VR Technologies in Vocational Education

Раскрыты основные понятия виртуальной реальности и ее системы. Дана характеристика трекинговых систем, основных технических средств (гарнитур). Показано влияние технологии виртуальной реальности в различных сферах деятельности. Обучение в VR является трендом в современном мире, что оказало влияние на создание программ с использованием иммерсивной технологии в обучении. Указаны проблемы и риски в использовании VR-технологий, а также ее преимущества в профессиональном образовании.The basic concepts of virtual reality and its systems are revealed. The characteristics of tracking systems, basic technical means (headsets) are given. The influence of virtual reality technology in various fields of activity is shown. VR learning is a trend in the modern world, which has influenced the creation of programs using immersive technology in learning. The problems and risks in using VR technology in the vocational education, as well as its advantages, are indicated

Therapeutic complement targeting in ANCA-associated vasculitides and thrombotic microangiopathy

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are a group of systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by necrotizing inflammation of medium-to-small vessels, a relative paucity of immune deposits, and an association with detectable circulating ANCAs. AAVs include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (renamed from Wegener's granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Until recently, AAVs have not been viewed as complement-mediated disorders. However, recent findings predominantly from animal studies demonstrated a crucial role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of AAVs. Complement activation or defects in its regulation have been described in an increasing number of acquired or genetically driven forms of thrombotic microangiopathy. Coinciding with this expanding spectrum of complement-mediated diseases, the question arises as to which AAV patients might benefit from a complement-targeted therapy. Therapies directed against the complement system point to the necessity of a genetic workup of genes of complement components and regulators in patients with AAV. Genetic testing together with pluripotent stem cells and bioinformatics tools may broaden our approach to the treatment of patients with aggressive forms of AAV

Differential Form Valued Forms and Distributional Electromagnetic Sources

Properties of a fundamental double-form of bi-degree $(p,p)$ for $p\ge 0$ are reviewed in order to establish a distributional framework for analysing equations of the form $$\Delta \Phi + \lambda^2 \Phi = {\cal S}$$ where $\Delta$ is the Hodge-de Rham operator on $p-$forms $\Phi$ on ${\bf R}^3$. Particular attention is devoted to singular distributional solutions that arise when the source ${\cal S}$ is a singular $p-$form distribution. A constructive approach to Dirac distributions on (moving) submanifolds embedded in ${\bf R}^3$ is developed in terms of (Leray) forms generated by the geometry of the embedding. This framework offers a useful tool in electromagnetic modeling where the possibly time dependent sources of certain physical attributes, such as electric charge, electric current and polarization or magnetization, are concentrated on localized regions in space.Comment: 40 page

Laboratory workshop on instrumental specialties of physic-technological institute of UrFU. Part 2

The article discusses new laboratory works, included into the laboratory practical work on subjects related to microprocessor technique and the sensors, currently used on the instrumental specialties of physico-technological instituteВ статье обсуждается новые лабораторные работы, включенные в лабораторный практикум по дисциплинам, связанным с микропроцессорной техникой и первичными датчиками, использующимися в настоящее время на приборостроительных специальностях физико-технологического институт

On The Universality Class Of Little String Theories

We propose that Little String Theories in six dimensions are quasilocal quantum field theories. Such field theories obey a modification of Wightman axioms which allows Wightman functions (i.e. vacuum expectation values of products of fundamental fields) to grow exponentially in momentum space. Wightman functions of quasilocal fields in x-space violate microlocality at short distances. With additional assumptions about the ultraviolet behavior of quasilocal fields, one can define approximately local observables associated to big enough compact regions. The minimum size of such a region can be interpreted as the minimum distance which observables can probe. We argue that for Little String Theories this distance is of order {\sqrt N}/M_s.Comment: 25 pages, late

A recipe for postfledging survival in great tits Parus major: be large and be early (but not too much)

Survival of juveniles during the postfledging period can be markedly low, which may have major consequences on avian population dynamics. Knowing which factors operating during the nesting phase affect postfledging survival is crucial to understand avian breeding strategies. We aimed to obtain a robust set of predictors of postfledging local survival using the great tit (Parus major) as a model species. We used mark–recapture models to analyze the effect of hatching date, temperatures experienced during the nestling period, fledging size and body mass on first-year postfledging survival probability of great tit juveniles. We used data from 5192 nestlings of first clutches ringed between 1993 and 2010. Mean first-year postfledging survival probability was 15.2%, and it was lower for smaller individuals, as well as for those born in either very early or late broods. Our results stress the importance of choosing an optimum hatching period, and raising large chicks to increase first-year local survival probability in the studied population.Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (Grant/Award Number: ‘CGL2013-48001-C2-1-P’)Peer reviewe

Сущность криптовалют: дескриптивный и сравнительный анализ

The aim of the article is to systematize the views on the concept of cryptocurrency from the literature and among international and national organizations and regulators, to analyze its economic essence and the place in the modern monetary and financial system. The definition and the functions of cryptocurrency are discussed in the framework of descriptive and theoretical analysis. The paper systematized the existing approaches to the concept analysis of cryptocurrency; the place of cryptocurrency in modern economic theory is shown.The article concludes that cryptocurrencies are often determined through the set of basic characteristics. Cryptocurrencies are not money, though they can perform the main function of money — to be a means of payment; they can be a means of making settlements, assets, platforms for concluding smart contracts, a means for crowdfunding. They are not private money in Hayek’s interpretation. Cryptocurrencies can be described in the framework of the models of new monetarism (payment economics).Цель статьи — систематизация существующих в литературе и у международных и национальных организаций регуляторов взглядов на понятие криптовалюты, анализ ее экономической сущности и места в современной денежнофинансовой системе. В  рамках дескриптивного и теоретического анализа обсуждаются определения и  функции криптовалюты. Дана систематизация существующих в литературе подходов к анализу понятия криптовалюты, показано место криптовалюты в современной экономической теории. В рамках сравнительного анализа проведено сопоставление криптовалют между собой, а также с деньгами и платежными системами. В результате исследования сделаны следующие выводы: криптовалюты зачастую определяются через набор базовых характеристик, которым они удовлетворяют; не являются деньгами, при этом могут выполнять основную функцию денег — быть средством платежа; могут быть по своей сути средством осуществления расчетов, активами, платформами для заключения смарт-контрактов, средством для краудфандинга; не являются частными деньгами в трактовке Хайека; могут быть описаны в рамках моделей нового монетаризма (экономики платежей)

Предикторы неблагоприятного течения сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса левого желудочка у больных с синдромом обструктивного апноэ во сне

 Aim. To study the relationship of obstructive respiratory disorders during sleep with subclinical development of right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, as well as with the risk of an adverse course of chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Materials and methods. The study included 86 men with moderate and severe forms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (with an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) > 15 per hour). All patients had abdominal obesity and hypertension. Upon inclusion in the study, all patients underwent polysomnography and echocardiography according to the  standard protocol with an additional assessment of the fractional area  change in the right ventricular myocardium (ΔSRV) and the right ventricular  stroke work index (RVSWI). Also, the content of the N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) in the blood serum was  determined by enzyme immunoassay analysis. A six-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed after inclusion in the study and after 12 months of  follow-up. Depending on the course of CHF during the follow-up,  retrospectively, the patients were divided into 2 groups: with an unfavorable (n = 33) and favorable (n = 53) prognosis.Results. A significant relationship between AHI and ΔSRV, RVSWI, NT-proBNP, and 6MWT was revealed. Based on the results of one-way correlation analysis, it was found that ΔSRV (odds ratio (OR) 2.51; 95%  confidence interval (CI) 2.42–3.24; p = 0.0009), NT-proBNP (OR 1.92; 95% CI  1.32–2.78; p = 0.003), and AHI (OR 3.93; 95% CI 2.87–4.11; p = 0.018) were predictors of an adverse course of CHF. In a multivariate analysis, it was found that AHI was an independent predictor of an adverse course of CHF (OR 3.49; 95% CI 2.17–11.73; p = 0.0008), while the addition of NT-proBNP improved risk stratification of an adverse course of CHF (OR 4.66; 95% CI 3.87–13.11; p < 0.0001).Conclusion. The fractional area change in the right ventricular myocardium (ΔSRV) can be considered as a non-invasive marker for determining the  emerging right ventricular dysfunction and predicting adverse cardiovascular events in patients with preserved LVEF and OSAS. Moreover, the combined use of echocardiographic (ΔSRV) and laboratory (NT-proBNP) markers can improve risk stratification of CHF progression.   Цель. Изучить взаимосвязь обструктивных нарушений дыхания во сне с развитием дисфункции правого желудочка (ПЖ) и легочной гипертензии, а также с риском  неблагоприятного течения хронической сердечной  недостаточности (ХСН) с сохраненной фракцией выброса  левого желудочка (ФВ ЛЖ). Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 86  мужчин со среднетяжелой и тяжелой формами синдрома  обструктивного апноэ во сне (СОАС) (с индексом апноэ/ гипопноэ (ИАГ) более 15 в час). Все пациенты имели  абдоминальное ожирение и артериальную гипертензию.  При включении в исследование всем больным выполнено полисомнографическое исследование, а также  эхокардиография по стандартному протоколу с  дополнительной оценкой фракционного изменения  площади и индекса работы миокарда правого желудочка (ΔSПЖ и ИРМПЖ), определено содержание  предшественника мозгового натрийуретического пептида (NT-proBNP) в сыворотке крови методом  иммуноферментного анализа. Тест 6-минутной ходьбы (ТШХ) выполняли после включения в исследование и через  12 мес наблюдения. В зависимости от характера течения  ХСН за период наблюдения, ретроспективно, пациенты  были разделены на две группы: с неблагоприятным (n = 33) и благоприятным (n = 53) прогнозом.Результаты. Выявлена значимая взаимосвязь между ИАГ и  ΔSПЖ, ИРМПЖ, ТШХ, уровнем NT-proBNP. На основании результатов однофакторного корреляционного анализа  установлено, что ΔSПЖ (отношение шансов (ОШ) 2,51; 95%-й доверительный интервал (ДИ) 2,42–3,24; p = 0,0009), NT- proBNP 1,92; 95%-й ДИ 1,32–2,78; p = 0,003), ИАГ (ОШ 3,93; 95%-й ДИ 2,87–4,11; p = 0,018) были предикторами  неблагоприятного течения ХСН. При проведении  многофакторного анализа установлено, что независимым  предиктором неблагоприятного течения ХСН являлся ИАГ (ОШ 3,49; 95%-й ДИ 2,17–11,73; р = 0,0008), при этом  добавление NT-proBNP улучшало стратификацию риска  неблагоприятного течения ХСН (ОШ 4,66; 95%-й ДИ 3,87–13,11; р < 0,0001).Заключение. Фракционное изменение площади ПЖ ΔSПЖ  можно рассматривать в качестве неинвазивного маркера  для определения формирующейся правожелудочковой  дисфункции и прогнозирования неблагоприятных  сердечно-сосудистых событий у больных с сохраненной ФВ  ЛЖ и СОАС. При этом комбинированное использование  эхокардиографического (ΔSПЖ) и лабораторного (NT- proBNP) маркеров позволяет улучшить стратификацию риска прогрессирования ХСН.

Field induced single ion magnet based on a quasi octahedral Co ii complex with mixed sulfur oxygen coordination environment

Synthesis and characterization of structure and magnetic properties of the quasi octahedral complex pipH2 [Co TDA 2] 2H2O I , pipH22 piperazine dication, TDA2 amp; 8722; thiodiacetic anion are described. X ray diffraction studies reveal the first coordination sphere of the Co II ion, consisting of two chelating tridentate TDA ligands with a mixed sulfur oxygen strongly elongated octahedral coordination environment. SQUID magnetometry, frequency domain Fourier transform FD FT THz EPR spectroscopy, and high level ab initio SA CASSCF NEVPT2 quantum chemical calculations reveal a strong easy plane type magnetic anisotropy D amp; 8776; 54 cm amp; 8722;1 of complex I. The complex shows field induced slow relaxation of magnetization at an applied DC field of 1000 O

Cyclic voles and shrews and non-cyclic mice in a marginal grassland within European temperate forest

Cyclic population dynamics of small mammals are not restricted to the boreal and arctic zones of Eurasia and North America, but long-term data series from lower latitudes are still less common. We demonstrated here the presence of periodic oscillations in small mammal populations in eastern Poland using 22-year (1986–2007) trapping data from marginal meadow and river valley grasslands located in the extensive temperate woodland of Białowieża Primeval Forest. The two most common species inhabiting meadows and river valleys, root vole Microtus oeconomus and common shrew Sorex araneus, exhibited synchronous periodic changes, characterised by a 3-year time lag as indicated by an autocorrelation function. Moreover, the cycles of these two species were synchronous within both habitats. Population dynamics of the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius was not cyclic. However, this species regularly reached maximum density 1 year before the synchronized peak of root voles and common shrews, which may suggest the existence of interspecific competition. Dynamics of all three species was dominated by direct density-dependent process, whereas delayed density dependent feedback was significant only in the root vole and common shrew. Climatic factors acting in winter and spring (affecting mainly survival and initial reproduction rates) were more important than those acting in summer and autumn and affected significantly only the common shrew. High temperatures in winter and spring had positive effects on autumn-to-autumn changes in abundance of this species, whereas deep snow in combination with high rainfall in spring negatively affected population increase rates in common shrew