Frequency Dependent Flux Dynamics and Activation Energies in Pnictide Bulk (Ba0.56K0.44)Fe2As2 Superconductor

AbstractThermally activated flux de-pinning and flux activation de-pinning energies are studied in a (Ba0.56K0.44)Fe2As2 (Tc=38.5K) bulk superconductor in DC magnetic fields up to 18 T. Ac susceptibility was measured as a function of temperature, DC and AC magnetic fields, and frequency. Ac susceptibility curves shift to higher temperatures as the frequency is increased from 75 to 1997Hz in all fields. We model this data by Arrhenius law to determine flux activation energies as a function of AC and DC magnetic fields. The activation energy ranges from 8822K at μ0 Hdc = 0 T to 1100K at 18 T for Hac =80 A/m. The energies drop quickly in a non-linear manner as DC field rises above 0 T and around 1 T, which we describe as pinning transition field, the drop levels and continues more slowly in a linear like manner as DC field approaches to 18 T. Furthermore, the activation energy drops quickly as AC field increases from 80 A/m to 800 A/m at 0 DC field. As the DC field rises above 0, the activation energy has significantly weaker dependence on the AC field amplitude. Extensive map of the de-pinning, or irreversibility, lines shows broad dependence on the magnitude of the small AC field, frequency, in addition to the DC field

Inter- and Intra-granular flux Pinning in Ba(Fe0.91Co0.09)2As2 Superconductors

AbstractThermally assisted flux flow (TAFF) and flux pinning energiesare studied in a Ba(Fe0.91Co0.09)2As2 (Tc = 25.3K) sample via resistivity and AC susceptibility measurements in magnetic fields up to 18T. The flux pinning energy U(T,H) is determined from the Arrhenius law. The pinning maxima well determined by resistivity measurements ranged from 1724K at 0 T to 585K at 18 T with a sharp drop off so that U(T=Tc) varied with the applied field H as . The pinning activation energies determined from the AC susceptibility data but were by a factor of three higher, which is explained here. Both inter- and intra-granular pinning energies are determined in low fields. The onset of TAFF temperature and the crossover temperature Tx from TAFF to flux flow are determined, showing the limitations of the Anderson-Kim model

On geometric problems related to Brown-York and Liu-Yau quasilocal mass

We discuss some geometric problems related to the definitions of quasilocal mass proposed by Brown-York \cite{BYmass1} \cite{BYmass2} and Liu-Yau \cite{LY1} \cite{LY2}. Our discussion consists of three parts. In the first part, we propose a new variational problem on compact manifolds with boundary, which is motivated by the study of Brown-York mass. We prove that critical points of this variation problem are exactly static metrics. In the second part, we derive a derivative formula for the Brown-York mass of a smooth family of closed 2 dimensional surfaces evolving in an ambient three dimensional manifold. As an interesting by-product, we are able to write the ADM mass \cite{ADM61} of an asymptotically flat 3-manifold as the sum of the Brown-York mass of a coordinate sphere $S_r$ and an integral of the scalar curvature plus a geometrically constructed function $\Phi(x)$ in the asymptotic region outside $S_r$. In the third part, we prove that for any closed, spacelike, 2-surface $\Sigma$ in the Minkowski space $\R^{3,1}$ for which the Liu-Yau mass is defined, if $\Sigma$ bounds a compact spacelike hypersurface in $\R^{3,1}$, then the Liu-Yau mass of $\Sigma$ is strictly positive unless $\Sigma$ lies on a hyperplane. We also show that the examples given by \'{O} Murchadha, Szabados and Tod \cite{MST} are special cases of this result.Comment: 28 page

Phase sensitive amplification in a highly nonlinear lead-silicate fibre

We experimentally demonstrate phase-sensitive amplification in a highly nonlinear lead-silicate W-type fibre. A phase-sensitive gain swing of 6dB was observed in a 1.56m sample of the fibre for a total launched power of 33dBm

Critical points of Wang-Yau quasi-local energy

In this paper, we prove the following theorem regarding the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy of a spacelike two-surface in a spacetime: Let $\Sigma$ be a boundary component of some compact, time-symmetric, spacelike hypersurface $\Omega$ in a time-oriented spacetime $N$ satisfying the dominant energy condition. Suppose the induced metric on $\Sigma$ has positive Gaussian curvature and all boundary components of $\Omega$ have positive mean curvature. Suppose $H \le H_0$ where $H$ is the mean curvature of $\Sigma$ in $\Omega$ and $H_0$ is the mean curvature of $\Sigma$ when isometrically embedded in $R^3$. If $\Omega$ is not isometric to a domain in $R^3$, then 1. the Brown-York mass of $\Sigma$ in $\Omega$ is a strict local minimum of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy of $\Sigma$, 2. on a small perturbation $\tilde{\Sigma}$ of $\Sigma$ in $N$, there exists a critical point of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy of $\tilde{\Sigma}$.Comment: substantially revised, main theorem replaced, Section 3 adde

Laser-induced crystalline optical waveguide on glass fibre

We report for the first time the fabrication of a novel glass ribbon fibre with laser-induced single (or quasi-single) crystalline (La,Yb)BGeO5 optical waveguide

Atmospheric Neutrino Problem in Maximally-Mixed Three Generations of Neutrinos

Motivated by the indication that both the atmospheric and the solar neutrino puzzles may simultaneously be solved by (vacuum as well as matter-induced resonant) oscillations of two generations of neutrinos with large mixing, we have analyzed the data on the atmospheric and solar neutrinos assuming that all {\it three} neutrinos are maximally mixed. It is shown that the values of $\Delta m^2$ obtained from the two-generation analyses are still valid even in the three-generation scheme, i.e. the two puzzles can be solved simultaneously if $\Delta m_{31}^2 \simeq 10^{-2} \, \mathrm{eV}^2$ for the atmospheric neutrinos and $\Delta m_{21}^2 \simeq 10^{-10} \, \mathrm{eV}^2$ for solar neutrinos in the maximally mixed three-generation scheme.Comment: Revtex file, 11 pages + 3 figures (included). The postscript file of text and figures is available at ftp://toxd01.to.infn.it/pub/giunti/1994/dftt-54-94/dftt-54-94.ps.

Temperature Variation of Ultra Slow Light in a Cold Gas

A model is developed to explain the temperature dependence of the group velocity as observed in the experiments of Hau et al (Nature {\bf397}, 594 (1999)). The group velocity is quite sensitive to the change in the spatial density. The inhomogeneity in the density and its temperature dependence are primarily responsible for the observed behavior.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

A fundamental limit for integrated atom optics with Bose-Einstein condensates

The dynamical response of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate manipulated by an integrated atom optics device such as a microtrap or a microfabricated waveguide is studied. We show that when the miniaturization of the device enforces a sufficiently high condensate density, three-body interactions lead to a spatial modulational instability that results in a fundamental limit on the coherent manipulation of Bose-Einstein condensates.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Fluctuating Filaments I: Statistical Mechanics of Helices

We examine the effects of thermal fluctuations on thin elastic filaments with non-circular cross-section and arbitrary spontaneous curvature and torsion. Analytical expressions for orientational correlation functions and for the persistence length of helices are derived, and it is found that this length varies non-monotonically with the strength of thermal fluctuations. In the weak fluctuation regime, the local helical structure is preserved and the statistical properties are dominated by long wavelength bending and torsion modes. As the amplitude of fluctuations is increased, the helix ``melts'' and all memory of intrinsic helical structure is lost. Spontaneous twist of the cross--section leads to resonant dependence of the persistence length on the twist rate.Comment: 5 figure