specificity was 79.2% in 122 of 154 without Rota in the diameter stenosis of ≥ 83% (χ2=6.6, p=0.01). Those based on CTA were 90.9% in 10 of 11 lesions with Rota and 77.3% in 119 of 154 without Rota in the lesion length of ≥ 34mm (χ2=24.1, p<0.001), and 90.9% in 10 of 11 with Rota and 88.3% in 136 of 154 without Rota in the lesions with CAC ≥453 (χ2=45.7, p<0.001). Lesion CAC on CTA is most predictive of addition of Rota during PCI

Genetic Drivers of Heterogeneity in Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P \u3c 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care

Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P &lt; 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.</p

ベンジリデン ラクタム カゴウブツ KNK437 ワ ヒト ケッチョウ ガン ユライ サイボウ ニ オケル オンネツ タイセイ カクトク オヨビ ネツ ショック タンパクシツ ユウドウ ノ シンキ ナ ソガイ ブッシツ

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第10630号論医博第1742号新制||医||774(附属図書館)UT51-2001-F428(主査)教授 平岡 眞寛, 教授 成宮 周, 教授 永田 和宏学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA