On the training of specialists in the creation and maintenance of software for processing and presentation of geospatial data

Показана актуальність відкриття підготовки в вузах Білорусі програмістів геодезичного профілю.=The relevance of the opening of training in the universities of Belarus for geodetic programmers is shown

Radioluminescence properties of nanocomposite scintillators with BaF 2 fillers

In this paper, studies of the luminescence properties of nanocrystalline BaF 2 samples synthesized by laser ablation and pulse electron beam evaporation method are presented. The measurements of X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) showed the dependence between luminescence intensity and the shape of the spectrum on the morphology and particle size. Also, studies of X-ray excited luminescence, decay curves and optical transmittance for nanocomposite materials containing BaF 2 nanopowder are presented. Barium fluoride nanopowder, obtained by pulsed electron beam evaporation method is characterized by a lower intensity than the initial microcrystalline powder, but at the same time, XEL spectrum of the nanocomposite material with this nanocrystalline filler is more intense, then that for nanocomposite material with initial powder. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Ultrafast hybrid nanocomposite scintillators: A review

In recent years, demand for scintillation detectors with high time resolution (better than 100 ps) has emerged in high-energy physics and medical imaging applications. In particular, time of flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) can greatly benefit from increasing time resolution of scintillators, which leads to the increase of signal-to-noise ratio, decrease of patient dose, and achievement of the superior spatial resolution of PET images. Currently, extensive research of various types of materials is carried out to achieve the best time resolution. In this review, the recent progress of various approaches is summarized and scintillation compounds with the best temporal characteristics are first reviewed. The review presents the physical processes causing fast luminescence in inorganic and organic materials. Special attention is paid to nanocomposites which belong to a new perspective class of scintillating materials, consisting of a plastic matrix, inorganic nanocrystalline fillers, and organic or inorganic luminescence activators and shifters. The main features and functions of all parts of existing and prospective nanocomposite scintillators are also discussed. A number of currently created and investigated nanocomposite materials with various compounds and structures are reviewed. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.Eesti Teadusagentuur, ETAg: PRG111, PRG629; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: 2014-2020.4.01.15–0011, TK141Authors thank Minobrnauki project FEUZ-2020-0059 and Estonian Research Council (grants PRG629 and PRG111 ) for financial support. Authors are also grateful for partial support from the European Regional Development Fund (DoRA Pluss program) and the ERDF funding in Estonia granted to the Center of Excellence TK141 “ Advanced materials and high-technology devices for sustainable energetics, sensorics and nanoelectronics ” (project No. 2014-2020.4.01.15–0011 )

GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY OF HOT PLASMAS

Gamma-ray spectrometry provides diagnostics of fast ion behavior in plasmas of large tokamaks. Information acquiring with the gamma-ray diagnostics gives possibility to identify and distinguish simultaneously presence of fast alpha-particles and other ions He), to obtain its relative densities and also to perform tomographic radial profile reconstruction of the gammaemission sources

Coherent Cherenkov radiation as an intense THz source

Diffraction and Cherenkov radiation of relativistic electrons from a dielectric target has been proposed as mechanism for production of intense terahertz (THz) radiation. The use of an extremely short high-energy electron beam of a 4th generation light source (X-ray free electron laser) appears to be very promising. A moderate power from the electron beam can be extracted and converted into THz radiation with nearly zero absorption losses. The initial experiment on THz observation will be performed at CLARA/VELA FEL test facility in the UK to demonstrate the principle to a wider community and to develop the radiator prototype. In this paper, we present our theoretical predictions (based on the approach of polarization currents), which provides the basis for interpreting the future experimental measurements. We will also present our hardware design and discuss a plan of the future experiment

Hemozoin "knobs" in Opisthorchis felineus infected liver

Background Hemozoin is the pigment produced by some blood-feeding parasites. It demonstrates high diagnostic and therapeutic potential. In this work the formation of co-called hemozoin “knobs” – the bile duct ectasia filled up by hemozoin pigment - in Opisthorhis felineus infected hamster liver has been observed. Methods The O. felineus infected liver was examined by histological analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pigment hemozoin was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Hemozoin crystals were characterised by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results Hemozoin crystals produced by O. felineus have average length 403 nm and the length-to-width ratio equals 2.0. The regurgitation of hemozoin from parasitic fluke during infection leads to formation of bile duct ectasia. The active release of hemozoin from O. felineus during in vitro incubation has also been evidenced. It has been shown that the hemozoin knobs can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions In the paper for the first time the characterisation of hemozoin pigment extracted from liver fluke O. felineus has been conducted. The role of hemozoin in the modification of immune response by opisthorchiasis is assumed

Синдром пароксизмальной симпатической гиперактивности (обзор)

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is one of the complications of acute severe brain injuries (traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, ischemia, and posthypoxic conditions) in both adults and children. Its high incidence and severe sequelae including organ dysfunction, infectious complications, impaired blood supply to organs and tissues associate with increased disability and mortality. The choice of effective therapy can be challenging because of multifaceted manifestations, diagnostic difficulties, and lack of a clear understanding of the pathophysiology of PSH. Currently, there are various local and international treatment strategies for PSH.The aim of the review is to summarize clinical and scientific research data on diagnosis and treatment of PSH to aid in the selection of an effective therapy.Material and methods. Web of Science, Scopus and RSCI databases were employed to select 80 sources containing relevant clinical and research data on the subject of this review.Results. The key principles of diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity have been reviewed. The current views on etiology and pathogenesis of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity development were outlined. The clinical data concerning complications and sequelae of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity were analyzed. We conclude the review with a discussion of current methods of the syndrome prevention.Conclusion. Preventing PSH and its adequate and prompt treatment could help avoid the abnormal pathway development following a severe brain injury, reduce its negative consequences and rate of complications, along with the duration of mechanical lung ventilation, patient's stay in ICU, disability and mortality rates. Careful selection of pathogenetic, symptomatic and supportive therapy significantly improves the rehabilitation potential of patients.Одним из осложнений острого тяжелого повреждения мозга (черепно-мозговая травма, внутричерепные кровоизлияния, ишемия, постгипоксические состояния) как у взрослых, так и у детей является развитие синдрома пароксизмальной симпатической гиперактивности (ПСГА). Высокая частота его встречаемости и тяжелые негативные последствия: органная дисфункция, инфекционные осложнения, нарушения трофики органов и тканей, приводят к повышению инвалидизации и смертности. Сложности в подборе эффективной терапии связаны с многообразием симптомов, трудностями диагностики, отсутствием четкого понимания патофизиологии ПСГА. В настоящее время существуют различные зарубежные и отечественные схемы лечения ПСГА.Цель обзора — обобщить данные клинических и научных исследований по диагностике и лечению синдрома ПСГА для облегчения подбора эффективной терапии.Материал. В базах данных Web of Science, Scopus и РИНЦ отобрали 80 источников, содержавших актуальные данные клинических и научных исследований по теме данного обзора.Результаты. Рассмотрели основные принципы диагностики и лечения пароксизмальной симпатической гиперактивности; описали современные представления об этиологии и патогенезе развития пароксизмальной симпатической гиперактивности; привели клинические данные, касающиеся развития осложнений пароксизмальной симпатической гиперактивности; проанализировали клинические последствия и описали современные методы профилактики развития синдрома пароксизмальной симпатической гиперактивности.Заключение. Профилактика развития ПСГА, его адекватное и своевременное лечение позволяют предотвратить формирование патологической доминанты (мы рассматриваем ПСГА именно как одну из патологических доминант, формирующихся при тяжелом повреждении ГМ), уменьшить негативные последствия этого синдрома, снизить число осложнений, длительность ИВЛ и пребывания боль- ного в ОРИТ, инвалидизацию и смертность. Подбор патогенетической, симптоматической, а затем поддерживающей терапии значительно улучшает реабилитационный потенциал пациентов