Mental stability of elite athletes in individual and team sports as a key to successful sports activities

Introduction. Modern sport is associated with high intensity during training and competitive activities, competition is intensified on the playing field and the social importance of sport is growing. Sports activity is characterized not merely by high physical strain, but also mental stress, mental instability, which affects the performance of the athlete, his psychological health in general, so mental stability plays a central role in sport. The purpose of the study is to identify the levels and differences of mental stability parameters in athletes in individual sport and athletes in team sport. Materials and Methods. The study involved 1545 elite athletes aged 14-17. Of these, 482 athletes are engaged in team sports and 1063 people are engaged in individual sports. As psychodiagnostic methods, the athletes were offered: a questionnaire for assessing neuropsychic stability “Prognoz-2” by V.Yu. Rybnikov and a questionnaire for assessing mental activity, interest, emotional tone, tension, comfort by L.A. Kurgansky and T.A. Nemchin. Statistical analysis was carried out using the H-Kruskal-Wallace test. Results. According to the results of the study, athletes involved in both individual sports and team sports have good mental stability. Reliably significant differences were found in the parameter “emotional tone” (p=0.007) and “tension” (p=0.0308). Indicators of the severity of mental activation, interest and comfort are within the normative values. Conclusion. Mental stability is understood by the authors as an innate dynamic property of a person, the ability of an athlete to resist stressful factors through their self-regulation, while maintaining performance, reliability in sports activities and health in general. Mental stability develops and changes throughout life. © 2022 LLC Ecological Help. All rights reserved

Specific Absorption Rate of Fractal-like Aggregates of Magnetic Nanopaticles

A specific absorption rate of fractal-like assemblies of iron oxide nanoparticles in alternating magnetic field has been calculated using stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation which simultaneously takes into account both the presence of thermal fluctuations of the nanoparticle magnetic moments, and strong magneto-dipole interaction between the nanoparticles of the clusters. No appreciable difference in the magnetic properties of various types of fractal clusters has been revealed. It is also found that the specific absorption rate of dilute assemblies of fractal clusters shows only weak dependence on the number of the nanoparticles within the clusters. Keywords: Magnetic nanoparticles, Fractal clusters, Magneto- dipole interaction, Low frequency hysteresis loop

Неонатальный скрининг на тяжелую комбинированную иммунную недостаточность в России: прекрасное дале ко или завтрашняя реальность?

Mass screening of newborns in Russia for five hereditary diseases does not meet the requirements of the world community for the neonatal screening program. Success in the development of laboratory diagnostic technologies and active introduction of achievements in genetics and molecular biology into medical practice allow for the revision of the list of nosologies included in the national neonatal screening program by replacing the disease or adding new nosologies. The article discusses the possibility of including genetic testing for severe combined immune deficiency in the Newborn Screening Program in Russia. The results from a retrospective study of markers of naive T- and B-lymphocytes (TREC and KREC) in the group of children with immuno-dependent pathology developed in the first year of life are discussed. © 2017 Voprosy Sovremennoi Pediatrii - Current Pediatrics. All rights reserved

Multivariate analysis of genealogical markers in adults with primary immunodeficiencies

Aim. To study the genealogy of adult patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and to analyze its data in the relatives of these patients. Subjects and methods. A genealogical analysis was carried out in 74 adult patients with PID and 200 adults without this condition, by examining groups of signs in the relatives in at least 4 generations, the genealogical markers were an atypical infectious and inflammatory process; allergic diseases; autoimmune diseases; the presence of relatives with cancers; cases of reproductive dysfunction; deaths from infectious diseases and/or cancers in children; and congenital malformations. The percentage of relatives with the above genealogical markers of the total number of the relatives in 4 generations was used as an indicator. The analysis applied nonparametric methods, such as quartile analysis, Spearmans correlation coefficient, and Mann-Whitney test to verify the statistical significance of differences between the independent groups. Multifactor prediction models were based on the decision theory (Wald-Bayesian analysis) and classification trees. At Stage 1, the investigators made a univariate analysis, the data of which were used to perform a correlation analysis of the indicators. Multifactor prediction models were based on the decision theory (Wald-Bayesian analysis) and classification trees. Results. The genealogical markers were identified and analyzed using different statistical methods and conclusions were made on prognostically significant indicators. Conclusion. The findings may be recommended for practical use in order to enhance the efficiency of work with patients having various immunopathological syndromes

Анализ генеалогических данных у взрослых с первичными иммунодефицитами

This study was aimed at analysis of pedigrees of adult patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Methods. We examined 94 adults with primary immunodeficiency and 217 adults without this disease. Genealogy analysis was made at least for four generations in all patients. Results. Relatives of most PID patients (75 %) had autoimmune disorders. Relatives of near all (99 %) of PID patients had allergic diseases. Sixty nine per cent of PID patients had cases of infant death due to infectious or oncological diseases in ancestors. Conclusion. Genealogy analysis of patients with confirmed or suspected PID could be an important diagnostic measure. Data about relatives with atypical infectious, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases are the most valuable.В клинической практике недостаточно уделяется внимания составлению родословных пациентов, выявлению наследственной природы заболевания, характера наследования болезни. Это касается как редких, так и широко распространенных болезней. При этом генеалогический анализ при выявлении и подозрении на первичный иммунодефицит (ПИД) исключительно важен как в клиническом, так и в прогностическом плане. В сформированных группах проведено сравнение генеалогических данных у родственников пациентов с ПИД и без такового

THE RUSSIAN DATA OF INTERNATIONAL ENDORSE REGISTER (EPIDEMIOLOGIC INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR THE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS AT RISK OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS IN ACUTE HOSPITAL CARE SETTING)

Aim. To estimate a risk factor frequency of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients urgently hospitalized in hospitals, and also to estimate of patients part having effective prevention of VTE.Material and methods. ENDORSE (Epidemiologic International Day for the Evaluation of Patients at Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Acute Hospital Care Setting) is the international register. Patients of 40 years and older hospitalised in therapeutic departments as well as patients of 18 years and older hospitalised in surgical departments (358 hospitals in 32 countries) were included in the register. The case history analysis of all patients was performed for estimation of risk VTE and evaluation of preventive therapy quality according to American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Recommendation 2004.Results. Totally 68 183 patients (including 30 827 (45%) surgical patients and 37 356 (55%) therapeutic patients) were enrolled in Global ENDORSE Register. Russian centers enrolled 4 788 patients (including 2 829 (59%) surgical patients and 1 959 (41%) therapeutic patients). Totally 35 329 (51,8%) patients enrolled in Global ENDORSE Register (64,4% of surgical patients (19 842) and 41,5% of therapeutic patients (15 487)) had VTE risks. In Russia 2 188 enrolled patients (45,7%) had VTE risks (52% of surgical patients (1 470) and 36,7% of therapeutic patients (718). Totally 17 732 (50,2%) patients enrolled in Global Register ENDORSE and having VTE risks received VTE preventive therapy according to АССР Recommendations 2004. In Russia 521 (23,8%) patients enrolled in Global ENDORSE Register and having VTE risks received VTE preventive therapy according to АССР Recommendations 2004. It is more than 2 times less in comparison with world level (р<0.001).Conclusion. There are a lot of patients with VTE risks in hospitals. It is necessary to improve preventive therapy of VTE due to better hospital management and more active use of АССР Recommendations 2004

Determination of reference values for TREC and krec in dry blood spots of Newborns from different gestation ages in Sverdlovsk region

As a preparatory stage for implementation of genetic testing for severe combined immunodeficiency under a neonatal screening program, a study was performed in Sverdlovsk Region which concerned quantitative determination of T and B cell neogenesis markers (TREC and KREC, respectively) in blood of conditionally healthy newborns. Archived samples of dry blood spots collected in test-forms for routine neonatal screening were used as biological material for the study of full-term 26 girls and 26 boys who did not exhibit serious illnesses during first year of their life. In addition, we investigated potential effects of foetal gestational age upon the number of TREC and KREC in preterm infants. Blood samples from 55 preterm infants (23 to 36 gestational weeks) were also examined. It was shown that the levels of TREC and KREC increased sequentially with the increased gestation terms, but the quantitative changes of markers showed different dynamics. In this respect, the recommended terms of blood sample collection for SCID screening is entirely consistent with timing of blood sampling for routine newborn screening. An alternative result was obtained with a complete absence of TREC or KREC in blood sample of a newborn, irrespectively of prematurity degree (at valid copy numbers of a control gene) which should serve as an indication for immediate consulting of the child by immunologist and in-depth immunological examination, because it may be a first prognostic sign of a fatal disease. In order to obtain correct cut-off levels for TREC/KREC, additional studies are needed on a larger sample of newborns (1.000 to 5.000), followed by validation of the obtained reference boundaries in studies involving patients with different forms of primary immunodeficiencies. © 2018, SPb RAAC

Mathematical simulation of the processes of two-beam laser controlled thermal-splitting of quartz glass

В работе представлены результаты моделирования процессов управляемого термораскалывания кварцевого стекла при параллельном воздействии на материал двух пучков лазерного излучения инфракрасного диапазона различной геометрии: с максимальной интенсивностью в центре и с нулевой интенсивностью в центре (кольцевое сечение). Для расчета распределения температуры в материале использовался метод функций Грина, который позволяет получить хорошо интерпретируемое решение практически для любого вида функции поверхностных источников тепла. Далее, с учетом квазистатического подхода, с использованием методов классической теории термоупругости были рассчитаны термоупругие микронапряжения как на поверхности, так и по глубине материала. Установлено, что одновременное использование двух указанных типов лазерного воздействия позволяет эффективнее управлять температурным полем и создавать предпосылки для наиболее устойчивого формировании микротрещины. Результаты моделирования показывают, что при двулучевом воздействии микромеханические напряжения, необходимые для формирования микротрещины, реализуются за более короткие интервалы времени как на поверхности, так и по глубине материала, что позволяет увеличить скорость обработки до 30 %. Усиление контроля над процессом управляемого термораскалывания позволяет существенно снизить процент брака и повысить качество получаемых изделий микроэлектроники. The paper presents the results of modeling the processes of controlled thermal cracking of quartz glass under the parallel action of two infrared laser beams of different geometries on the material: with maximum intensity in the center and with zero intensity in the center (annular section). To calculate the temperature distribution in the material, the method of Green's functions was used, which allows us to obtain a well-interpreted solution for almost any type of function of surface heat sources. Further, taking into account the quasi-static approach, using the methods of the classical theory of thermoelasticity, thermoelastic micro- stresses were calculated, both on the surface and in the depth of the material. It is established that the simultaneous use of these two types of laser exposure makes it possible to control the temperature field more efficiently, and create prerequisites for the most stable formation of a microcrack. The simulation results show that with a bi-beam effect, the micromechanical stresses necessary for the formation of a microcrack are realized in shorter time intervals, both on the surface and in the depth of the material, which allows increasing the processing speed by up to 30 %. Strengthening control over the process of controlled thermal cracking can significantly reduce the percentage of defects and improve the quality of the resulting microeletronics products

Экономико-математическая модель содержания двух пчелиных семей в инновационном двухблочном улье с комбинированной технологической перегородкой

One of the main directions of increasing the economic efficiency of bee products is increase in productivity of bee colonies with economical expenditure of material resources, primarily use of such basic means as new design bee hive. A completely new design of a two-block bee hive is proposed, allowing two families of bees in one house. The two-block bee hive allows to use a simple technological partition to combine two different families with their uterus and get one super-strong family. In two-block hives, the main drawback of one-block hives has been eliminated – significant weight of hive body, which restrains increase in productivity of beekeeper and prevents decrease in product cost price. The volume of a two-block bee hive and the parameters of a combined technological partition, which were obtained as a result of observations and longterm experiments, have been justified. Economic and mathematical model of bee colonies development when housed in two-block hive with combined technological partition is presented. Practical calculation of the economic potential of two-block bee hive has been made. Substantiation of regularity of obtaining high results in housing and peaceful unification of bee colonies in a two-block bee hive with a technological combined partition is given. Keeping bees in the developed two-block hives opens up great prospects in the field of beekeeping.Одним из основных направлений повышения экономической эффективности производства продукции пчеловодства является рост продуктивности пчелиных семей при экономном расходовании материальных средств, в первую очередь использование таких основных средств, как пчелиный улей новой конструкции. Предлагается совершенно новая конструкция двухблочного пчелиного улья, позволяющая находиться двум семьям пчел в одном домике. Двухблочный пчелиный улей позволяет с помощью простой технологической перегородки объединить две разные семьи со своими матками и получить одну сверхсильную семью. В двухблочных ульях устранен основной недостаток одноблочных ульев – значительная масса корпусов улья, сдерживающая повышение производительности труда пчеловода и препятствующая снижению себестоимости продукции. В статье обоснованы объем двухблочного пчелиного улья и параметры комбинированной технологической перегородки, которые получены в результате наблюдений и многолетних опытов. Приводится экономико-математическая модель развития пчелиных семей при содержании их в двухблочном улье с комбинированной технологической перегородкой. Сделан практический расчет экономического потенциала двухблочного пчелиного улья. Дано обоснование закономерности получения высоких результатов при содержании и мирном объединении пчелиных семей в двухблочном пчелином улье с технологической комбинированной перегородкой. Переход на содержание пчел в разработанных двухблочных ульях открывает большие перспективы в области пчеловодства