Quantum geometrodynamics of the Bianchi IX model in extended phase space

A way of constructing mathematically correct quantum geometrodynamics of a closed universe is presented. The resulting theory appears to be gauge-noninvariant and thus consistent with the observation conditions of a closed universe, by that being considerably distinguished from the conventional Wheeler - DeWitt one. For the Bianchi-IX cosmological model it is shown that a normalizable wave function of the Universe depends on time, allows the standard probability interpretation and satisfies a gauge-noninvariant dynamical Schrodinger equation. The Wheeler - DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics is represented by a singular, BRST-invariant solution to the Schrodinger equation having no property of normalizability.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Time boundary terms and Dirac constraints

Time boundary terms usually added to action principles are systematically handled in the framework of Dirac's canonical analysis. The procedure begins with the introduction of the boundary term into the integral Hamiltonian action and then the resulting action is interpreted as a Lagrangian one to which Dirac's method is applied. Once the general theory is developed, the current procedure is implemented and illustrated in various examples which are originally endowed with different types of constraints.Comment: 12 page

Sonoelectrochemical degradation of formic acid using Ti/Ta2O5-SnO2 electrodes

AbstractAdvanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are modern methods using highly reactive hydroxyl radicals for the oxidation of persistent organic (sometimes inorganic) compounds in aqueous phase. Among AOPs, sonoelectrochemical degradation is a technique employing electrochemistry and ultrasound as the main source of energy without the need for additional chemicals for the process. The annual production of formic acid (FA) is around 800,000tons and is a constituent in wastewaters from tannery, chemical, pharmaceutical, dyeing industries etc. Thus far sonoelectrochemical methods have never been applied to FA decomposition. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sonoelectrochemical decomposition of FA, optimize the sonochemical and electrochemical parameters involved in FA degradation and compare the results with other existing AOPs. Sonoelectrochemical degradation of FA was found to be either comparable or better than other AOPs in terms of time and degradation efficiency. The highest 97% mineralization of FA was obtained using 1176kHz ultrasonic irradiation combined with 20mA electrolysis in 120min. The fastest FA degradation kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0374min−1 were generated at 381kHz at 20mA at an ultrasonic power of 0.02W/cm3

Down-regulation of murine beta-defensin-2 in Lewis lung carcinoma cells results in accelerated growth of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo

To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of murine beta-defensin-2 (mBD-2) expression in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Based on pcDNA3 vector, constructs containing mBD-2 cDNA coding mature defensin molecule (pcDNA3-mBD2), and Igk-mBD-2 insertion, coding secretory sequence plus mature defensin molecule (pcDNA3-Igk-mBD-2) were generated. Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells were transfected in vitro with these plasmids and with blank pcDNA3 vector, and the proliferative rate and clonogenic ability of obtained cell lines cultivated in vitro were analyzed using 3H-incorporation technique and colony formation in semi-soft medium, respectively. Expression of mBD-2 mRNA was studied by semiquantative RT-PCR analysis. Also, transfected cells were transplanted to C57B mice, and the patterns of tumor growth in vivo were analyzed by routine techniques. Results: We have found out that in the 3LL cells transfected with pcDNA3-mBD-2 and pcDNA3-Igk-mBD-2, the expression of mBD-2 mRNA is significantly down regulated compared to wild-type cells and 3LL cells transfected with blank vector. The cells with suppressed mBD-2 expression differed from parental cells and cells transfected with blank vector by higher proliferation rate (p < 0.001) and higher clonogenic ability. The 3LL-mBD-2 and 3LL-Igk-mBD-2 cells that are transplanted to C57B mice gave rise to more aggressive tumors that possessed significantly higher growth rate (p < 0.01) than those that arise from wild-type 3LL cells. Conclusion: The obtained results are evidencing on a possible tumor-suppressing role of mBD-2 expression.Цель: настоящая работа посвящена анализу противоопухолевых свойств бета-дефенсина-2 мыши (mBD-2) in vitro and in vivo. Материалы и методы: на основе pcDNA3.1+ вектора были созданы 2 плазмидных конструкта, кодирующих зрелую форму mBD-2, содержащие или несодержащие сигнальную последовательность Igk (pcDNA3mBD-2 и pcDNA3Igk-mBD-2 соответственно). Путем трансфекции клеток 3LL полученными векторами, а также контрольным вектором pcDNA3.1+ были получены клеточные линии (3LL-mBD-2, 3LL-Igk-mBD-2 и 3LL-pcDNA3), для которых были проведены исследования их пролиферативной активности, определенной по уровню включения 3 Н-тимидина в ДНК, и способности к колониеобразованию в среде, содержащей метилцеллюлозу. Экспрессию гена mBD-2 исследовали с помощью полуколичественного ОТ-ПЦР-анализа. Трансфецированные клетки были имплантированы мышам линии C57BL, после чего была проанализирована динамика роста опухоли. Результаты: установлено, что в трансфектных клеточных линиях 3LL-mBD-2 и 3LL-Igk-mBD-2 уровень экспрессии mBD-2 снижен по сравнению с контрольными. Эти клетки характеризовались достоверным повышением уровня пролиферации (р < 0,001) и способности к колониеобразованию. Клетки сублиний 3LLmBD-2 и 3LL-Igk-mBD-2, трансплантированные мышам линии C57BL, вызывали развитие более агрессивных опухолей, обладающих значительно более высокой скоростью роста (p < 0,01), чем таковые, вызванные перевивкой клеток 3LL. Выводы: полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможной роли mBD-2 как опухолевого супрессора

Expression of human beta-defensins-1, 2 and 4 mRNA in human lung tumor tissue: a pilot study

To analyze the patterns of human beta-defensin-1, 2, 4 (hBDs) expression in human lung tumors. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples of surgically resected human lung tumors (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), n = 10; adenocarcinoma (AC), n = 10) paired with conditionally normal tissue samples were analized for expression of hBD-1, 2, 4 mRNA by semiquantitive RT-PCR. Results: In a number of studied lung cancer tissue samples, overexpression of defensin mRNA was registered: hBD-1 mRNA (50% of SCC and 60% AC), hBD-2 mRNA (60% of SCC and 50% of AC) or hBD-4 (40% of SCC and 20% AC). No correlation was detected between the levels of hBD-1, hBD-2 and hBD-4 mRNA and histological type, differentiation grade of the tumor, and the stage of the disease, as well as the content of hBD-2 peptide in blood serum of lung cancer patients. Conclusion: Human beta-defensins-1 and -2 are often up-regulated in human lung tumors.Цель: проанализировать особенности экспрессии мРНК бета-дефенсинов-1, 2, 4 (hBDs) в ткани опухоли легкого человека. Материалы и методы: с помощью метода полуколичественного RT-PCR-анализа изучали уровень экспрессии мРНК hBD-1, 2, 4 в образцах ткани хирургически удаленных опухолей легкого человека (плоскоклеточный рак — ПКР, n = 10; аденокарцинома — AК, n = 10) по сравнению с образцами условно-нормальной ткани легкого тех же пациентов. Результаты: в ряде исследованных образцов опухолей легкого выявлена повышенная экспрессия мРНК hBD-1 (50% ПКР и 60% AК), hBD-2 (60% ПКР и 50% АК) или hBD-4 (40% ПКР и 20% AК). Зависимости между уровнем экспрессии бета-дефенсинов и гистологическим типом опухоли, стадией заболевания и содержанием пептида hBD-2 в сыворотке крови больных не установлено. Выводы: в ткани опухоли легкого человека часто активирована экспрессия hBD-1 и hBD-2

THE METHOD OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITY TO STUDENTS OF MEDICAL AND PROPHYLACTIC FACULTY IN THE STUDY OF THE DISCIPLINE «MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING IN HEALTH CARE»

В статье представлена методика разработки проекта «Моя медицинская организация» студентами, обучающимися по специальности «Медико-профилактическое дело»The article presents the method of development of the students project «My Medical Organization» in the specialty «Medical and preventive care

Prospects for the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for weight loss and improvement of insulin sensitivity

Concerning the uncontrolled growth in the incidence of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), numerous research have been carried out to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of progress of these diseases and development of new methods for their prevention and treatment in recent years. T2DM is known to be a multifactorial disease, in the development of which both lifestyle and various environmental factors, and genetic predisposition are involved. At the same time, in recent years, a theory has been discussed that intestinal dysbiosis, which is caused with quantitative and qualitative changes in the gut microbiota (GM) is one of the mechanisms of obesity and T2DM development. At the moment, various methods have been proposed for restoring the normal composition of GM, including the administration of prebiotics and metabiotics that stimulate the growth of gut flora, as well as probiotics, which directly include the necessary beneficial bacteria (mainly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). Fecal microflora transplantation (FMT), which allows transferring an entire microbial community into the recipient's body, rather than individual bacteria is the newest and least studied method of GM normalization. In this connection, this method of GM influencing is of great interest for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases