Development and validation of microsatellite markers in a protandrous fish species Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804) through cross-species amplification

The four fingered threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804) is a prioritised species for mariculture in India. Their demand in the domestic markets is rapidly growing. Genetic stock structure analysis of fish populations is an important aspect from fisheries management perspective. The present study was conducted to develop microsatellite primers through cross-priming to elucidate the genetic structure of E. tetradactylum. A total of 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from the resource species, Pacific salmon Polydactylus sexfilis. The observed mean and the effective number of alleles were found to be 11.962 and 6.927 respectively. The mean of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values obtained were 0.784 and 0.798 respectively. These new microsatellite markers can be used as effective tools for studying genetic disparity as well as for elucidating evolutionary relationships among E. tetradactylum populations

Identification of microsatellite loci, gene ontology and functional gene annotations in Indian salmon (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) through nextgeneration sequencing technology using illumina platform

Whole genome sequencing was performed on three samples of four finger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum (KET25, KET29 and KET30) using illumina NextSeq500 platform using 2×150 bp chemistry. 8,390,317, 7,085,775 and 8,461,589 high quality reads were obtained after trimming low quality reads and adapter sequence. These high quality reads obtained were used for de novo assembly and obtained a number of scaffolds. From these scaffolds of vast sequenced data, we were able to identify 60246, 46107 and 60907 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers in KET25, KET29 and KET30 respectively, which will be useful in population genetic analysis and other diversity studies in Indian salmon. The gene prediction on assembled scaffolds predicted 31,943 genes for KET25; 26,487 genes for KET29 and 31,654 genes for KET30 with average gene size of 458bp, 424bp and 459bp respectively. A total of 30,209, 25,107 and 29,943 genes were annotated against the NCBI Nr database for the samples respectively. E. tetradactylum is a commercially important fish species for many countries. This is the first report on the identification of genomic SSR markers in E. tetradactylum using NGS technology. This study provides an insight of baseline knowledge of the genome sequence of Indian salmon for future studies

A multimedia courseware for human heart anatomical and functional illustration

Advances in computer science have provided unique opportunities to apply Interactive Multimedia (IMM) courseware to a wide variety of medical and health care functions. Courseware can be called an easy to learn, teachable and course materials which is an important in Information Communication Technology world today. It helps the learners/students to improve their knowledge, skills and creativity. One area which holds the high ability for using computer systems is medical and health science education. This paper describes the design of an IMM courseware for learning about Human Heart. It proposes a Human Heart Anatomical and Functional Illustration (HHAFI) courseware for students, health officials and everyone interested in having a healthy heart. The HHAFI courseware is implemented by Toolbook Instructor and presented on Windows platform. The courseware includes an introduction that describes the heart and recall such as mechanisms of the heart, heart diseases, healthy tips and living a healthy lifestyle. The HHAFI courseware is tested with the student to identify the improvement in their knowledge and measure the level of interest in the topic. The HHAFI courseware provides learning and interactive training functions for interested individuals

Analisis perencanaan pembangunan listrik energi terbarukan di Gunung Kidul

INDONESIA Pembangunan PLTH di Indonesia membutuhkan perencanaan dan perhitungan yang tepat sehingga diharapkan dapat membangun pembangkit listrik hibrid menggunakan energi terbarukan yang sesuai seperti yang diharapkan. Salah satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam proses pembangunan pembangkit listrik adalah keadaan topografi suatu wilayah, misalnya kecepatan angin dan intensitas penyinaran matahari. Lokasi yang dipilih pada penelitian ini adalah Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Salah satu alasannya karena kondisi alam di daerah tersebut sangat berpotensi menghasilkan energi, terutama energi panas matahari dan energi tenaga angin. Setelah ditemukan lokasi yang tepat untuk penerapan PLTH, dilakukan analisis beban dan energi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem pembangkit. Analisis tersebut disimulasikan menggunakan software HOMER yang outputnya berupa analisis kelistrikan, arus keuangan (cash flow), emisi serta kelayakan investasi. Energi yang dihasilkan pembangkit digunakan untuk distribusi air, kelistrikan rumah tangga serta penerangan jalan. Total beban yang harus dipenuhi yaitu sebesar 157,36 kWh dalam sehari pemakaian atau 4.720,86 kWH dalam sebulan. Dari hasil simulasi HOMER, pembangkit listrik yang direkomendasikan yaitu 40 kW PV, 5 kincir angin 50 kW, 240 buah baterai 12 VDC serta inverter 400 kW. Dari kedua pembangkit listrik tersebut dihasilkan energi sebesar 77.494 kWh/tahun yang didapat dari PV yang menghasilkan energi sebesar 56.570 kWh/tahun dan tenaga angin yang menghasilkan 20.924 kWh/tahun. Dari output sebesar itu, diperoleh harga per-kWh energi (Cost of Energy) sebesar $0,152/kWh. Sistem pembangkit akan mencapai BEP pada tahun ke-14 setelah sistem berjalan dan setelah tahun ke-15, keuntungan pertahunnya sebesar Rp. 73.645.416. ENGLISH Development of hybrid power plant in Indonesia needs proper planning and specific calculation, so that expected to build a hybrid power plant using renewable energy that is appropriate as expected. One factor that needs to be considered in the process of power plant construction is the topography of the area, such as wind speed and intensity of solar radiation. The location in the research is at Gunung Kidul regency, Yogyakarta. The natural conditions in these area are very potential to produce energy, especially solar thermal and wind energy. After found the location for the application PLTH, next step is analyzes the load and energy produced by the plant system. The analysis simulated by HOMER software with the output is analysis results is electricity, cash flow, emission and investment feasibility. The energy used for irrigation, household electricity and public lighting. The load’s system need to fulfilled is 157.36 kWh a day or 4720.86 kWh in a month. As the result of HOMER simulation, power plants recommended 40 kW PV, 5 wind systems with 50 kW power, 240 pieces of batteries 12 VDC and 400 kW inverter. From both systems, the plant produced total energy 77.494 kWh/year obtained from PV’s production by 56 570 kWh /year and wind’s production is 20.924 kWh / year. Cost of Energy is$ 0.152 / kWh. Renewable energy hybrid system will reach BEP in the 14th year after the system was running and after 15th year profit reach about IDR 73,645,416 annually

Discrete wavelet transform: a tool in smoothing kinematic data

Motion analysis systems typically introduce noise to the displacement data recorded. Butterworth digital filters have been used to smooth the displacement data in order to obtain smoothed velocities and accelerations. However, this technique does not yield satisfactory results, especially when dealing with complex kinematic motions that occupy the low- and high-frequency bands. The use of the discrete wavelet transform, as an alternative to digital filters, is presented in this paper. The transform passes the original signal through two complementary low- and high-pass FIR filters and decomposes the signal into an approximation function and a detail function. Further decomposition of the signal results in transforming the signal into a hierarchy set of orthogonal approximation and detail functions. A reverse process is employed to perfectly reconstruct the signal (inverse transform) back from its approximation and detail functions. The discrete wavelet transform was applied to the displacement data recorded by Pezzack et al., 1977. The smoothed displacement data were twice differentiated and compared to Pezzack et al.’s acceleration data in order to choose the most appropriate filter coefficients and decomposition level on the basis of maximizing the percentage of retained energy (PRE) and minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE). Daubechies wavelet of the fourth order (Db4) at the second decomposition level showed better results than both the biorthogonal and Coiflet wavelets (PRE=97.5%, RMSE=4.7 rad s -2). The Db4 wavelet was then used to compress complex displacement data obtained from a noisy mathematically generated function. Results clearly indicate superiority of this new smoothing approach over traditional filters

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Not AvailableWhole genome sequencing was performed on three samples of four finger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum (KET25, KET29 and KET30) using illumina NextSeq500 platform using 2×150 bp chemistry. 8,390,317, 7,085,775 and 8,461,589 high quality reads were obtained after trimming low quality reads and adapter sequence. These high quality reads obtained were used for de novo assembly and obtained a number of scaffolds. From these scaffolds of vast sequenced data, we were able to identify 60246, 46107 and 60907 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers in KET25, KET29 and KET30 respectively, which will be useful in population genetic analysis and other diversity studies in Indian salmon. The gene prediction on assembled scaffolds predicted 31,943 genes for KET25; 26,487 genes for KET29 and 31,654 genes for KET30 with average gene size of 458bp, 424bp and 459bp respectively. A total of 30,209, 25,107 and 29,943 genes were annotated against the NCBI Nr database for the samples respectively. E. tetradactylum is a commercially important fish species for many countries. This is the first report on the identification of genomic SSR markers in E. tetradactylum using NGS technology. This study provides an insight of baseline knowledge of the genome sequence of Indian salmon for future studies.Not Availabl

Insight into the Threadfin (Perciformes: Polynemidae) Diversity of Indian Waters using Mitochondrial COI Signatures

Threadfns (Perciformes: Polynemidae) are commercially important, highly prized table fshes in India. In this study, we analysed the mitochondrial COI gene for validating species identifcation and phylogeny of threadfns occurring in Indian waters. Consequently, we developed barcodes for ten polynemids belonging to the genera Polydactylus, Eleutheronema, Leptomelanosoma, Filimanus and Polynemus. The K2P distance within the polynemid species in Indian waters ranged from zero to 0.8%. Nucleotide composition was estimated as adenine (A)=22.5%, thymine (T)=28.7%, cytosine (C)=29.7% and guanine (G)=19.1%. The average transitional pairs (75.8) were more frequent than the average transversional pairs (24.2) with an estimated Transition/Transversion bias (R) of 3.33. Cryptic species were observed in Polydactylus and Eleutheronema indicating the need for detailed studies on the taxonomy of polynemids globally. The present study determines the utility of DNA barcodes in species identifcation in polynemids