Cascaded 3D Full-body Pose Regression from Single Depth Image at 100 FPS

There are increasing real-time live applications in virtual reality, where it plays an important role in capturing and retargetting 3D human pose. But it is still challenging to estimate accurate 3D pose from consumer imaging devices such as depth camera. This paper presents a novel cascaded 3D full-body pose regression method to estimate accurate pose from a single depth image at 100 fps. The key idea is to train cascaded regressors based on Gradient Boosting algorithm from pre-recorded human motion capture database. By incorporating hierarchical kinematics model of human pose into the learning procedure, we can directly estimate accurate 3D joint angles instead of joint positions. The biggest advantage of this model is that the bone length can be preserved during the whole 3D pose estimation procedure, which leads to more effective features and higher pose estimation accuracy. Our method can be used as an initialization procedure when combining with tracking methods. We demonstrate the power of our method on a wide range of synthesized human motion data from CMU mocap database, Human3.6M dataset and real human movements data captured in real time. In our comparison against previous 3D pose estimation methods and commercial system such as Kinect 2017, we achieve the state-of-the-art accuracy

Structural determination and gynecological tumor diagnosis using antibody chip captured proteins

Purpose: To identify markers for gynecological tumor diagnosis using antibody chip capture.Methods: Marker proteins, including cancer antigen 153 (CA153), CA125, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were analyzed using antibody chip capture of serum samples. Fifteen agglutinin types that specifically recognized five common glycans (fucose, sialic acid, mannose, N - acetylgalactosamine, and  N-acetylglucosamine) were used to detect marker protein glycan levels. The levels of CA153, CA125, and CEA from 49 healthy control samples, 31 breast cancer samples, 24 cervical cancer samples, and 19 ovarian cancer samples were used to measure the glycan levels of these marker proteins.Results: In breast cancer samples, CA153 and CA125 were down-regulated (p < 0.01), while differences in ovarian cancer samples were not statistically significant (p > 0.01). The total accuracy was 85.1 %, with 96.8 % accuracy for breast cancer, 75 % in cervical cancer, and 78.9 % in ovarian cancer. Cross-validation analyses showed that breast cancer had 93.5 % accuracy, cervical cancer was 66.7 %, and ovarian cancer was 68.4 %, leading to 78.4 % total accuracy (58/74).Conclusions: The results indicate that better clinical diagnosis of gynecological tumors can be obtained by monitoring changes in glycan levels of serum proteins and types of proteoglycan changes.Keywords: Microarray technology, Proteoglycan, Gynecological tumor, Serum  marker, Cancer antigen, Agglutinin

A sharp Sobolev trace inequality of order four on three-balls

We establish a fourth order sharp Sobolev trace inequality on three-balls, and its equivalence to a third order sharp Sobolev inequality on two-spheres.Comment: 29 pages. Comments are welcome

MRF-PINN: A Multi-Receptive-Field convolutional physics-informed neural network for solving partial differential equations

Compared with conventional numerical approaches to solving partial differential equations (PDEs), physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have manifested the capability to save development effort and computational cost, especially in scenarios of reconstructing the physics field and solving the inverse problem. Considering the advantages of parameter sharing, spatial feature extraction and low inference cost, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are increasingly used in PINN. However, some challenges still remain as follows. To adapt convolutional PINN to solve different PDEs, considerable effort is usually needed for tuning critical hyperparameters. Furthermore, the effects of the finite difference accuracy, and the mesh resolution on the predictivity of convolutional PINN are not settled. To fill the gaps above, we propose three initiatives in this paper: (1) A Multi-Receptive-Field PINN (MRF-PINN) model is established to solve different types of PDEs on various mesh resolutions without manual tuning; (2) The dimensional balance method is used to estimate the loss weights when solving Navier-Stokes equations; (3) The Taylor polynomial is used to pad the virtual nodes near the boundaries for implementing high-order finite difference. The proposed MRF-PINN is tested for solving three typical linear PDEs (elliptic, parabolic, hyperbolic) and a series of nonlinear PDEs (Navier-Stokes PDEs) to demonstrate its generality and superiority. This paper shows that MRF-PINN can adapt to completely different equation types and mesh resolutions without any hyperparameter tuning. The dimensional balance method saves computational time and improves the convergence for solving Navier-Stokes PDEs. Further, the solving error is significantly decreased under high-order finite difference, large channel number, and high mesh resolution, which is expected to be a general convolutional PINN scheme

Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering-Induced the Formation of Amorphous CuN Films Embedded Nanocrystalline WC Phase

A novel amorphous CuN/nanocrystal WC (nc-WC/a-CuN) film synthesized by reactive dc magnetron sputtering is reported in this paper. The nc-WC/a-CuN42 at.% film which is composed of many WC dendrite crystals of 5~10 nm with (001) orientation embedded in amorphous CuN possesses ~55 GPa hardness. The high-temperature wear analysis shows that this novel film possesses the comparable excellent friction performance with DLC film which is attributed to self-lubricant function of a-CuN; simultaneously the film was still maintaining the higher hardness at elevated temperature

Constrained Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality and a uniqueness criterion for the mean field equation

We establish Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequalities under constraint of a deviation of the second order moments from $0$, which serves as an intermediate one between Chang-Hang's inequalities under first and second order moments constraints. A threshold for the deviation is a uniqueness criterion for the mean field equation $$-a\Delta_{\mathbb{S}^2}u+1=e^{2u} \quad \mathrm{~~on~~} \quad \mathbb{S}^2$$ when the constant $a$ is close to $\frac{1}{2}$.Comment: 22 page

Numerical convergence of pre-initial conditions on dark matter halo properties

Generating pre-initial conditions (or particle loads) is the very first step to set up a cosmological N-body simulation. In this work, we revisit the numerical convergence of pre-initial conditions on dark matter halo properties using a set of simulations which only differs in initial particle loads, i.e. grid, glass, and the newly introduced capacity constrained Voronoi tessellation (CCVT). We find that the median halo properties agree fairly well (i.e. within a convergence level of a few per cent) among simulations running from different initial loads. We also notice that for some individual haloes cross-matched among different simulations, the relative difference of their properties sometimes can be several tens of per cent. By looking at the evolution history of these poorly converged haloes, we find that they are usually merging haloes or haloes have experienced recent merger events, and their merging processes in different simulations are out-of-sync, making the convergence of halo properties become poor temporarily. We show that, comparing to the simulation starting with an anisotropic grid load, the simulation with an isotropic CCVT load converges slightly better to the simulation with a glass load, which is also isotropic. Among simulations with different pre-initial conditions, haloes in higher density environments tend to have their properties converged slightly better. Our results confirm that CCVT loads behave as well as the widely used grid and glass loads at small scales, and for the first time we quantify the convergence of two independent isotropic particle loads (i.e. glass and CCVT) on halo properties.Peer reviewe