202 research outputs found
<Reports on the Sixteenth annual Meeting of the Tsukuba English Linguisic Society> Downstep in Japanese : Syntatic vs. Semantic Approach
It has been argued that the effect of downstep differently appears depending on the syntactic structure (Kubozono 1989, 1992 and Azuma 1992a, 1992b) or on the semantic information (Koori 1992a, 1992b) ..
Heme oxygenase-1 induction in the brain during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation
Delirium occurs in 23% of sepsis patients, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide are suggested to be involved. However, in animal experiments, even a subseptic dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induces both pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain, suggesting that the brain oxidative reaction can be induced in the subseptic condition. Then, we evaluated the changes of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a sensitive oxidative marker, as well as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and inductible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of rats using real-time PCR after peripheral injection of LPS (2.0 mg/kg). As a result, these four kinds of mRNAs were induced significantly in both areas after LPS injection. These results suggest that peripheral inflammation induces an oxidative reaction in the brain, even if the inflammation is not lethal. It is also considered that several pathways are involved in brain HO-1 induction
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Changes in the Nutrient Values of Sardines and Pink Salmon after High-pressure-high-temperature Processing
ãTo promote daily fish and shellfish consumption in schools, hospitals, and care facilities, as well as ordinary households, we analyzed the nutritional components of sardines and pink salmon processed by the high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) method.ãWe performed the nutrition analysis, adopting the methods used to create the [Food Composition Tables (Seventh Revised Edition)]. On comparing the nutrient values of HPHTprocessed sardines and pink salmon with those of raw/water-boiled/water-boiled and cannedsardines1) and raw/water-boiled and canned pink salmons2) shown in the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan 2015 - (Seventh Revised Version), we obtained the following findings:ã1) The amount of proteins did not decrease after HPHT processing in either case. With the protein content accounting for approximately 20%, these products may be useful as convenient sources of proteins.ã2) Although HPHT-processed sardines and pink salmon are seasoned, they may contribute to salt reduction, as the amount of sodium was as low as about 0.2-0.5 g.ã3) Both HPHT-processed sardines and pink salmon had markedly higher iron and calcium contents than raw and water-boiled controls. Therefore, they may also contribute to the intake of calcium and iron, the 2 nutrients Japanese people tend to lack
Dicer and Hsp104 Function in a Negative Feedback Loop to Confer Robustness to Environmental Stress
SummaryEpigenetic mechanisms can be influenced by environmental cues and thus evoke phenotypic variation. This plasticity can be advantageous for adaptation but also detrimental if not tightly controlled. Although having attracted considerable interest, it remains largely unknown if and how environmental cues such as temperature trigger epigenetic alterations. Using fission yeast, we demonstrate that environmentally induced discontinuous phenotypic variation is buffered by a negative feedback loop that involves the RNase Dicer and the protein disaggregase Hsp104. In the absence of Hsp104, Dicer accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions and heterochromatin becomes unstable at elevated temperatures, an epigenetic state inherited for many cell divisions after the heat stress. Loss of Dicer leads to toxic aggregation of an exogenous prionogenic protein. Our results highlight the importance of feedback regulation in building epigenetic memory and uncover Hsp104 and Dicer as homeostatic controllers that buffer environmentally induced stochastic epigenetic variation and toxic aggregation of prionogenic proteins
Bridging the Gap: large animal models in neurodegenerative research
<p>RpoD holoenzyme-binding peaks were identified within a total of 177 type-A spacers. Some representative patterns of RpoD holoenzyme-peaks are shown, which are located between <i>leuL-leuO</i> (a), <i>csgD-csgB</i> (b), <i>nanC-fimB</i> (c), <i>lrhA-alaA</i> (d), <i>adhE-ychE</i> (e), <i>waaQ-waaA</i> (f), <i>mdoC-mdoG</i> (g) and <i>ulaG-ulaA</i> (h). Distribution of promoter -35 (indicated by orange arrows) and -10 (indicated by green arrows) signals is shown in the panel under each SELEX pattern.</p
Preventive Effects of Salacia reticulata on Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in TSOD Mice
The extracts of Salacia reticulata (Salacia extract), a plant that has been used for the treatment of early diabetes, rheumatism and gonorrhea in Ayurveda, have been shown to have an anti-obesity effect and suppress hyperglycemia. In this study, the effects of Salacia extract on various symptoms of metabolic disorder were investigated and compared using these TSOD mice and non-obese TSNO mice. Body weight, food intake, plasma biochemistry, visceral and subcutaneous fat (X-ray and CT), glucose tolerance, blood pressure and pain tolerance were measured, and histopathological examination of the liver was carried out. A significant dose-dependent decline in the gain in body weight, accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat and an improvement of abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy were noticed in TSOD mice. In addition, hepatocellular swelling, fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration and single-cell necrosis were observed on histopathological examination of the liver in TSOD mice. Salacia extract markedly improved these symptoms upon treatment. Based on the above results, it is concluded that Salacia extract has remarkable potential to prevent obesity and associated metabolic disorders including the development of metabolic syndrome
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