VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF BISOPROLOL FROM ITS BULK AND TABLET FORMULATION

The proposed method is new, simple, sensitive, reproducible, economical, accurate and precise and can be successfully applied in estimation of bisoprolol. This method can find applications in clinical studies and therapeutic drug monitoring. This method of colorimetric estimation of bisoprolol is based on the formation of blue colored chromogen when reacted with ferric chloride and pottasium ferricynide. The concentration of bisoprolol over range of  1- 13 micro g/ml was found to obey Beer's law in the stated range. The blue colored complex has absorption maxmia at 770 nm with molar absorptivity and sandell's 2.2387 x 104 lit mol-1 cm-1 and0.0154 micro g/cm2/0.001 absorbance units, reproducible, specific, and the reagent was not found to react with the soluble matters of the body fluids. The results analysis were validated as per ICH Q2B guidelines.Keywords: Bisoprolol, visible spectroscopy, validatio

Influence of Glomus Species and Soil Phosphorous on Verticillium Wilt in Bt Cotton

Amendment of single superphosphate to the soil was done at 20mg /kg and 300mg /kg. After that soil was treated with different treatments like a) Verticillium dahliae, b) Glomus species, c) both Verticillium and Glomus species d) None of Glomus species and Verticillium. The Verticillium wilt was more severe in plants infected with Glomus species than non-mycorrhizal plants fertigated at 20mg P / kg of soil. However, in plants fertigated with 300mg P / kg of soil, Verticillium wilt was equally severe in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. More propagules of V. dahliae were found in the plants fertigated with 20mg P / kg of soil, in petioles of mycorrhizal plants than that of non-mycorrhizal plants. The plants fertigated with 300mg P / kg of soil reported maximum number of propagules of V. dahliae were not significantly different in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants.  It was found that infection of V. dahliae in Bt cotton by Glomus species was not affected in plants fertigated with 20mg P / kg of soil.  The infection was inhibited by phosphorous and further by V. dahliae in plants fertigated with 300mg P / kg of soil.  The concentrations of phosphorous in the leaves of the treated plants were found similar to the treated mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants fertigated with 20mg P / kg of soil. The plants infected with V. dahliae alone were found lower than the plants infected with both V. dahliae and Glomus species

SYNTHESIS AND DOCKING STUDIES OF 2-(NITROOXY)-ETHYL-2-(SUBSTITUTED-2,5-DIPHENYL-OXAZOLE)-ACETATE AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS WITH ANALGESIC AND NITRIC OXIDE RELEASING PROPERTIES

Objective: The objective of the reported study was to develop new chemical entities as potential anti-inflammatory agents with analgesic and nitric oxide releasing properties.Methods: The compounds were designed with the help of docking studies. In the synthetic study the target compounds were obtained by reacting 2-(substituted-2,5-diphenyl-oxazole)-acetic acid (2a-2v) with nitro-oxy ethyl bromide in the presence of dimethyl formamide and potassium carbonate to give 2-(nitrooxy) ethyl 2-(substituted-2,5-diphenyl-oxazole) acetate derivatives (3a-3v). The synthesized derivatives were characterized with the help of different analytical techniques and further evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and nitric oxide releasing activity.Results: With the help of docking study it was proven that compounds 3a, 3c, 3g, 3l and 3r showed significant G-score. In the anti-inflammatory and analgesic study also, compounds 3a, 3c, 3g, 3l and 3r exhibited promising activity. All the synthesized compounds exhibited significant nitric oxide releasing properties both in-vitro and in-vivo. Conclusion: Compounds 3a, 3c, 3g, 3l and 3r exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Â

Review of Mooshika Visha (Rat Poison) : Ayurvedic Concept

Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine having eight important branches. Agada Tantra is one of them which deals with Visha (poison) its manifestation and its treatment. In Ayurvedic texts Mooshika Visha is described well. There are eighteen types of Mooshika, signs and symptoms of their bite and its treatment is described by Sushrutaacharya and Vaagbhataacharya. There are five modes of spread of Mooshika (rat) poison. Semen, faeces, urine, scratches by nails and bites with teeth of Mooshika are poisonous. In case of Mooshika bite, bite site should be cauterized and blood letting should be done. After this various drugs paste should be applied on bite site. Various putrifictory therapies should be given e.g. Vamana (Vomiting), Virechana (Purgation), Nasya (Nasal medication), anjana (Collyrium) etc. Various drug preparations like medicated ghee, decoctions, paste of drugs, juice of drugs are described. Ayurvedic treatment of Mooshika poisoning can be given in all diseases where source of infection is rat

The lethal effect of dimethoate on heart beat rate of female crab Brytelphusa guerini.

The circulatory system is communicating organ system as it communicates with various systems of the body. It ensures proper distribution of the oxygen and nutrients apart from collection of metabolic waste and delivery to excretory organs like kidney. The circulatory body fluids transport various chemical substances necessary for metabolic continuity like hormones etc. The system of structures, consisting of the heart, blood vessels and blood is named as circulatory system. In these animals the system of cavities should be considered as a haemocoel and the blood which fulfils the characters of a circulatory fluid and those of inertial lymph should be caused haemolymph. The pigment haemocyanin is found in the blood of most crustaceans hence it has light blue color. The experimental animals collected from paddy field. The toxic effect of dimethoate resulted to disturb the regular working of heart. In this paper study about the heart rate of female crab. Barytelphusa guerini shows variations from 24 hr; 48 hr; 72 hr and 96 hours. The results are comparatively discussed with using graph and table

The evaluation of toxic effect (LC 50) of endosulfan on female crab Brytelphusa guerini.

Man with extraordinary intellectual capability conquered the age; old traditional world by establishing modern technological world to cater the needs of all the human beings. As the most intelligent man acquired supremacy and mastery over each and every object on the earth and mode them to keep under his control. The paper deals with the organochlorine pesticide which is regularly used in agricultural purpose interact directly or indirectly with the biosphere spoils the biota flora and the fauna. The endosulfan toxicity calculated by LC 50 and effect of death rate found on the fresh water crab species Barytelphusa guerini. The paper details with mortality rate of experimental animals 50% at each 24 hours. It is calculated by statically and presented by graphically and tabulated by tables.&nbsp

Behavioral study of female crab Brytelphusa guerini under acute stress of dimethoate.

Behaviour includes all those process by which an animal senses the external world and internal state of its body, and responds to changes which it perceives. Many of such processes will take place inside the nervous system and may not be directly observed but reflected through the behaviour of the animal. When an organism is exposed to any toxic agent, some changes occur in the behaviour which can be observed externally. These behavioral changes may be co-related to they changes occurring in the nervous system, as different behavioural responses are sub-served wholly or partly be the different neural circuits which are distributed in the nervous system. Earlier reports revealed that there is a strong correlation between physiological activities, metabolic changes and behaviour of animals. The paper deals with toxic effect of dimethoate on fresh water female crab Barytelphusa guerini and its behavioural study. The experimental animal shows various activities which is recorded and discussed.  &nbsp

The effect of endosulfan on behavioral activity on fresh water female crab Brytelphusa guerini.

Behavior includes all those process by which an animal senses the external world and internal state of its body, and responds to changes which it perceives. Many of such processes will take place inside the nervous system and may not be directly observed but reflected through the behavior of the animal. When a toxic compound is administered, some changes occur from the normal behavior, and they can be observed externally. These behavioral changes would be caused by the changes in the nervous system caused directly or through metabolic or physiological activities. The paper deals with toxic effect of endosulfan on fresh water female crab Barytelphusa guerini and its behavioral study. The experimental animal shows various activities which is recorded and discussed.  &nbsp

Molecular marker analysis to differentiate a clonal selection of Centennial Seedless grapevine

Microsatellite and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to differentiate Manjari Naveen, a clonal selection of Centennial Seedless variety of grape. Twenty one (21) microsatellite primers could not detect variation between parent variety and its clone. AFLP analysis with 40 primer combinations generated 1093 markers. Three AFLP markers were polymorphic; two markers were present only in Centennial Seedless, whereas one was present only in Manjari Naveen. These markers will be useful for establishing genetic identity, variety registration and protection of breeder’s right.Keywords: Vitis vinifera, AFLP, microsatellites, clonal selectionAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(14), pp. 1594-159