Simulation and Projection of Monso on Rainfall and Rain Patterns over Eastern China under Global Warming by RegCM3

AbstractThe authors investigate possible changes of monsoon rainfall and associated seasonal (June-July-August) anomaly patterns over eastern China in the late 21st century under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 emission scenario as simulated by a high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM3) nested in a general circulation model (FvGCM/CCM3). Two sets of multi-decadal simulations are performed at 20-km grid spacing for present day and future climate conditions. Results show that the RegCM3 reproduces the mean rain-fall distribution; however the evolution of the monsoon rain belt from South China to North China is not well simulated. Concerning the rain pattern classifications, RegCM3 overestimates the occurrence of Pattern 1 (excessive rainfall in northern China) and underestimates that of Pattern 2 (increased rainfall over the Huai River basin). Under future climate conditions, RegCM3 projects less occurrence of Pattern 1, more of Patt..

Climate change in China in the 21st century as simulated by a high resolution regional climate model

Climate change in the 21st century over China is simulated using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3). The model is one-way nested within the global model CCSR/NIES/FRCGC MIROC3.2_hires (Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies/Frontier Research Center for Global Change/Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). A 150-year (1951–2100) transient simulation is conducted at 25 km grid spacing, under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) A1B scenario. Simulations of present climate conditions in China by RegCM3 are compared against observations to assess model performance. Results show that RegCM3 reproduces the observed spatial structure of surface air temperature and precipitation well. Changes in mean temperature and precipitation in December–January–February (DJF) and June–July–August (JJA) during the middle and end of the 21st century are analyzed. Significant future warming is simulated by RegCM3. This warming becomes greater with time, and increased warming is simulated at high latitude and high altitude (Tibetan Plateau) areas. In the middle of the 21st century in DJF, a general increase of precipitation is found in most areas, except over the Tibetan Plateau. Precipitation changes in JJA show an increase over northwest China and a decrease over the Tibetan Plateau. There is a mixture of positive and negative changes in eastern China. The change pattern at the end of the century is generally consistent with that in mid century, except in some small areas, and the magnitude of change is usually larger. In addition, the simulation is compared with a previous simulation of the RegCM3 driven by a different global model, to address uncertainties of the projected climate change in China

Measuring the X-ray luminosities of DESI groups from eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey: I. X-ray luminosity - halo mass scaling relation

We use the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) to measure the rest-frame 0.1-2.4 keV band X-ray luminosities of $\sim$ 600,000 DESI groups using two different algorithms in the overlap region of the two observations. These groups span a large redshift range of $0.0 \le z_g \le 1.0$ and group mass range of $10^{10.76}h^{-1}M_{\odot} \le M_h \le 10^{15.0}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$. (1) Using the blind detection pipeline of eFEDS, we find that 10932 X-ray emission peaks can be cross matched with our groups, $\sim 38 \%$ of which have signal-to-noise ratio $\rm{S}/\rm{N} \geq 3$ in X-ray detection. Comparing to the numbers reported in previous studies, this matched sample size is a factor of $\sim 6$ larger. (2) By stacking X-ray maps around groups with similar masses and redshifts, we measure the average X-ray luminosity of groups as a function of halo mass in five redshift bins. We find, in a wide halo mass range, the X-ray luminosity, $L_{\rm X}$, is roughly linearly proportional to $M_{h}$, and is quite independent to the redshift of the groups. (3) We use a Poisson distribution to model the X-ray luminosities obtained using two different algorithms and obtain best-fit $L_{\rm X}=10^{28.46\pm0.03}M_{h}^{1.024\pm0.002}$ and $L_{\rm X}=10^{26.73 \pm 0.04}M_{h}^{1.140 \pm 0.003}$ scaling relations, respectively. The best-fit slopes are flatter than the results previously obtained, but closer to a self-similar prediction.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Higher Hydroclimatic Intensity with Global Warming

Abstract Because of their dependence on water, natural and human systems are highly sensitive to changes in the hydrologic cycle. The authors introduce a new measure of hydroclimatic intensity (HY-INT), which integrates metrics of precipitation intensity and dry spell length, viewing the response of these two metrics to global warming as deeply interconnected. Using a suite of global and regional climate model experiments, it is found that increasing HY-INT is a consistent and ubiquitous signature of twenty-first-century, greenhouse gas–induced global warming. Depending on the region, the increase in HY-INT is due to an increase in precipitation intensity, dry spell length, or both. Late twentieth-century observations also exhibit dominant positive HY-INT trends, providing a hydroclimatic signature of late twentieth-century warming. The authors find that increasing HY-INT is physically consistent with the response of both precipitation intensity and dry spell length to global warming. Precipitation intensity increases because of increased atmospheric water holding capacity. However, increases in mean precipitation are tied to increases in surface evaporation rates, which are lower than for atmospheric moisture. This leads to a reduction in the number of wet days and an increase in dry spell length. This analysis identifies increasing hydroclimatic intensity as a robust integrated response to global warming, implying increasing risks for systems that are sensitive to wet and dry extremes and providing a potential target for detection and attribution of hydroclimatic changes

Profile and risk factors in farmer injuries: a review based on Haddon matrix and 5 E’s risk reduction strategy

Farmers are considered a high-risk group for intentional and unintentional injuries. This review identified significant risk factors for agricultural injuries in farmers and explored injury prevention countermeasures based on the literature. Therefore, CiteSpace software was used to analyze the relevant literature in this field. Additionally, we identified both key risk factors and countermeasures using the Haddon matrix and the 5 E’s risk reduction strategies conceptual framework, respectively. The risk factors were identified from four categories (host, agent, physical environment, and social environment) corresponding to three phases (pre-event, event, and post-event). Interventions of 5 E’s risk reduction strategies including education, engineering, enforcement, economic, and emergency response have been proven effective in preventing injuries or reducing their severity. Our findings provide a comprehensive foundation and research direction for the study and prevention of injuries among farmers

Ribosomal protein S3 mediates drug resistance of proteasome inhibitor: potential therapeutic application in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable due to drug resistance. Ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) has been identified as a non-Rel subunit of NF-κB. However, the detailed biological roles of RPS3 remain unclear. Here, we report for the first time that RPS3 is necessary for MM survival and drug resistance. RPS3 was highly expressed in MM, and knockout of RPS3 in MM inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of RPS3 mediated the proteasome inhibitor resistance of MM and shortened the survival of MM tumor-bearing animals. Moreover, our present study found an interaction between RPS3 and the thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13), an oncogene related to MM tumorigenesis and drug resistance. We demonstrated that the phosphorylation of RPS3 was mediated by TRIP13 via PKCδ, which played an important role in activating the canonical NF-κB signaling and inducing cell survival and drug resistance in MM. Notably, the inhibition of NF-κB signaling by the small-molecule inhibitor targeting TRIP13, DCZ0415, was capable of triggering synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with bortezomib in drug-resistant MM. This study identifies RPS3 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in MM

Controlling of structural ordering and rigidity of β-SiAlON:Eu through chemical cosubstitution to approach narrow-band-emission for light-emitting diodes application

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Contract Nos. MOST 104- 2113-M-002-012-MY3, MOST 104-2119-M-002-027-MY3 and 104-2923-M-002-007-MY3) and Australia Research Council (ARC, FT160100251). The contribution of A. L. was supported by the grant “Preludium” UMO-2014/13/N/ST3/03781 from the National Science Center. The contribution of S. M. was supported by the grant “Iuventus Plus” 0271/IP3/2015/73 from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. M. G. was supported by Polish National Center for Research and Development with grants no PBS3/A5/48/2015 and PL-TWII/8/2015.Narrow-band green-emitting phosphor β-SiAlON:Eu has been widely used in advanced wide-gamut backlighting de- vices. However, the origins for unusual sharp lines in photoluminescence emission at room temperature and tunable narrow-band- emission tailored by reducing Al-O in β-SiAlON:Eu are still unclear. Here, the presence of sharp-line fine structure in the emission spectra of β-SiAlON:Eu is mainly due to purely electronic transitions (zero phonon lines) and their vibronic repetitions resulted from the multi-microenvironment around Eu2+ ions that has been revealed by relative emission intensity of sharp line depends on excitation wavelength and monotonously increasing decay time. The specific features of the Eu2+ occupying interstitial sites indicate that the effect of crystal field strength can be neglected. Therefore the enhanced rigidity and higher ordering structure of β-SiAlON:Eu with decreasing the substitution of Si–N by Al–O become the main factors in decreasing electron–lattice coupling and reducing inhomo- geneous broadening, favouring the blue-shift and narrow of the emission band, the enhanced thermal stability, as well as the charge state of Eu2+. Our results provide new insights for explaining the reason for narrow-band-emission in β-SiAlON:Eu, which will deliver an impetus for the exploration of phosphors with narrow band and ordering structure.PostprintPeer reviewe

The Asian arowana (<i>Scleropages formosus</i>) genome provides new insights into the evolution of an early lineage of teleosts

The Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus), one of the world’s most expensive cultivated ornamental fishes, is an endangered species. It represents an ancient lineage of teleosts: the Osteoglossomorpha. Here, we provide a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of a female golden-variety arowana using a combination of deep shotgun sequencing and high-resolution linkage mapping. In addition, we have also generated two draft genome assemblies for the red and green varieties. Phylogenomic analysis supports a sister group relationship between Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues) and Elopomorpha (eels and relatives), with the two clades together forming a sister group of Clupeocephala which includes all the remaining teleosts. The arowana genome retains the full complement of eight Hox clusters unlike the African butterfly fish (Pantodon buchholzi), another bonytongue fish, which possess only five Hox clusters. Differential gene expression among three varieties provides insights into the genetic basis of colour variation. A potential heterogametic sex chromosome is identified in the female arowana karyotype, suggesting that the sex is determined by a ZW/ZZ sex chromosomal system. The high-quality reference genome of the golden arowana and the draft assemblies of the red and green varieties are valuable resources for understanding the biology, adaptation and behaviour of Asian arowanas

The Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus) Genome Provides New Insights into the Evolution of an Early Lineage of Teleosts

The Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus), one of the world’s most expensive cultivated ornamental fishes, is an endangered species. It represents an ancient lineage of teleosts: the Osteoglossomorpha. Here, we provide a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of a female golden-variety arowana using a combination of deep shotgun sequencing and high-resolution linkage mapping. In addition, we have also generated two draft genome assemblies for the red and green varieties. Phylogenomic analysis supports a sister group relationship between Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues) and Elopomorpha (eels and relatives), with the two clades together forming a sister group of Clupeocephala which includes all the remaining teleosts. The arowana genome retains the full complement of eight Hox clusters unlike the African butterfly fish (Pantodon buchholzi), another bonytongue fish, which possess only five Hox clusters. Differential gene expression among three varieties provides insights into the genetic basis of colour variation. A potential heterogametic sex chromosome is identified in the female arowana karyotype, suggesting that the sex is determined by a ZW/ZZ sex chromosomal system. The high-quality reference genome of the golden arowana and the draft assemblies of the red and green varieties are valuable resources for understanding the biology, adaptation and behaviour of Asian arowanas