The Challenge of the Irish Catholic Community in Nineteenth-Century Montreal

As a receiving point for the Irish diaspora, Montreal offered the exceptional context of a Catholic majority, a bilingual labour market, and, in the 1840s, a polity undergoing reconstruction. The high quality of records in Montreal allows us to trace the destinies of Irish Catholics who settled in the city in the 1840s and to weigh some of the factors that contributed to their upward mobility. One such factor was the existence of an Irish Catholic population that, from as early as the 1820s, constituted a third community, distinctive in its demographic behaviour and institutional allegiances, alongside French Canadians and Anglo-Protestants. An examination of sample families shows that the “famine immigrants” of the 1840s advanced into new economic niches, their infants thrived, they achieved in the second and third generations substantial improvement in housing and residential integration, and they exercised, in each generation, an active and articulate political voice. These findings contradict earlier assumptions of persistent poverty and powerlessness among Irish Catholics in North American cities and raise new questions about urban opportunities and social pathways.Carrefour d’accueil de la diaspora irlandaise, Montréal offrait le contexte exceptionnel d’une majorité catholique, d’un marché du travail bilingue et, dans les années 1840, d’un régime en reconstruction. La grande qualité des archives à Montréal nous permet de retracer la destinée des catholiques irlandais qui s’y sont établis dans les années 1840 et de soupeser certains des facteurs qui ont favorisé leur mobilité ascendante. L’un de ces facteurs était l’existence d’une population catholique irlandaise qui, dès les années 1820, représentait une tierce communauté, distincte par son comportement démographique et ses allégeances institutionnelles, aux côtés des Canadiens français et des anglo-protestants. On se rend compte à l’examen d’un échantillon de familles que les « immigrants de la famine » des années 1840 se sont taillés de nouveaux créneaux économiques, que leurs enfants ont prospéré, qu’elles ont nettement amélioré leur intégration en matière d’habitation et de logement à la deuxième et à la troisième génération et qu’elles ont exercé à chaque génération une influence politique active et articulée. Ces constats contredisent les hypothèses antérieures d’une pauvreté et d’une impuissance persistantes chez les catholiques irlandais des villes nord-américaines et soulèvent de nouvelles questions sur les débouchés en milieu urbain et les parcours sociaux

Social Capital Impact On Service Supply Chains

Purpose This study explores the impact of social capital on service firm supply chains.Design/methodology/approach The theoretical underpinnings of social capital is reviewed from various disciplines, including sociology, management, and operations management. This is used to develop a conceptual model of the use of social capital in a service supply chain setting.Findings - Social capital is proposed to improve the operational performance of service firms as a source of both physical and information resources. The impact of social capital is projected to vary by firm size and service type. Small firms have limited resources and thus a need for resources obtained through social capital. Service firms that have high customization and customer contact are subject to process variations which can be mitigated by social capital. A conceptual model is presented to test several propositions related to social capital.Originality/value The impact of social capital has not been widely studied in an operational setting. This is the first known study to specifically analyze the impact of social capital in service supply chains

The Harsh Welcome of an Industrial City: Immigrant Women in Montreal, 1880–1900

Over the span 1880 to 1900, Montreal was a city of newcomers, a majority of them women, and most of them arrived before age 30 from Britain, Europe, the United States, or rural counties of Quebec and Ontario. Young people aged 15 to 29 accounted for a third of the population and half of the recorded labour force. The authors’ analyses of 1881 census data and a 5 per cent sample for 1901 uncover a wide range of factors affecting life transitions. A substantial increase in participation of young unmarried women in the waged labour force was made possible by shifts in the timing of life transitions: the ages at which girls left school, left home, entered the work force, and married. The schedule was affected by migration, and it differed among the three principal cultural communities — French-speaking Catholic, English-speaking Catholic, and Anglo-Protestant. All three groups of women increased their rates of participation in the labour force, but the distinctions based on cultural affiliation persisted in both the scheduling of life transitions and the kinds of work in which they engaged. De nombreux immigrants arrivèrent à Montréal durant les dernières décennies du XIXe siècle. Plus de la moitié d'entre eux étaient des femmes et la plupart arrivaient à un âge plutôt jeune, en provenance de la Grande-Bretagne, d’Europe, des États-Unis, ou encore des régions rurales du Québec et de l’Ontario. Les jeunes de 15 à 30 ans représentaient alors le tiers de la population totale et occupaient la moitié de tous les emplois déclarés. Tirant parti des données du recensement de 1881 et d’un échantillon de 5 p. 100 de celui de 1901, ce texte examine les facteurs susceptibles d'influencer le parcours de vie des jeunes Montréalaises à cette époque : âge auquel elles cessent d’aller à l’école, quittent le domicile familial, commencent à travailler et se marient. L'expérience migratoire affecte ces trajectoires, qui varient aussi selon la communauté culturelle d'appartenance. Les femmes des trois principaux groupes – franco-catholique, irlandais catholique et anglo-protestant - connaissent toutes une augmentation de leur taux de participation au marché du travail, mais les trajectoires empruntées et le type de travail effectué ne sont pas les mêmes dans tous les groupes

Pat Newborn, Patricia Jameson, and Sherry Tabor in a Joint Junior Recital

This is the program for the junior recital of pianist Pat Newborn, organist Patricia Jameson, and pianist Sherry Tabor. This recital took place on April 9, 1964

Obstructive sleep apnea as an independent predictor of postoperative delirium and pain: Protocol for an observational study of a surgical cohort [version 2; referees: 2 approved]

Introduction: Postoperative delirium and pain are common complications in adults, and are difficult both to prevent and treat. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in surgical patients, and has been suggested to be a risk factor for postoperative delirium and pain. OSA also might impact pain perception, and alter pain medication requirements. This protocol describes an observational study, with the primary aim of testing whether OSA is an independent predictor of postoperative complications, focusing on (i) postoperative incident delirium and (ii) acute postoperative pain severity. We secondarily hypothesize that compliance with prescribed treatment for OSA (typically continuous positive airway pressure or CPAP) might decrease the risk of delirium and the severity of pain. Methods and analysis: We will include data from patients who have been enrolled into three prospective studies: ENGAGES, PODCAST, and SATISFY-SOS. All participants underwent general anesthesia for a non-neurosurgical inpatient operation, and had a postoperative hospital stay of at least one day at Barnes Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, from February 2013 to May 2018.  Patients included in this study have been assessed for postoperative delirium and pain severity as part of the parent studies. In the current study, determination of delirium diagnosis will be based on the Confusion Assessment Method, and the Visual Analogue Pain Scale will be used for pain severity. Data on OSA diagnosis, OSA risk and compliance with treatment will be obtained from the preoperative assessment record. Other variables that are candidate risk factors for delirium and pain will also be extracted from this record. We will use logistic regression to test whether OSA independently predicts postoperative delirium and linear regression to assess OSAs relationship to acute pain severity. We will conduct secondary analyses with subgroups to explore whether these relationships are modified by compliance with OSA treatment.</ns4:p

Dynamics of Instructional and Perceptual Factors in Instructional Design Competence Development

The Journal of Learning Design is available at https://www.jld.edu.au/index.This nine-month study used mixed methods data and a qualitative analysis to examine the skill and perceptual development of 17 graduate design students. Individual differences, perceptions and preferences that apparently promoted rapid and productive development included: design efficacy, mastery goals, preference for cognitive challenge and tolerance for risk-taking. Novice learners benefited from content and context familiarity, but as they developed competence, they gained from choosing less familiar tasks and content. Features of the learning environment identified as contributing to novice designers’ knowledge and skill development were: authentic projects, detailed assignment specifications, multiple types and levels of feedback, and clear alignment with professional performance standards. These findings inform the strategic design of instructional opportunities for novice designers and similarly complex applied professional fields.Ye

Tools of the Trade: The Role of Perceptions and Context in Designing and Developing Instructional Learning Aids

The Journal of Applied Instructional Design is available at http://www.jaidpub.org.Design principles, theories and artifacts from instruction in many fields have been analyzed from various perspectives. Instructional learning aids (ILAs) such as workbooks and job aids are components of instructional packages that are often utilized, but not often considered in terms of their role in learners’ experience of instruction. We used a mixed methods approach to examine the effects of two types of ILAs for the design skill development of 11 graduate students over two sequential semesters. As designers, we depend on general principles, and may draw on principles from various frameworks to address particular design demands. But how do the unique aspects of content, context and learners’ perceptions influence the use and effectiveness of those tools we create? In this nine-month study we examined learners’ perceived utility and actual utilization of two distinct types of instructional aids designed for the sequenced instructional design courses. Learners’ utilization of these tools varied depending on the tools’ specific design elements, features of the contexts, and the match of intended use with learners’ perceptions—demonstrating that perception (not intent) drives use. These findings inform strategic reasoning and practice in the design of ILAs for both the academic and practitioner.Ye

Visual Diagnostics for Constrained Optimisation with Application to Guided Tours

A guided tour helps to visualise high-dimensional data by showing low-dimensional projections along a projection pursuit optimisation path. Projection pursuit is a generalisation of principal component analysis, in the sense that different indexes are used to define the interestingness of the projected data. While much work has been done in developing new indexes in the literature, less has been done on understanding the optimisation. Index functions can be noisy, might have multiple local maxima as well as an optimal maximum, and are constrained to generate orthonormal projection frames, which complicates the optimization. In addition, projection pursuit is primarily used for exploratory data analysis, and finding the local maxima is also useful. The guided tour is especially useful for exploration, because it conducts geodesic interpolation connecting steps in the optimisation and shows how the projected data changes as a maxima is approached. This work provides new visual diagnostics for examining a choice of optimisation procedure, based on the provision of a new data object which collects information throughout the optimisation. It has helped to diagnose and fix several problems with projection pursuit guided tour. This work might be useful more broadly for diagnosing optimisers, and comparing their performance. The diagnostics are implemented in the R package, ferrn

We’re not asking, we’re telling: An inventory of practices promoting the dignity, autonomy, and self-determination of women and families facing homelessness

This study builds upon the findings of several recent participatory projects in which women facing homelessness have taken the lead and voiced their knowledge about the causes and consequences of, and the solutions to homelessness. Through those projects, women experiencing homelessness shared their insights about services, and about their own strengths. Now, the time has come to assist services to adopt the good practices identified in those projects. In order to do this, service providers need models and tools that are relevant to their own service contexts. To gather more information about models, tools, and practices and how these can be implemented, our project drew upon a range of sources: • A web search, literature review, and site visits, to identify innovative democratic practices in local, Canadian, and international services for women and families facing homelessness. • Interviews and focus groups with managers and front-line staff in organizations serving women and families facing homelessness, in order to analyze practices and policies in local services that respond to the above recommendations, and the challenges that services face in fully implementing them. • Peer knowledge exchange meetings and focus groups with women and families facing homelessness, in which participants shared and documented the good practices they use, and their recommendations for making services more inclusive. This report presents inspiring models, inclusive service practices, and women’s own strategies and resources for surviving homelessness. While we keep up the struggle to end homelessness, we can also draw upon the information here to make changes in our everyday lives, our work, and our organizations. This feminist, participatory research project was funded by the Homelessness Knowledge Development Program of Human Resources Services and Development Canada